TABLE 9 - uploaded by Marcelo Melo
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Morphometric data of Kali colubrina (n=13) and K. falx (n=4). H means holotype and SD standard deviation.
Source publication
Kali Lloyd is a very distinctive group of bathypelagic fishes with fragile bones in the cranium and recurved teeth, which are remarkably enlarged in some species. The genus has a worldwide distribution, being found in the subtropical to equatorial regions of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific; one species is also found in the Southern Ocean. In this...
Citations
... The Chiasmodontidae, or swallowers (Figure 1), are a family of meso-and bathypelagic fishes, typically found under the subtropical gyres of the world ocean and best known for their ability to consume prey larger than themselves. Understanding of their taxonomy had been much confused but was substantially advanced though extensive studies early in the present century (Prokofiev and Kukuev 2005, 2006a, 2006b, 2006c, 2009Melo et al. 2007;Spitz et al. 2007;Melo 2008Melo , 2009Melo , 2010aMelo , 2010bMelo , 2017Prokofiev 2008Prokofiev , 2009Prokofiev , 2010Prokofiev , 2011aProkofiev , 2011bProkofiev , 2014aProkofiev , 2014bProkofiev , 2015Wiecaszek et al. 2011). However, that work left a major disagreement concerning the species within Chiasmodon. ...
... The sole Kali taken by the Gully surveys was similarly identified by the senior author using Melo's (2008) key. Three Pseudoscopelus specimens held at BIO were identified using the keys of Melo (2010a) and Prokofiev and Kukuev (2007), both leading to the same outcome, while the fourth specimen had previously been identified at the ARC. ...
... That specimen was a new record for Canada's Atlantic waters, though the species had previously been recorded from both Bear Seamount Moore, Vecchione et al. 2003;Moore et al. 2004;Melo 2009) and the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge , while one had been taken in Canadian Pacific waters, off Vancouver Island (DNA 'barcode' TZFPA027-06: Steinke et al. 2009). Kali indica is bathypelagic, with only a single known record from above 1000 m depth (Melo 2008). Thus, the Gully specimen's likely depth of capture accords with expectations. ...
A collection of swallowers (Chiasmodontidae) was examined in exploration of a contested specific distinction between Chiasmodon niger and C. harteli. The specimens had been taken during four midwater-trawl surveys in The Gully, a submarine canyon and Marine Protected Area (‘MPA’) off the coast of Nova Scotia. Vertebral counts, the principal feature proposed
for distinguishing the species, were derived from skeletal images prepared from computed tomography scans. All specimens available for study resembled the description of C. harteli
but their morphology was more varied than previously supposed. In addition, the species’ distribution within The Gully was described and the chiasmodontid component of the MPA’s biodiversity established, including the presence of Kali indicate a new record for Canada’s Atlantic waters.
... Development technologies used for prospecting life at deeper waters, such as closed-circuit rebreathers, manned submersibles, baited remote underwater stereo-videos and remotely operated the Brazilian coast) from 2015-2017, added to other independent initiatives from research groups carried out surveys to the midand upper continental slope, seamounts and oceanic islands has pointed out the high diversity in deep-sea regions even in extreme environmental conditions Viana et al., 2003;Coelho-Filho, 2006;Pezzuto et al., 2006;Serejo et al., 2007;Melo, 2008;Arana et al., 2009;Lavrado and Brasil, 2010;Oliveira et al., 2014;Bertrand, 2015Bertrand, , 2017Nielsen et al., 2015;Oliveira et al., 2015;Ferreira et al., 2016;Nunes et al., 2017;Mincarone et al., 2019;Cardoso et al., 2021). ...
