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Bolivia has disseminated several improved technologies in the rice sector, but the average rice productivity in the country is far below the average trend in Latin America in recent years. Although the economic literature has highlighted the role of agricultural technology adoption in increasing agricultural productivity, gaps remain in understandi...
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... econometric analysis provides evidence that the decisions to adopt complementary technologies in rice production in Bolivia are correlated, justifying the use of an MVP model to understand the factors that explain these decisions. Table 6 presents the partial correlations across all technologies included in the analysis and the joint significance test, suggesting that the individual adoption of rice technologies is affected by the other complementary technologies' decisions. Not controlling for the correlation between individual adoption decisions and their unobservables would bias the covariates' coefficient estimation. ...Similar publications
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Instability of an output production arises mainly due to changes in area and productivity of the output. Infact, it was found that adoption of new technology had increased instability in food grains and agricultural production in India (Chand and Raju, 2008). Agriculture is the back bone of Manipur's economy. Rice is the only staple food crop grown...
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... In line with this, we take membership in a farmers' association and access to credit as variables only affecting yields through their effect on introduced pasture adoption. Likewise, as technologies and practices usually follow joint patterns of adoption (Kassie, Jaleta, Shiferaw, Mmbando, & Mekuria, 2013;Martinez, Labarta, Gonzalez, & Lopera, 2021;Teklewold, Kassie, & Shiferaw, 2013), we use an index of ownership of farming durable goods (e.g., water pumps, sprayers, harrows, or tractors) as a factor influencing adoption only. ...
... It is worth highlighting that our analysis builds upon the working assumption that practices like fertilization and weed control are taken as given. Nevertheless, among pasture adopters, these practices may reflect an underlying decision-making process by the farmer that could benefit from economic modeling, as suggested by previous studies on other crops 9 Martinez et al., 2021;Teklewold et al., 2013). While addressing the dual endogeneity of introduced pasture adoption and pasture management practices is beyond the scope of this paper, it will likely be of the utmost crucial for future studies on the adoption of sustainable livestock systems, which typically integrate various practices. ...
... Under an optimal IV approach, the average response goes up to 1.86%. In transition terms, switching from native savannas to introduced pastures has the potential to increase average revenue per hectare by roughly 9 For example, an ordered regression analysis on the number of pastures observed in the farm (Supplementary Appendix, Table A8) suggests that factors like membership in a farmers' association, education, and access to credit are correlated with the adoption of these complementary practices, resembling the results of (Martinez et al., 2021) for complementary technologies in rice farming. ...
The adoption of higher-nutrient grass varieties, such as Brachiaria, offers long-term economic benefits for ranchers while enhancing soil health and pasture productivity in Latin America's lowland climates. Despite widespread adoption, the field-level impacts remain largely unexplored. This study, focusing on Colombia's largest beef-producing regions, analyzes how the transition to introduced pastures affects productivity, revenue, and land requirements for ranching. Our findings reveal that 66% of pasture acreage among sampled ranchers is now comprised of these introduced varieties. Factors like proximity to technology centers, historical violence, and shocks to transportation and trade hinder adoption. Transitioning from native savannas to introduced pastures significantly boosts productivity, particularly when paired with practices such as weed control and fertilization, although yield gains fall short of agronomic trial expectations. Overall, the increased revenue per hectare underscores the need to promote introduced-pasture-based systems, especially given the limitations of intensive silvopastoral methods.
... Although the technological progress of rice production made in Latin America has been well-documented (Calvert et al., 2006;Zorrilla et al., 2012;Martínez et al., 2014), evidence on the uptake of improved rice technologies and their impact on productivity and development outcomes remains limited. Few studies have documented the level and factors that may explain the adoption of improved varieties, fertilizers, and other inputs in rice production in Latin America (Scobie and Posada, 1978;Strauss et al., 1991;White et al., 2005;Morello et al., 2018;Marín et al., 2021;Martinez et al., 2021). However, understanding how adopting improved rice technologies could translate into productivity and welfare impacts in Latin America remains absent. ...
... In Bolivia, rice production represents one of the main sources of income and food security for rural households (Ortiz and Soliz, 2007;MDRyT, 2012). However, the use of improved rice technologies among small and medium-scale farmers remains constrained (Martinez et al., 2021). This low adoption of rice technologies has restrained the Bolivian rice sector from improving yields, facilitating greater participation in local and regional markets (Lopera et al., 2023), and reducing price volatility for producers (Bauguil, 2003) and consumers in urban areas (Perez et al., 2011). ...
