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N. arbor-tristis L.: A. Gynoecium with septum at the middle of the ovary, B. Gynoecium with mm graph scale, C. Whitish hairs at ovary base, D.-J. LM & SEM study of fruit epicarp: D. Anomocytic stomata with epicarp cells showing slightly sinuos wall, E. & I. Uniseriate, slender, non-glandular trichome, F. Polygonal exocarp cells with prismatic crystals, G. Epicarp surface, H. Stoma with striated cuticle, J. Embedded stomata in Epicarp cell, K.-M. LM & SEM study of seed testa: K. & M. Polygonal testa cells, L. Brachysclereid.
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Qualitative and quantitative morphological characterization in different growth stages of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. fruits and seeds were investigated. Capsules are compressed, two celled, green, cordate to round or elliptical with one flattened seed in each half. Both LM and SEM study were conducted to gather micromorphological features of matur...
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... ovary is inferior, two-chambered, each containing one ovule. Prominent septum was visible in the middle of the ovary (Fig. 5A). The ovary length ranges from 1.5-2.5 mm and breadth was 1 mm at stage 0 ( Fig. 5B; Table 1). Style may or may not be present at maturity (Fig. 3F, 3G). Numerous minute (≤1 mm) whitish hairs were observed at the ovary base (Fig. 5C). The ovary was green (due to immaturity) in colour and its weight was very light (≤1 ...
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... ovary is inferior, two-chambered, each containing one ovule. Prominent septum was visible in the middle of the ovary (Fig. 5A). The ovary length ranges from 1.5-2.5 mm and breadth was 1 mm at stage 0 ( Fig. 5B; Table 1). Style may or may not be present at maturity (Fig. 3F, 3G). Numerous minute (≤1 mm) whitish hairs were observed at the ovary base (Fig. 5C). The ovary was green (due to immaturity) in colour and its weight was very light (≤1 ...
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... is inferior, two-chambered, each containing one ovule. Prominent septum was visible in the middle of the ovary (Fig. 5A). The ovary length ranges from 1.5-2.5 mm and breadth was 1 mm at stage 0 ( Fig. 5B; Table 1). Style may or may not be present at maturity (Fig. 3F, 3G). Numerous minute (≤1 mm) whitish hairs were observed at the ovary base (Fig. 5C). The ovary was green (due to immaturity) in colour and its weight was very light (≤1 ...
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... study of epicarp showed that cells were polygonal in shape and slightly sinuous in cell wall pattern ( Fig. 5D, 5F; Table 3). Cells were compactly arranged and intercellular space was absent. Anomocytic type of stomata was found (Fig. 5D). The ranges of stomatal frequency (SF) and stomatal index (SI) were 16.67-83.33 per mm² and 2.44-8.57 respectively (Table 3). Cuticular depositions were uneven throughout the surface. SEM observation showed that ...
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... study of epicarp showed that cells were polygonal in shape and slightly sinuous in cell wall pattern ( Fig. 5D, 5F; Table 3). Cells were compactly arranged and intercellular space was absent. Anomocytic type of stomata was found (Fig. 5D). The ranges of stomatal frequency (SF) and stomatal index (SI) were 16.67-83.33 per mm² and 2.44-8.57 respectively (Table 3). Cuticular depositions were uneven throughout the surface. SEM observation showed that cuticular cells were arranged in a wavy pattern and stomata were embedded in it (Fig. 5G, ...
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... absent. Anomocytic type of stomata was found (Fig. 5D). The ranges of stomatal frequency (SF) and stomatal index (SI) were 16.67-83.33 per mm² and 2.44-8.57 respectively (Table 3). Cuticular depositions were uneven throughout the surface. SEM observation showed that cuticular cells were arranged in a wavy pattern and stomata were embedded in it (Fig. 5G, ...
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... on LM study, it was found that testa cells were polygonal in shape and slightly sinuous to straight in cell wall pattern (Fig. 5K). No intercellular space was found in LM and SEM study ( Fig. 5K, 5M; Table ...
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... on LM study, it was found that testa cells were polygonal in shape and slightly sinuous to straight in cell wall pattern (Fig. 5K). No intercellular space was found in LM and SEM study ( Fig. 5K, 5M; Table ...
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... stomata were anomocytic type, and its pore size was 18.4-21.07 × 5.03-7.91 µm² in the LM study ( Fig. 5D; Table 3). SEM study showed that stomatal guard cells were around by a series of striated cuticles, which were mostly elongated and spread throughout the microscopic field with different curves (Fig. 5H, 5J). These striations were very close to the guard cells and few were oblique in appearance (Fig. 5H). Some granules like particles ...