In this paper the taxonomic composition, abundance, diversity and distribution of the deep-sea crustaceans collected from upper slope of Pernambuco, northeast Brazil, were described in order to provide baseline data for extend local fauna knowledge. Specimens were collected by standardized fishing sets with bottom baited traps between October 2014 to March 2018, at depths ranging from 200 to 600 m. Catch composition was consisted of 12 species (N = 690) distributed in two orders: Decapoda (57.8%) and Isopoda (42.2%). Five species were new occurrences to state of Pernambuco: three species of Cirolanidae (Bathynomus giganteus, B. miyarei and B. obtusus) and two of Paguroidea (Mixtopagurus paradoxus and Paguristes inconstans). It was observed a striking catch predominance of the soldier striped shrimp Plesionika edwardsii (CPUE 44.67 ind/trap) followed by giant isopod B. miyarei (CPUE 30.33 ind/trap) overall. In terms of latitudinal section, south coast presented the highest CPUE (10.26 ind/trap), and night period was most representative (8.58 ind/trap). Results reported herein contribute to understand abundance and distribution at depth and latitudinal features as also providing new records of deep-sea crustaceans from the state of Pernambuco.
... In addition to P. cordilluminatus, other 13 rare species of the Chiasmodontidae are reported from Brazilian waters Melo, 2008Melo, , 2009Melo, , 2010Séret & Andreata, 1992). Four of those species were also collected during the ABRACOS expeditions: Melo, 2009;Séret & Andreata, 1992), and another specimen (BMNH 1879.5.14.588, 50.6 Melo, 2008). ...
... In addition to P. cordilluminatus, other 13 rare species of the Chiasmodontidae are reported from Brazilian waters Melo, 2008Melo, , 2009Melo, , 2010Séret & Andreata, 1992). Four of those species were also collected during the ABRACOS expeditions: Melo, 2009;Séret & Andreata, 1992), and another specimen (BMNH 1879.5.14.588, 50.6 Melo, 2008). Johnson and Cohen (1974) also reported on a specimen of Kali normani (Parr 1931) from north-eastern Brazil. ...
... Johnson and Cohen (1974) also reported on a specimen of Kali normani (Parr 1931) from north-eastern Brazil. This species is now considered a junior synonym of K. kerberti (Melo, 2008) or a subspecies of K. kerberti restricted to the East Pacific (Prokofiev, 2014). Archipelago between depths of 650 and 1020 m (Figure 5b). ...
Here we report on new data on the occurrence and distribution of rare deep‐sea fishes (Teleostei) collected from off north‐eastern Brazil, including seamounts and oceanic islands of the Fernando de Noronha Ridge (Rocas Atoll and Fernando de Noronha Archipelago). Collections were made by the French RV Antea during the ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) expeditions between 29 September and 21 October 2015, and 9 April and 10 May 2017. Occurrences of Photostylus pycnopterus (Alepocephalidae), Gigantura chuni (Giganturidae), Ahliesaurus berryi (Notosudidae), Benthalbella infans, Rosenblattichthys hubbsi, Scopelarchoides danae (Scopelarchidae), Scopelengys tristis (Neoscopelidae), Zu cristatus (Trachipteridae), Stylephorus chordatus (Stylephoridae) and Pseudoscopelus cordilluminatus (Chiasmodontidae) are reported for the first time or confirmed in the Brazilian Exclusive Economic Zone. Photostylus pycnopterus and G. chuni are also recorded for the first time in the western South Atlantic, whereas records of P. cordilluminatus are the first in the western Atlantic. Other records of rare species of those families are also reported and discussed.
... Scientific expeditions conducted since the last decades of the 20 th century resulted in new records and new species descriptions of several groups of deep-sea fishes in Brazilian waters, substantially contributing to the understanding of this important component of the diversity in the western South Atlantic (e.g., Figueiredo et al., 2002;Melo, 2008;Santos and Figueiredo, 2008;Carvalho-Filho et al., 2010;Melo et al., 2010;Lima et al., 2011;Braga et al., 2014;Pinheiro et al., 2015;Eduardo et al., 2018Eduardo et al., , 2019aEduardo et al., , 2019bEduardo et al., , 2020aEduardo et al., , 2020bMincarone et al., 2019Mincarone et al., , 2020. However, knowledge on the deep-sea fish diversity of the western South Atlantic is still insufficient (Paxton, 1989;Mincarone et al., 2014;Nielsen et al., 2015;Reis et al., 2016). ...