... Between 2004 and 2014, 12 MIVs were released in Bolivia and are the focus of this article. Some of the MIVs have been planted consistently in between 45 and 60% of the rice acreage since 2013 (Martinez et al., 2021) without significant changes over time (Taboada and Viruez, personal communication, March 2023). ...
Rice research and technology development in Latin America has increased yields and offered the opportunity for several countries to contribute to global food security by becoming net exporters of this cereal. In spite of the broad availability of rice technologies in the region, rice yields remain substantially low in countries like Bolivia. This study examines how Bolivian rice growers make simultaneous decisions about adopting improved varieties and chemical fertilizers and how this joint decision influences the productivity of this crop. By exploiting a nationally representative survey of rice producers, we use a multinomial logit model and an optimal instrumental variable approach to study both the correlates of technology adoption and the impacts of this adoption on rice yields. Our findings suggest that partial adoption of rice varieties or fertilizers does not affect yields, but the joint adoption of these technologies can almost double rice productivity. Promoting packages of agricultural technologies—instead of single technologies within efforts to make these technologies available for small farmers—would exploit the complementarities of different technologies and boost rice yields in Bolivia. The implications would not only be to achieve the desired self-sufficiency in rice production but also to follow similar pathways of other countries in the region that have become net exporters of rice and are contributing to Global Food Systems.
... Although the country evidenced an aggressive expansion of industrial crops like soybeans in the 2010s, rice kept a significant share of the national agricultural acreage by 2020 (INE, 2023). Yet, production faces several challenges of decreasing prices, low yields (FAO, 2022), limited technology adoption (Martinez et al., 2021), and poor harvest and postharvest practices (Ortiz and Soliz, 2007). Furthermore, although most farmers are small-scale and their livelihoods rely on the crop heavily, the rate of market participation of rice farmers is remarkably low (Ortiz and Soliz, 2007). ...
... Annual production increases were evidenced as a result of new dedicated lands, yet yields remain among the lowest on the continent (FAO, 2022). The latter follows from low technology adoption in the Bolivian rice sector, with most producers relying on manual farming and traditional crop varieties (Martinez et al., 2021). Nevertheless, Bolivia has followed several steps toward the improvement of its rice sector. ...
... Since the crop is not native to the country, all available genetic resources are introduced (Nguyen and Tran, 2002), but the country followed a process of population improvement with the objective of developing varieties more properly suited to the national conditions (Taboada, Guzmán, and Hurtado, 2000). Over 15 modern improved varieties have been released in the country since 2004 (Martinez et al., 2021;Taboada and Viruez, personal communication, March 2023). This work is done by the Centro de Investigación Agrícola Tropical (CIAT-Bolivia), which also delivers technologies like biofortified rice varieties (Viruez et al., 2016) and recommendations on input use (Viruez and Taboada, 2013). ...
Using a double-hurdle approach, we assess factors associated with the extent of participation in the rice market with data for small-scale farmers drawn from a nationally representative dataset. The results suggest that larger endowments and assets, animal farming and commercialization, and alternative off-farm income make farmers less likely to participate. Conversely, having access to credit, larger farm sizes, and being part of a farmers' association all increase the likelihood of participation. Farms with better technological resources are also those with higher sales volumes. Further understanding market participation dynamics should prove useful for deriving evidence-based policy recommendations to strengthen this Bolivian sector.
... This is useful for guiding further scaling of banana technologies. Previous adoption studies with regard to bananas mainly covered the adoption of individual technologies [22,23], ignoring the fact that they can be adopted in combination as complementarities or substitutes [26][27][28]. The studies give recommendations for a single technology adoption; yet, banana production is faced with a myriad of challenges, whose solution requires the urgent implementation and adoption of various technologies. ...
The adoption of improved technologies is widely recognized as key to improving agricultural productivity in Sub-Saharan Africa. This study analyzes adoption patterns and intensity of multiple banana technologies in Uganda which have been promoted over time. We used primary data collected from 383 banana farmers sampled using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Multivariate probit (MVP) and ordered probit analyses were applied to establish the adoption patterns and adoption intensity, respectively, and any factors affecting them. The findings highlight that 15 pairwise correlation coefficients among banana technologies were statistically significant implying that banana farmers adopt technologies simultaneously. The household size, total banana area, ecological location, membership to farmer groups, access to formal credit sources, and the type of market accessed had significant effects on household adoption patterns and intensity. Thus, it is recommended that such factors should be seriously considered in addition to technology characteristics when planning promotion programs. Simultaneous adoption implies that each of the technologies should be considered as a package which contributes to the increased farmer options and maximum synergistic effects among them. This study contributes to the existing literature by highlighting the key variables which affect the pattern and intensity of adopting technological packages involving both input intensification and low-external-input technologies in Uganda.