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... stomata were anomocytic type, and its pore size was 18.4-21.07 × 5.03-7.91 µm² in the LM study ( Fig. 5D; Table 3). SEM study showed that stomatal guard cells were around by a series of striated cuticles, which were mostly elongated and spread throughout the microscopic field with different curves (Fig. 5H, 5J). These striations were very close to the guard cells and few were oblique in appearance (Fig. 5H). Some granules like particles (without any specific shape) were found near the stomata and trichomes (Fig. 5H, 5I). Stomata were absent in the seed ...
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... 18.4-21.07 × 5.03-7.91 µm² in the LM study ( Fig. 5D; Table 3). SEM study showed that stomatal guard cells were around by a series of striated cuticles, which were mostly elongated and spread throughout the microscopic field with different curves (Fig. 5H, 5J). These striations were very close to the guard cells and few were oblique in appearance (Fig. 5H). Some granules like particles (without any specific shape) were found near the stomata and trichomes (Fig. 5H, 5I). Stomata were absent in the seed ...
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... around by a series of striated cuticles, which were mostly elongated and spread throughout the microscopic field with different curves (Fig. 5H, 5J). These striations were very close to the guard cells and few were oblique in appearance (Fig. 5H). Some granules like particles (without any specific shape) were found near the stomata and trichomes (Fig. 5H, 5I). Stomata were absent in the seed ...
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... erect, uniseriate, pointed tip trichomes were found in the outer cuticular surface of matured fruits ( Fig. 5E, 5I; Table 3). Trichomes length ranges from 119.71-200.07 µm (Table 3). SEM study showed that some elongated, parallel patches or striations were also present around the trichomes, like stomatal striations (Fig. 5I). The seed surface was devoid of ...
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... erect, uniseriate, pointed tip trichomes were found in the outer cuticular surface of matured fruits ( Fig. 5E, 5I; Table 3). Trichomes length ranges from 119.71-200.07 µm (Table 3). SEM study showed that some elongated, parallel patches or striations were also present around the trichomes, like stomatal striations (Fig. 5I). The seed surface was devoid of ...
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... crystals were present in fruit epicarp cells and seed testa cells (Table 3). LM study showed that 2-3 crystals were generally present in few epicarp cells (Fig. ...
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... brachysclereids were observed within matured seed testa cells. The sclereids were various in shapes, with the thickened cell wall and were mostly single (Fig. ...
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... ovary is inferior, two-chambered, each containing one ovule. Prominent septum was visible in the middle of the ovary (Fig. 5A). The ovary length ranges from 1.5-2.5 mm and breadth was 1 mm at stage 0 ( Fig. 5B; Table 1). Style may or may not be present at maturity (Fig. 3F, 3G). Numerous minute (≤1 mm) whitish hairs were observed at the ovary base (Fig. 5C). The ovary was green (due to immaturity) in colour and its weight was very light (≤1 ...
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... ovary is inferior, two-chambered, each containing one ovule. Prominent septum was visible in the middle of the ovary (Fig. 5A). The ovary length ranges from 1.5-2.5 mm and breadth was 1 mm at stage 0 ( Fig. 5B; Table 1). Style may or may not be present at maturity (Fig. 3F, 3G). Numerous minute (≤1 mm) whitish hairs were observed at the ovary base (Fig. 5C). The ovary was green (due to immaturity) in colour and its weight was very light (≤1 ...
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... is inferior, two-chambered, each containing one ovule. Prominent septum was visible in the middle of the ovary (Fig. 5A). The ovary length ranges from 1.5-2.5 mm and breadth was 1 mm at stage 0 ( Fig. 5B; Table 1). Style may or may not be present at maturity (Fig. 3F, 3G). Numerous minute (≤1 mm) whitish hairs were observed at the ovary base (Fig. 5C). The ovary was green (due to immaturity) in colour and its weight was very light (≤1 ...
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... study of epicarp showed that cells were polygonal in shape and slightly sinuous in cell wall pattern ( Fig. 5D, 5F; Table 3). Cells were compactly arranged and intercellular space was absent. Anomocytic type of stomata was found (Fig. 5D). The ranges of stomatal frequency (SF) and stomatal index (SI) were 16.67-83.33 per mm² and 2.44-8.57 respectively (Table 3). Cuticular depositions were uneven throughout the surface. SEM observation showed that ...
