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Mouth of Schistura pantherina, (A) holotype, NIFI 4675, 60.2 mm SL. (B) paratype, UF 184183, 31.0 mm SL. Note more deeply notched lips in smaller specimen. Barbels damaged on both specimens. Scale bars = 2 mm.
Source publication
Recent fieldwork has revealed the presence of six species of Schistura McClelland 1838 in the Mae Khlong basin in south-western Thailand. These include S. sexcauda (Fowler 1937), S. balteata (Rendahl 1948), S. mahnerti Kottelat 1990, the recently described S. aurantiaca Plongsesthee et al. 2011 and S. tenebrosa Kangrang et al. 2012, and a newly dis...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... lateralis system (pores countable on two specimens) with 4 + 8 supraorbital pores, 8 infraorbital pores, 8-9 preoperculomandibular, and 3 supratemporal pores. Lips moderately thick, pleated, covered with unculi; upper lip with very small median incision; lower lip with median notch in small individuals, with median incision in larger individuals (Fig. 3). Processus dentiformis present. Inner rostral barbel almost reaching to corner of mouth; outer rostral barbel reaching horizontally to anterior edge of orbit. Maxillary barbel reaching horizontally to or slightly past posterior edge of orbit. Barbels covered with unculi. Anterior nostril at base of short flap. Coloration. In life (Fig. ...
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Citations
... The study of balitorid loaches was first reported by Smith [15], and subsequently, most studies with a specific emphasis on species identification and classification were performed [16]. As recently as a decade ago, many balitorid species in Thailand have been revised and described as new species [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. In contrast, the ecological studies of Thai balitorids are limited in the central regions, and to our best knowledge, there are only two publications in balitoridae distribution and their habitats [24,25]. ...
... All individuals were identified at the species level, enumerated, and released downstream from their capture site to avoid fish re-capturing. Since some individuals could not be identified in the field, they were first overdosed in clove oil and were preserved in 10% formalin for later identification to the species using a stereo microscope according to the taxonomic keys based on the Catalog of Fish, California [35] and a number of other publication sources [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][36][37][38][39][40][41]. ...
... In this study, balitorid species richness was positively related with substrate sizes. The highest balitorid diversity was found where water velocity was high and the streambed contains a high proportion of large particles [49][50][51], consistent with the dynamics of their pectoral and pelvic fin design and movement [22,41]. L. hasselti, the most widely distributed in the gravel to coarse sand and the most abundant species in this study, is morphologically adapted for a sand-dwelling life style, particularly predator escape [24,25]. ...
Stream degradation increases with high anthropogenic activity and climate variability, while declines occur in biodiversity. However, few studies have been undertaken on tropical waterways, a major impediment to biodiversity conservation. The present study was conducted on 95 relatively pristine small streams in Eastern Thailand with 10 reasonably uncommon species of balitorid fishes. Measurements were made of 21 physical and chemical factors and the substrate particle size. Stepwise regression identified the direct importance of substrate particle size and nitrate on the species’ richness of balitorids, whereas its abundance was negatively related with iron concentrations. A Canonical Correspondence Analysis identified three fish groups: the 1st group was negatively correlated with ammonia and positively correlated with dissolved silica, the 2nd group was positively correlated with substrate particle size and negatively correlated with stream ambient temperature and ammonia concentration, and the 3rd group was negatively correlated with low dissolved silica, respectively. The results of this study may indicate the vulnerability of balitorids under climate warming and anthropogenic pressure that alter the water physicochemical factors and river degradation including the substrate type. Thus, a conservation framework should be provided regarding the limits for water temperature, ammonia, and iron in Thailand’s Water Quality Criteria to better protect its freshwater ecosystem. Balitorid is a potential bioindicator for evaluating the river temperature effect in combination with ammonia nutrient stressors as long as the way-of-life habits of the species are taken into account.
... This scenario is supported by the occurrence of other fish species (e.g. Schistura balteata) in the upper Mae Klong as well as in the northern Tenasserim region (Kottelat, 1990;Page et al., 2012) and by our specimen A4453 which genetically belongs to the Salween clade, but was collected in the upper Mae Klong basin. In contrast, the separation of the Rakhine, Irrawaddy, Sittaung and Salween clades most likely was driven by a very high global sea level during late Miocene-early Pliocene (5.2-4 MYA), when the oceans rose to about +100 m and the lowland regions and lower river valleys were flooded by marine water (Haq et al. 1987;Hughes et al. 2003). ...
Western Southeast Asia is hosting one of the world’s most diverse faunas, and one of the reasons for this huge diversity is the complex geologic past of the area, increasing the frequency of isolation and expansion events over evolutionary time scale. As an example case, the present study reveals the phylogeny and biogeographic history of the Paracanthocobitis zonalternans species complex, small benthic freshwater fish (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) that are commonly occurring across western Southeast Asia (from central Myanmar through western and southern Thailand to northern Malaysia). The group is particularly interesting since it occurs in three biogeographic subdivisions (Burmese, Indochinese, Malay/Sundaic) and across all of the major biogeographic barriers in the region. Basing on mitochondrial and nuclear sequence data of 93 samples from about 50 localities we found six major clades, most with exclusive geographic distribution. Divergence time dated the origin of the P. zonalternans species complex to early Miocene (17.8 MYA) and a biogeographic analysis identified the Tenasserim region as the ancestral region. From this region the fish spread during periods of lowered global sea level, particularly during late Miocene (11-8 MYA) northwards into all Burmese river basins and southwards into south Thailand and northern Malaysia. Besides lowered global sea level periods, local stream capture events allowed the complex to expand, e.g. into the Mae Klong basin. Strong fragmentations during periods with elevated sea level during the Pliocene and Pleistocene repeatedly restricted populations to refuges and shaped the observed major lineages. Our results document a higher diversity within the P. zonalternans species complex than formerly believed and a strong impact of global sea level on its evolutionary history. Low sea levels promoted dispersal and elevated sea levels fragmentation events. A very similar impact of sea level changes can be expected in all stationary fauna (freshwater and terrestrial) in all non-mountainous coastal regions worldwide.