... Latin America, newly released varieties are resistant to rice blast and have better processing quality. These varieties, released after 2010, have started to become the dominant cultivars in Colombia (Fedearroz 67 and 68), Peru (La Esperanza), Ecuador (SFL09 and SFL011), Bolivia (MAC 18), and Panama (IDIAP FL 137)(Urioste et al., 2019;Martinez et al., 2021;Marín et al., 2018). In Africa, using drought-tolerant rice varieties is a potential strategy to mitigate the consequences of climate change associated with the increased probability of drought and longer heatwaves. ...
Rice production has increased significantly with the efforts of international research centers and national governments in the past five decades. Nonetheless, productivity improvement still needs to accelerate in the coming years to feed the growing population that depends on rice for calories and nutrients. This challenge is compounded by the increasing scarcity of natural resources such as water and farmland. This article reviews 17 ex-post impact assessment studies published from 2016 to 2021 on rice varieties, agronomic practices, institutional arrangements, information and communication technologies, and post-harvest technologies used by rice farmers. From the review of these selected studies, we found that stress-tolerant varieties in Asia and Africa significantly increased rice yield and income. Additionally, institutional innovations, training, and natural resource management practices, such as direct-seeded rice, rodent control, and iron-toxicity removal, have had a considerable positive effect on smallholder rice farmers’ economic well-being (income and rice yield). Additional positive impacts are expected from the important uptake of stress-tolerant varieties documented in several Asian, Latin American, and African countries.
... Moreover, providing extension services and promoting associativity could be a strategy. In addition to being attributes that partly describe farms reaching the highest efficiency in our study, these are also mechanisms identified to boost technology adoption among small-and medium-scale farmers in Latin America (Martinez et al., 2021). ...
Potato is a traditional and economically important crop for farmers in the high mountains of Nariño (Colombia). However, its productivity growth is weakening, injuring farmers’ livelihoods. We hypothesize that an in-depth study of farm typologies and their relationship with productive efficiency could prove helpful in delivering recommendations for sector improvement. With a representative sample of 1,018 farmers, this research used cluster methods to identify representative types of farming and then a stochastic frontier model to build a measure of potato production efficiency. Finally, it analyzed how technical efficiency behaves across the calculated types of farming. Results suggested that four kinds of farming describe potato production in Nariño: micro, small, medium, and large-scale. Most farmers are of the micro (71.8 %) and small scale (23.8 %), and their conditions are unfavorable in terms of access to technical assistance, credit, and improved production practices. Although these farmers report an average efficiency of 79 % and 85 %, respectively, there is still an opportunity for improvement. We close with a brief discussion that focuses on suggestions for future policy or research advances around these farmers.
... Moreover, providing extension services and promoting associativity could be a strategy. In addition to being attributes that partly describe farms reaching the highest efficiency in our study, these are also mechanisms identified to boost technology adoption among small-and medium-scale farmers in Latin America (Martinez et al., 2021). ...
Potato is a traditional and economically important crop for farmers in the high mountainsof Nariño (Colombia). However, its productivity growth is weakening, injuring farmers’ livelihoods. We hypothesize that an in-depth study of farm typologies and their relationship with productive efficiency could prove helpful in delivering recommendations for sector improvement. With a representative sample of 1,018 farmers, this research used cluster methods to identify representative types of farming and then a stochastic frontier model to build a measure of potato production efficiency. Finally, it analyzed how technical efficiency behaves across the calculated types of farming. Results suggested that four kinds of farming describe potato production in Nariño: micro, small, medium, and large-scale. Most farmers are of the micro (71.8%) and small scale (23.8%), and their conditions are unfavorable in terms of access to technical assistance, credit, and improved production practices. Although these farmers report an average efficiency of 79% and 85%, respectively, there is still an opportunity for improvement. We close with a brief discussion that focuses on suggestions for future policy or research advances around these farmers
