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Myrtaceae: A-Psidium grandifolium. Nyctaginaceae: B-Guapira noxia, flower and fruit details. Ochnaceae: C-Ouratea spectabilis, inflorescence detail. Passifloraceae: D-Passiflora cincinnata. Polygalaceae: E-Bredemeyera floribunda, flower detail. Primulaceae: F-Myrsine guianensis, flower detail; G-Myrsine lancifolia, flower detail; H-Myrsine umbellata, fruit detail. Rosaceae: I-Rubus brasiliensis, flower and fruit details.
Source publication
We surveyed a Cerrado and Riparian Forest vegetation area located at São Carlos Federal University (21°58’
S, 47°51’ W). The objective of the survey was to provide a full inventory of the area’s angiosperm flora. This inventory was conducted in a region in which few remnants of Cerrado and Riparian Forest are left because of the destruction of thes...
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O primeiro passo para a identificação de um gênero ou uma espécie é normalmente conhecendo a qual família pertence. As chaves de identificação tradicionais são dicotômicas, raramente ilustradas e baseadas principalmente em caracteres florais, restringindo, assim, a identificação das plantas à fenofase reprodutiva. O objetivo desse trabalho foi a el...
Citations
... All sites were in the Cerrado (neotropical savanna) biome, which is characterized by a well-defined dry season from May to September (Hunke et al., 2015), with an average precipitation from 800 to 2000 mm, and average annual temperature between 18 and 28 C (Silva et al., 2017). The potential natural vegetation consists of dispersed trees and shrubs, grass (Urbanetz et al., 2013), rocky field vegetation (campos rupestres) in the Espinhaço Range , and heterogeneous riparian forests. The major land uses are mechanized agricultural cash crops, charcoal production, grazing, and urbanization (Macedo et al., 2014). ...
Freshwater ecosystems are threatened by flow regulation, sedimentation, habitat degradation, non-native species, and water pollution. These disturbances have led to global losses of biodiversity and habitats. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate the ecological condition of freshwater ecosystems to promote effective management practices. Quantitative predictive models based on multivariate analyses of taxa richness are recognized ecological tools that can facilitate the monitoring and managing of freshwater ecosystems worldwide. However, few studies have used this approach to assess tropical rivers and streams. By evaluating predictive models, we can assess their usefulness for determining water-body taxonomic richness. We built a RIVPACS-type model based on macro-invertebrate assemblage (MINASPACS), for spatially extensive taxa richness assessments of Minas Gerais state streams, southeast Brazil. As a second objective, we assessed the sensitivity of the MINASPACS to human-induced disturbances affecting Minas Gerais streams through the relative risk (RR) approach. The MINASPACS model was trained with biological and environmental data from 78 reference sites and showed good accuracy (R 2 > 0.6, SD O/E ¼ 0.16). We found that percent of urban infrastructure, percent of catchment anthropogenic land use, Turbidity, Total Nitrogen, and Total Phosphorus represented significant risks to the taxa richness of Minas Gerais streams. Because of its accuracy, sensitivity, and use of map-level predictor variables, our model provides a clear, simple, and defensible measure of stream macroinvertebrate taxa richness across diverse biomes.
... Average precipitation ranges from 800 to 2000 mm, and average annual temperature ranges between 18 and 28°C (Ratter et al., 1997). The savanna vegetation consists of dispersed trees and shrubs, small palms, and grass (Quesada et al., 2008) with heterogeneous gallery forests along watercourses (Urbanetz et al., 2013). The major land uses are agricultural cash crops, charcoal production, grazing, and urbanization (Macedo et al., 2014;Ratter et al., 1997). ...
... Its leaves are oblong, dark green and can reach up to 10 cm in length and 5 cm in width. The leaf apex is obtuse and the base is rounded (Urbanetz et al., 2013). Thrips (Thysanoptera) are mostly known for their pest status in many economically important crops (Kirk and Terry, 2003), but in fact, only about 2% of the ∼5000–6000 species are considered pests, and belong to the suborder Terebrantia (Cavalleri et al., 2010; Monteiro et al., 2001; Morse and Hoddle, 2006; Mound and Marullo, 1996; Mound and Morris, 2007 ). ...
Herbivory is a major source of plant stress and its effects can be severe, decreasing plant fitness, or subtle, affecting the development of leaves by influencing the normal pattern of growth and expansion of leaf blades. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) analysis is recognized as a measure of plant stress, and can be used to evaluate subtle effects of herbivory on the imperfect growth of bilaterally symmetrical traits, such as leaves. One general issue is that authors usually consider FA as an indicator of stress, which can attract herbivores (plant stress hypothesis), and studies showing that herbivores themselves affect leaf symmetry (herbivory-induced stress hypothesis) are scarce, with mixed results. Here, we investigated the relationship between herbivory by thrips and leaf FA in Banisteriopsis malifolia and Heteropterys escallonifolia (Malpighiaceae). Pseudophilothrips obscuricornis is a free-living, non-pest, sucking species that feeds mainly on leaf buds. We hypothesized that herbivory by thrips in the early stages of leaf development would provoke increased FA levels in mature leaves. The results showed that thrips herbivory rate was low, affecting barely more than 1% of the leaf blade. Nonetheless, thrips-attacked leaves of B. malifolia and H. escallonifolia presented increases of 15 and 27% in leaf asymmetry, respectively, compared to uninjured leaves, corroborating the herbivory-induced stress hypothesis. Since herbivory by thrips in leaf buds was related to significant increases in the stress of mature leaves, we assume that under these circumstances, FA can be used as a biomarker for plant stress following herbivory damage. To be useful as a biomarker of stress, FA in plants must be investigated with caution, taking into account the natural history of the herbivore species and timing of leaf damage.
... Its leaves are oblong, dark green and can reach up to 10 cm in length and 5 cm in width. The leaf apex is obtuse and the base is rounded (Urbanetz et al., 2013). Thrips (Thysanoptera) are mostly known for their pest status in many economically important crops (Kirk and Terry, 2003), but in fact, only about 2% of the ∼5000–6000 species are considered pests, and belong to the suborder Terebrantia (Cavalleri et al., 2010; Monteiro et al., 2001; Morse and Hoddle, 2006; Mound and Marullo, 1996; Mound and Morris, 2007 ). ...