... Schistura desmotes is restricted to the Mae Nam Ping basin (Page et al., 2012), quite distant from the type locality of S. myrmekia (Fig. 5). The population of Schistura sexcauda (Fowler 1937) in the Mae Khlong basin in Kanchanaburi Province in western Thailand, misidentified by Kottelat (1990) as S. desmotes, is much closer geographically to the locality of S. myrmekia, and presumably influenced the decision to synonymize the names of these two species. ...
Schistura myrmekia (Fowler 1935) was originally described from a single specimen collected from Keng Sok, southwestern Thailand. It was differentiated from a similar species, S. desmotes (Fowler 1934), by having four-rather than three-dark bands behind the dorsal fin, and the presence of a wart-like suborbital flap. Although S. myrmekia has since been placed in the synonymy of S. desmotes, it is distinguishable by the size and orientation of the suborbital flap, a much shorter maxillary barbel, and a more slender appearance. The holotype, the only known specimen of S. myrmekia, is redescribed and contrasted with other species of Schistura in southern Thailand. Schistura myrmekia is known only from the holotype, collected in an area that recently has been highly modified by human activities. Recent efforts to find the species have failed, and it is probably extinct.
... Schistura desmotes is restricted to the Mae Nam Ping basin (Page et al., 2012), quite distant from the type locality of S. myrmekia (Fig. 5). The population of Schistura sexcauda (Fowler 1937) in the Mae Khlong basin in Kanchanaburi Province in western Thailand, misidentified by Kottelat (1990) as S. desmotes, is much closer geographically to the locality of S. myrmekia, and presumably influenced the decision to synonymize the names of these two species. ...
Schistura myrmekia (Fowler 1935) was originally described from a single specimen collected from Keng Sok,
southwestern Thailand. It was differentiated from a similar species, S. desmotes (Fowler 1934), by having four—rather than three—dark bands behind the dorsal fin, and the presence of a wart-like suborbital flap. Although S. myrmekia has since been placed in the synonymy of S. desmotes, it is distinguishable by the size and orientation of the suborbital flap, a much shorter maxillary barbel, and a more slender appearance. The holotype, the only known specimen of S. myrmekia, is redescribed and contrasted with other species of Schistura in southern Thailand. Schistura myrmekia is known only from the holotype, collected in an area that recently has been highly modified by human activities. Recent efforts to find the species have failed, and it is probably extinct.
Fish species were collected by electrofishing from 96 sites, representing 79 species, in lightly exploited rivers in western Thailand. Significant chemical and physical environmental factors associated with species numbers and total fish abundance were identified using multiple linear regression. Total abundance correlated negatively with water depth and temperature (r = 0.4, p < 0.05), whereas species numbers correlated positively with river discharge and negatively with elevation (r = 0.6, p < 0.05). Chemical and physical factors that significantly influenced species distribution were determined using partial least squares regression analysis, (p < 0.05; axes 1, r = 0.8; axes 2, r = 0.85), and included elevation, river discharge, width and depth as well as ambient oxygen, alkalinity and pH. Fish were placed into four categories according to their habitat occupancy and abundance and termed; uncommon (54 species), common (16 species), even (8 species) and uneven (1 species), respectively.
A new loach, Schistura liyaiensis, is described from the upper reaches of the Barak River at Liyai village, Senapati District, Manipur, India. It is distinguished from its congeners in having a unique combination of characters: 7-9 brown saddles each continuing onto the flank and forming 7-8 broad to slightly narrow bars with a rounded ventral margin, incomplete lateral line, 4 simple and 8½ branched dorsal-fin rays, a black spot at the origin of dorsal fin, a black basicaudal bar, pectoral and pelvic fins sub-acuminate, respectively, with 10 and 7 rays, prominent processus dentiformis.
There are 3108 valid and named native fish species in the inland waters of
Southeast Asia between the Irrawaddy and Red River drainages, the small coastal drainages
between the Red River and Hainan, the whole Indochinese Peninsula, Andaman and Nicobar
Islands, Indonesia (excluding Papua Province, Waigeo, Aru [but Kai is included]), and the
Philippines. They belong to 137 families. Their taxonomy and nomenclature are reviewed. The
original descriptions of all 7047 recorded species-group names and 1980 genus-group names
have been checked in the original works for correct spelling, types, type locality and bibliographic references. The bibliography includes about 4700 titles. Synonymies are given, based on published information as well as unpublished observations.
The names of 49 introduced species and 347 extralimital taxa cited in the discussions have
also been checked. The original descriptions of all species not present in the covered area but
cited as type species of genera have been checked for availability, authorship, date and correct
spelling. The availability of some family-group names has been checked when there was suspicion of possible nomenclatural problems.
Bibliographic notes include new informations on the dates of publication of works by, among
others, Bleeker, Bloch, Heckel and Steindachner and discussion of authorship of names in various works.