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... study of epicarp showed that cells were polygonal in shape and slightly sinuous in cell wall pattern ( Fig. 5D, 5F; Table 3). Cells were compactly arranged and intercellular space was absent. Anomocytic type of stomata was found (Fig. 5D). The ranges of stomatal frequency (SF) and stomatal index (SI) were 16.67-83.33 per mm² and 2.44-8.57 respectively (Table 3). Cuticular depositions were uneven throughout the surface. SEM observation showed that cuticular cells were arranged in a wavy pattern and stomata were embedded in it (Fig. 5G, ...
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... absent. Anomocytic type of stomata was found (Fig. 5D). The ranges of stomatal frequency (SF) and stomatal index (SI) were 16.67-83.33 per mm² and 2.44-8.57 respectively (Table 3). Cuticular depositions were uneven throughout the surface. SEM observation showed that cuticular cells were arranged in a wavy pattern and stomata were embedded in it (Fig. 5G, ...
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... on LM study, it was found that testa cells were polygonal in shape and slightly sinuous to straight in cell wall pattern (Fig. 5K). No intercellular space was found in LM and SEM study ( Fig. 5K, 5M; Table ...
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... on LM study, it was found that testa cells were polygonal in shape and slightly sinuous to straight in cell wall pattern (Fig. 5K). No intercellular space was found in LM and SEM study ( Fig. 5K, 5M; Table ...
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... stomata were anomocytic type, and its pore size was 18.4-21.07 × 5.03-7.91 µm² in the LM study ( Fig. 5D; Table 3). SEM study showed that stomatal guard cells were around by a series of striated cuticles, which were mostly elongated and spread throughout the microscopic field with different curves (Fig. 5H, 5J). These striations were very close to the guard cells and few were oblique in appearance (Fig. 5H). Some granules like particles ...
Context 26
... stomata were anomocytic type, and its pore size was 18.4-21.07 × 5.03-7.91 µm² in the LM study ( Fig. 5D; Table 3). SEM study showed that stomatal guard cells were around by a series of striated cuticles, which were mostly elongated and spread throughout the microscopic field with different curves (Fig. 5H, 5J). These striations were very close to the guard cells and few were oblique in appearance (Fig. 5H). Some granules like particles (without any specific shape) were found near the stomata and trichomes (Fig. 5H, 5I). Stomata were absent in the seed ...
Context 27
... 18.4-21.07 × 5.03-7.91 µm² in the LM study ( Fig. 5D; Table 3). SEM study showed that stomatal guard cells were around by a series of striated cuticles, which were mostly elongated and spread throughout the microscopic field with different curves (Fig. 5H, 5J). These striations were very close to the guard cells and few were oblique in appearance (Fig. 5H). Some granules like particles (without any specific shape) were found near the stomata and trichomes (Fig. 5H, 5I). Stomata were absent in the seed ...
Context 28
... around by a series of striated cuticles, which were mostly elongated and spread throughout the microscopic field with different curves (Fig. 5H, 5J). These striations were very close to the guard cells and few were oblique in appearance (Fig. 5H). Some granules like particles (without any specific shape) were found near the stomata and trichomes (Fig. 5H, 5I). Stomata were absent in the seed ...
Context 29
... erect, uniseriate, pointed tip trichomes were found in the outer cuticular surface of matured fruits ( Fig. 5E, 5I; Table 3). Trichomes length ranges from 119.71-200.07 µm (Table 3). SEM study showed that some elongated, parallel patches or striations were also present around the trichomes, like stomatal striations (Fig. 5I). The seed surface was devoid of ...
Context 30
... erect, uniseriate, pointed tip trichomes were found in the outer cuticular surface of matured fruits ( Fig. 5E, 5I; Table 3). Trichomes length ranges from 119.71-200.07 µm (Table 3). SEM study showed that some elongated, parallel patches or striations were also present around the trichomes, like stomatal striations (Fig. 5I). The seed surface was devoid of ...
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... crystals were present in fruit epicarp cells and seed testa cells (Table 3). LM study showed that 2-3 crystals were generally present in few epicarp cells (Fig. ...
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... brachysclereids were observed within matured seed testa cells. The sclereids were various in shapes, with the thickened cell wall and were mostly single (Fig. ...
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... ovary is inferior, two-chambered, each containing one ovule. Prominent septum was visible in the middle of the ovary (Fig. 5A). The ovary length ranges from 1.5-2.5 mm and breadth was 1 mm at stage 0 ( Fig. 5B; Table 1). Style may or may not be present at maturity (Fig. 3F, 3G). Numerous minute (≤1 mm) whitish hairs were observed at the ovary base (Fig. 5C). The ovary was green (due to immaturity) in colour and its weight was very light (≤1 ...