Despite the increasing number of studies on the systematics of the Stephanoberycoidei (bigscales, pricklefishes, gibberfishes, hispidoberycids, and whalefishes) globally, knowledge about the diversity and distribution of the group in the western South Atlantic still remains fragmentary. In this study, we present new anatomical (meristic and morphometric) and distributional data for 18 species of the Stephanoberycoidei based on the examination of 150 specimens recently collected during the ABRACOS (Acoustics along the BRAzilian COaSt) expeditions off northeastern Brazil, including the Rocas Atoll, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, and the seamounts off Rio Grande do Norte State, and additional museum specimens. In the Melamphaidae, remarks on the taxonomy of Melamphaes polylepis and of the Poromitra crassiceps and P. megalops species groups are made based on specimens examined. In addition, Scopeloberyx opercularis, currently considered as a junior synonym of Scopeloberyx robustus, is recognized as a valid species. Among the species identified, nine have their distributions extended in the western South Atlantic based on confirmed records: Melamphaes polylepis, M. typhlops, Poromitra megalops, Poromitra sp., Scopeloberyx opercularis, Scopeloberyx opisthopterus, Scopelogadus mizolepis, Cetostoma regani, and Rondeletia loricata. Eight further species are reported for the first time in Brazilian waters: Cetomimus sp. 1, Cetomimus sp. 2, Ditropichthys storeri, Gyrinomimus bruuni, Melamphaes eulepis, M. leprus, M. longivelis, and Melamphaes sp. Additional remarks on the taxonomy and distribution of the Stephanoberycoidei in the western South Atlantic are also provided.
... Dysalotus MacGilchrist 1905 is a very distinctive member of the deep-sea fish family Chiasmodontidae and can be easily recognized within the family by the presence of enlarged, conspicuous prickles on the posterior half of the body, a ventral chin knob at the symphysis of the dentaries and a supramaxilla (Johnson & Cohen, 1974;Melo, 2008Melo, , 2009Melo, , 2010. The genus Dysalotus was erected by MacGilchrist (1905) to accommodate Dysalotus alcocki MacGilchrist 1905. ...
... The genus Dysalotus was erected by MacGilchrist (1905) to accommodate Dysalotus alcocki MacGilchrist 1905. Later, Norman (1929 described Dysalotus macrodon, but it was subsequently placed in the genus Kali Lloyd 1909 (Smith, 1965;Johnson, 1969;Melo, 2008). Johnson & Cohen (1974), mostly using material collected by the German R.V. Walter Herwig in the Atlantic Ocean, revised the genera Kali and Dysalotus, describing Dysalotus oligoscolus Johnson & Cohen 1974 and providing comprehensive osteological descriptions for both genera. ...
... Dysalotus and Kali are the two bathypelagic genera of the family Chiasmodontidae, which also includes the mesopelagic genera Chiasmodon and Pseudoscopelus (Melo, 2008(Melo, , 2009(Melo, , 2010. The three species of Dysalotus are more frequently found at depths from 1000 to 2500 m. ...
A new species of Dysalotus (family Chiasmodontidae) known only from off the Hawaiian archipelago is described here as Dysalotus pouliulii sp. nov. It differs from all other species of Dysalotus in having a greater number of teeth on the premaxilla (151–198 v . 60–138) and dentary (136–199 v. 76–132) and in a shorter upper jaw [51·9–54·9% of head length ( L H ) v. 62·4–74·4% L H ] and lower jaw (64·8–67·4% in L H v. 75·3–88·1% in L H ). A key for the species of Dysalotus and an updated distribution map are provided.
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:E9B5F1DC‐52E0‐4F53‐9109‐2A8E252AE8CE .
... Fishing surveys focused on the evaluation of biological parameters of fish stocks along the south-western Atlantic shelf and slope have led to significant improvements in the knowledge of the diversity and biology of deep-sea fishes. As result of these and similar initiatives, an impressive number of new distribution records has been provided and several new species were discovered in the past decade, covering a wide range of taxonomic groups, including Myxinidae (Mincarone, 2000;2001), Scyliorhinidae (Soares et al., 2015), Rajidae , Anguilliformes (Melo, 2007;Melo et al., 2009); Sternoptychidae (Lima et al., 2011), Chiasmodontidae (Melo, 2008), Ophidiiformes (Franco et al., 2007;Nielsen, 2009;Nielsen et al., 2009;Nielsen et al., 2015), Stephanoberyciformes (Mincarone et al., 2014), Gadiformes (Melo et al., 2010), Ipnopidae (Franco et al., 2009), Zoarcidae (Anderson & Mincarone, 2006;Mincarone & Anderson, 2008) and Bramidae . ...