Context 34
... ovary is inferior, two-chambered, each containing one ovule. Prominent septum was visible in the middle of the ovary (Fig. 5A). The ovary length ranges from 1.5-2.5 mm and breadth was 1 mm at stage 0 ( Fig. 5B; Table 1). Style may or may not be present at maturity (Fig. 3F, 3G). Numerous minute (≤1 mm) whitish hairs were observed at the ovary base (Fig. 5C). The ovary was green (due to immaturity) in colour and its weight was very light (≤1 ...
Context 35
... is inferior, two-chambered, each containing one ovule. Prominent septum was visible in the middle of the ovary (Fig. 5A). The ovary length ranges from 1.5-2.5 mm and breadth was 1 mm at stage 0 ( Fig. 5B; Table 1). Style may or may not be present at maturity (Fig. 3F, 3G). Numerous minute (≤1 mm) whitish hairs were observed at the ovary base (Fig. 5C). The ovary was green (due to immaturity) in colour and its weight was very light (≤1 ...
Context 36
... study of epicarp showed that cells were polygonal in shape and slightly sinuous in cell wall pattern ( Fig. 5D, 5F; Table 3). Cells were compactly arranged and intercellular space was absent. Anomocytic type of stomata was found (Fig. 5D). The ranges of stomatal frequency (SF) and stomatal index (SI) were 16.67-83.33 per mm² and 2.44-8.57 respectively (Table 3). Cuticular depositions were uneven throughout the surface. SEM observation showed that ...
Context 37
... study of epicarp showed that cells were polygonal in shape and slightly sinuous in cell wall pattern ( Fig. 5D, 5F; Table 3). Cells were compactly arranged and intercellular space was absent. Anomocytic type of stomata was found (Fig. 5D). The ranges of stomatal frequency (SF) and stomatal index (SI) were 16.67-83.33 per mm² and 2.44-8.57 respectively (Table 3). Cuticular depositions were uneven throughout the surface. SEM observation showed that cuticular cells were arranged in a wavy pattern and stomata were embedded in it (Fig. 5G, ...
Context 38
... absent. Anomocytic type of stomata was found (Fig. 5D). The ranges of stomatal frequency (SF) and stomatal index (SI) were 16.67-83.33 per mm² and 2.44-8.57 respectively (Table 3). Cuticular depositions were uneven throughout the surface. SEM observation showed that cuticular cells were arranged in a wavy pattern and stomata were embedded in it (Fig. 5G, ...
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... on LM study, it was found that testa cells were polygonal in shape and slightly sinuous to straight in cell wall pattern (Fig. 5K). No intercellular space was found in LM and SEM study ( Fig. 5K, 5M; Table ...
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... on LM study, it was found that testa cells were polygonal in shape and slightly sinuous to straight in cell wall pattern (Fig. 5K). No intercellular space was found in LM and SEM study ( Fig. 5K, 5M; Table ...
Context 41
... stomata were anomocytic type, and its pore size was 18.4-21.07 × 5.03-7.91 µm² in the LM study ( Fig. 5D; Table 3). SEM study showed that stomatal guard cells were around by a series of striated cuticles, which were mostly elongated and spread throughout the microscopic field with different curves (Fig. 5H, 5J). These striations were very close to the guard cells and few were oblique in appearance (Fig. 5H). Some granules like particles ...
Context 42
... stomata were anomocytic type, and its pore size was 18.4-21.07 × 5.03-7.91 µm² in the LM study ( Fig. 5D; Table 3). SEM study showed that stomatal guard cells were around by a series of striated cuticles, which were mostly elongated and spread throughout the microscopic field with different curves (Fig. 5H, 5J). These striations were very close to the guard cells and few were oblique in appearance (Fig. 5H). Some granules like particles (without any specific shape) were found near the stomata and trichomes (Fig. 5H, 5I). Stomata were absent in the seed ...
Context 43
... 18.4-21.07 × 5.03-7.91 µm² in the LM study ( Fig. 5D; Table 3). SEM study showed that stomatal guard cells were around by a series of striated cuticles, which were mostly elongated and spread throughout the microscopic field with different curves (Fig. 5H, 5J). These striations were very close to the guard cells and few were oblique in appearance (Fig. 5H). Some granules like particles (without any specific shape) were found near the stomata and trichomes (Fig. 5H, 5I). Stomata were absent in the seed ...
Context 44
... around by a series of striated cuticles, which were mostly elongated and spread throughout the microscopic field with different curves (Fig. 5H, 5J). These striations were very close to the guard cells and few were oblique in appearance (Fig. 5H). Some granules like particles (without any specific shape) were found near the stomata and trichomes (Fig. 5H, 5I). Stomata were absent in the seed ...