The freshwater and marine fish faunas of South America are the most diverse on Earth, with current species richness estimates standing above 9100 species. In addition, over the last decade at least 100 species were described every year. There are currently about 5160 freshwater fish species, and the estimate for the freshwater fish fauna alone points to a final diversity between 8000 and 9000 species. South America also has c. 4000 species of marine fishes. The mega-diverse fish faunas of South America evolved over a period of >100 million years, with most lineages tracing origins to Gondwana and the adjacent Tethys Sea. This high diversity was in part maintained by escaping the mass extinctions and biotic turnovers associated with Cenozoic climate cooling, the formation of boreal and temperate zones at high latitudes and aridification in many places at equatorial latitudes. The fresh waters of the continent are divided into 13 basin complexes, large basins consolidated as a single unit plus historically connected adjacent coastal drainages, and smaller coastal basins grouped together on the basis of biogeographic criteria. Species diversity, endemism, noteworthy groups and state of knowledge of each basin complex are described. Marine habitats around South America, both coastal and oceanic, are also described in terms of fish diversity, endemism and state of knowledge. Because of extensive land use changes, hydroelectric damming, water divergence for irrigation, urbanization, sedimentation and overfishing 4-10% of all fish species in South America face some degree of extinction risk, mainly due to habitat loss and degradation. These figures suggest that the conservation status of South American freshwater fish faunas is better than in most other regions of the world, but the marine fishes are as threatened as elsewhere. Conserving the remarkable aquatic habitats and fishes of South America is a growing challenge in face of the rapid anthropogenic changes of the 21st century, and deserves attention from conservationists and policy makers.
... Fishing surveys performed in recent years along the Brazilian shelf and slope, focused mostly on the evaluation of biological variables of fish stocks, have led to significant improvements in the knowledge of the diversity and biology of deep-sea fishes of the western South Atlantic Ocean (Figueiredo et al., 2002;Bernardes et al., 2005;Costa et al., 2005Costa et al., , 2007bBonecker & Castro, 2006;Braga et al., 2014). Only a portion of the collections made during the surveys of the French R.V. Thalassa off central Brazilian coast (Costa et al., 2007b) was thoroughly examined, but dozens of new distributional records were provided and several new species were discovered in groups such as the Rajiformes (Carvalho et al., 2005(Carvalho et al., , 2006, Anguilliformes (Melo, 2007;Melo et al., 2009), Saccopharyngiformes (Melo et al., 2009), Aulopiformes (Franco et al., 2009), Gadiformes (Melo et al., 2010), Ophidiiformes (Franco et al., 2007;Nielsen, 2009;Nielsen et al., 2009), Stomiiformes (Lima et al., 2011) and Perciformes (Anderson & Mincarone, 2006;Melo, 2008;Mincarone & Anderson, 2008). Difficulties inherent to making collections from deep oceanic waters, however, imply that only a fragment of the diversity of deep-sea fishes is known in still relatively poorly sampled regions such as the south-western Atlantic Ocean. ...
The Stephanoberycoidei includes 23 genera and c. 94 species of deep-sea teleosts commonly known as bigscales, pricklefishes, gibberfishes and whalefishes. Stephanoberycoidei is one of the least known groups of deep-sea fishes, in spite of their apparent relative abundance in meso and bathypelagic depths. Nine species of the Stephanoberycoidei are reported here for the first time in Brazilian waters, and most of them represent new range extensions for the south-western Atlantic Ocean. Those species are Melamphaes polylepis, Melamphaes typhlops, Poromitra sp. and Scopeloberyx robustus (Melamphaidae), Acanthochaenus luetkenii and Stephanoberyx monae (Stephanoberycidae), Rondeletia bicolor and Rondeletia loricata (Rondeletiidae) and Gyrinomimus sp. (Cetomimidae). Occurrences of the pricklefish Scopelogadus mizolepis (Melamphaidae), the gibberfish Gibberichthys pumilus (Gibberichthyidae) and the velvet whalefish Barbourisia rufa (Barbourisiidae) are confirmed in the Brazilian exclusive economic zone, but previously published records of Poromitra capito and Melamphaes simus (Melamphaidae) in the region most likely represent misidentifications. Validities of the recently described Poromitra kukuevi and Poromitra indooceanica are discussed in light of new specimens of the genus collected in the south-western Atlantic Ocean. An identification key for the 13 species of Stephanoberycoidei reported off Brazil is also provided.