Context 45
... erect, uniseriate, pointed tip trichomes were found in the outer cuticular surface of matured fruits ( Fig. 5E, 5I; Table 3). Trichomes length ranges from 119.71-200.07 µm (Table 3). SEM study showed that some elongated, parallel patches or striations were also present around the trichomes, like stomatal striations (Fig. 5I). The seed surface was devoid of ...
Context 46
... erect, uniseriate, pointed tip trichomes were found in the outer cuticular surface of matured fruits ( Fig. 5E, 5I; Table 3). Trichomes length ranges from 119.71-200.07 µm (Table 3). SEM study showed that some elongated, parallel patches or striations were also present around the trichomes, like stomatal striations (Fig. 5I). The seed surface was devoid of ...
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... crystals were present in fruit epicarp cells and seed testa cells (Table 3). LM study showed that 2-3 crystals were generally present in few epicarp cells (Fig. ...
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... The new populations of J. azoricum, J. adenophyllum and J. malabaricum were discovered and collected from natural habitat in the districts Jalpaiguri and Paschim Burdwan of West Bengal (India) (Fig. 1). Observations of leaf epidermis and venation were done under a trinocular upright microscope (Magnus, 528013) and a stereo zoom light microscope (Olympus, SZ2-ILST 8A11112) and dry leaf samples were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, JEOL JSM-IT100) following different methods described in previous studies (Hickey 1973;Barthlott 1981;Modak and Chowdhury 2021;Moura et al. 2024) with a few modifications. Prior to microscopic examination, raw leaves were immersed in an aqueous solution of NaOH (5%) for dechlorophyllization followed by washing and staining for observation of venation category. ...
Jasmine is widely used in the aromatic industries and the pharmacological, phytochemical and cosmetic sectors. Applied studies of wild plants with proper identification are becoming increasingly common globally. A detailed taxonomic description of three wild jasmines is given, including domatia characters, foliar epidermal characteristics (crystals, epidermal cell wall patterns, trichomes) and venation types. New localities were discovered, which significantly extended their distribution in India. A taxonomic key for the identification of the study species and related, potentially confusable Indian members of Jasminum sect. Unifoliolata and sect. Trifoliolata is given. The morphological identification is supported by molecular attributes. The molecular phylogeny of the species studied and their closest taxa based on the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region of nuclear-ribosomal DNA is provided. Species-specific nucleotide variations are highlighted. Phylogenetic analyses revealed five major clades that were consistent with morphological characteristics. Jasminum azoricum and J. malabaricum are reported here from new sites in India beyond Western Ghats, while J. adenophyllum is reported here outside of Assam. The present work focused on the domatia identified in J. azoricum and J. flexile and key differentiation characters.
... Thus, from the given data, it is evident that the seed maturity is attained 90 days after flowering. Modak and Chowdhury (2021) studied the morphological changes in the fruits and seeds under Darjeeling climatic conditions and reported that the fruit maturity is attained four months after flowering [12] . ...
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This work was aimed to establish an effective approach for direct regeneration of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis L. using nodal segment. Amongst the different combinations of plant growth regulators (PGR's), the maximum number of shoots/explant (32.94 ± 0.86) with 3.14 ± 0.08 cm shoot length was attained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with 3.5 mg /L 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0.3 mg/L concentration of 1-phenyl-3-(1, 2, 3- thiadiazol-5-yl)- urea (TDZ). Besides, nodal segments of Nyctanthes grown on MS medium were used to analyze the effect of biogenic AgNPs (0,2,4,6,8 and 10mg/L) on plant growth & multiplication in solid & suspension culture medium. After 35 days of in vitro shoot proliferation, the shoot number, shoot length, chlorophyll content, fresh & dry matter, guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) and catalases enzyme (CAT) activities of plants were quantified. The administration of AgNPs (6 mg/L) along with the lower concentration of BA (1mg/L) could enhance shoot multiplication from (1.29 ± 0.14) to (25.17 ± 0.45), chlorophyll content as well as the GPOX, and CAT enzyme activities in suspension culture medium. Optimized rooting response (12.15 ± 0.63) was noted on the half-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L concentration of Indole acetic acid (IAA), The maximum in vitro raised plantlets was hardened & acclimatized in a ratio of 6:2:2:1(garden soil: cocopeat: vermiculite: pearlite) potting mixture. The regenerated plantlets showed 80% survival rate under greenhouse conditions. Out of twenty PCR-based RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) molecular markers, 8 primers produced a total of 350 scorable bands which showed 90–99% similarity with mother plant.