... Due to the heterodont and great diversity of teeth shape and size among the chiasmodontids, a specific terminology is introduced: cone tooth, long, sharp, unicuspid, triangular shaped tooth; flange, sharp, cutting edge on tooth crown that transverses the tooth apex; fang, remarkably elongated, unicuspid, triangular shaped tooth, easily distinguished from other teeth because of its enlarged size; and canine an enlarged, well-developed unicuspid tooth, with a type 1 attachment. The canines differ from fangs by their function and position: canines seem to function to hold the prey, are completely ankylosed to bone, and remain exposed when mouth is closed; fangs seem to be used to perforate prey, are loosely attached with the type 4 ligament in Chiasmodon, or ventral attachment to bone in Kali (Melo, 2008). Dentition is presented followed by the number of specimens counted, mode or median, when mode is not possible to be obtained. ...
... The development of dentition in Chiasmodon differs from the other genera in the family by the fact that dentition is fully developed in very small specimens, as small as 20.0 mm SL. The genus Kali has a distinctive gargaropteron larval stage, which undergoes a drastic transformation before acquiring the very different characteristics of adults at about 50.0 mm SL (Hardy, 2005Hardy, , 2007 Melo, 2008 ). Juveniles of Pseudoscopelus and Dysalotus resemble the adults externally, except that tooth rows are not completely formed until specimens reach about 45.0 mm SL (Melo, pers. ...
... ''Seven branchiostegals'' (p. 203).?Kali is diagnosed by having six branchiostegal rays, while all other chiasmodontids have seven (Melo, 2008). ''Depressible hinged fangs in two rows, ( . . . ) in both jaws'' (p. ...
Pseudoscopelus Lütken is a genus of meso- and bathypelagic fishes with a worldwide distribution. The genus is the most diversified within the family Chiasmodontidae, containing 16 valid species, three of which are described herein as new: Pseudoscopelus scriptus Lütken, from the western Central and North Atlantic; P. sagamianus Tanaka, from the Eastern Pacific and Indian Ocean; P. altipinnis Parr, widely distributed in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans; P. cephalus Fowler, only known from the type locality in the Indo-Pacific; P. obtusifrons Fowler, from the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; P. scutatus Krefft, widely distributed in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans; P. aphos Prokofiev and Kukuev, from the western North Atlantic; P. parini Prokofiev and Kukuev, from the western Central Pacific to Hawaiian islands; P. astronesthidens Prokofiev and Kukuev, from the North Atlantic; P. australis Prokofiev and Kukuev, widely distribution in the southern parts of the Atlantic, Indian, Pacific Oceans, and in the Southern Ocean; P. pierbartus Spitz, Quéro and Vayne, from the North Atlantic and western South Atlantic; P. bothrorrhinos Melo, Walker Jr. and Klepadlo, from the western Pacific and Indian Ocean; P. lavenbergi Melo, Walker Jr. and Klepadlo, from the western North, western Central and western South Atlantic, P. paxtoni new species, from the western South Pacific; P. cordilluminatus new species, from the Indian Ocean and eastern South Atlantic; and P. odontoglossum new species, from the Central Pacific. Herein, Pseudoscopelus stellatus is placed in synonymy of P. scriptus; P. albeolus, in synonymy of P. australis; and P. vityazi, in synonymy of P. parini. Pseudoscopelus microps is confirmed as a junior synonym of P. altipinnis. A key to the species of Pseudoscopelus is provided as well as updated diagnoses, redescriptions, areas and distribution maps, based on extensive examination of collection material and comparison with type specimens.
... It is of this holobathypelagic group that our global species inventory is particularly incomplete. Recent species descriptions of these taxa rival the South American ostariophysans in frequency among all fishes (e.g., Kukuev, 2005, 2006; Pietsch and Baldwin, 2006; Melo et al., 2007; Pietsch, 2007; Melo, 2008), and far eclipse the ostariophysans in terms of frequency relative to the species number of their taxon. This reconfirms the notion of Robison (2004) that the bathypelagial is among the least known habitats on Earth in terms of biodiversity and community structure. ...
The diversity, abundance and distribution of pelagic fishes from 0-5000 m in the Sargasso Sea, northwestern Atlantic Ocean, were investigated, with primary focus on fishes between 1000-5000 m. A large-volume, fine-mesh (335-μm), discrete-depth sampling system was used to sample the latter strata in 1000-m intervals. Species composition and total biomass of fishes collected in these strata were compared with samples taken 0-1000 m using a smaller midwater trawl. Samples were collected in association with the Census of Marine Zooplankton at-sea DNA-sequencing effort, allowing the determination of genetic barcodes of taxa for which species descriptions do not currently exist (e.g., many male ceratioid anglerfishes). A total of 3965 fish specimens were collected, representing minimally 127 species (84 genera), from 42 families. The bristlemouth, Cyclothone braueri, dominated the catches both above (47%) and below (41%) 1000 m. The Myctophidae and Stomiidae were the most species-rich taxa, while the deep-sea anglerfish suborder Ceratioidei was the most diverse bathypelagic taxon. Thirty species of fish were sequenced and data submitted to GenBank. New Ocean Biogeographic Information System location records for the Saragasso Sea were logged for 84 fish species. Hydrographic data revealed separation of the region into three physical regimes within the top 1000 m (northern, transition, and southern), while the sub-1000 m stratum was fairly homogeneous. Though species richness, abundance, and diversity were highest in the southern Sargasso, diversity indices of whole water column (0-5000 m) samples were not significantly different between regions. Below 1000 m, the 1000-2000 m stratum held the most diverse assemblage across the entire transect, but high diversity was exhibited below 3000 m at two of four stations. Ordination discriminated 13 pelagic fish assemblages, with these related to depth far more than region. Geometric abundance class analysis revealed profound differences in relative species abundances between the meso- and bathypelagic zones with the former demonstrating a much higher percentage of common species. This finding tracks the hydrographic patterns observed: increased stability in the bathypelagic zone favors increased numbers of rare species relative to the mesopelagic zone, where hydrographic complexity favors higher numbers of common species.
... The genus Kali is a member of the deep-sea fish family Chiasmodontidae with seven valid species. A taxonomic revision of Kali was recently conducted by Melo (2008), which included the description of two new species: K. colubrina and K. falx. I was unaware that parallel to that revision, Prokofiev (2008) was describing K. caribbaea. ...
... The genus Kali is remarkable among the chiasmodontids for its specialized dentition with a unique kind of tooth attachment (Melo, 2008). The species of Kali can be promptly distinguished from each other by their great variety of tooth shape, size and number, varying from small, numerous, and recurved teeth to few, enlarged fangs which do not allow the mouth to completely close. ...
... Establishment of the date of publication of Kali caribbeae Prokofiev, 2008 and K. colubrina Melo, 2008. Kali colubrina was published by Melo (2008) in the New Zealand journal Zootaxa, Volume 1747, which has the specific date of publication as April 18, 2008. ...
The genus Kali is a member of the deep-sea fish family Chiasmodontidae with seven valid species. A taxonomic revision of Kali was recently conducted by Melo (2008), which included the description of two new species: K. colubrina and K. falx. I was unaware that parallel to that revision, Prokofiev (2008) was describing K. caribbaea. Both publications were published during a very short time interval. Upon having access to Prokofiev (2008), it became clear that K. colubrina and K. caribbaea are actually synonyms. After further investigation about the date of publication of both works, K. colubrina Melo, 2008 is herein placed as the senior synonym of K. caribbaea Prokofiev, 2008.
