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Morphology of Stenophora draconis sp.n. A -gamonts; B -anterior end of gamont; Cprotomerite, SEM; D -retracted protomerite, SEM; E -spherical nucleus with an eccentric round nucleolus. Abbreviations: d -deutomerite; N -nucleus; n -nucleolus; p -protomerite; s -septum. Scale bars: A -200 µm; B -20 µm; C -20 µm; D -5 µm; E -5 µm.
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... оси; DWM -максимальная ширина дейтомерита; DWE -ширина дейтомерита по экваториальной оси; n -количество особей. Рис. 2. Морфология Stenophora draconis sp.n. A -гамонты; B -передний конец гамонта; C -протомерит, SEM; D -втянутый протомерит, SEM; E -сферическое ядро с эксцентричным округлым ядрышком. Stenophora draconis Miroliubova sp.n. Fig. ...
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... were found in the intestine of two out of three dissected dragon millipedes Hylomus (Desmoxytes) pilosus Attems, 1937. Oblong gregarines reached 817.8 µm in length (av. 635.8 ± 13.8 µm) and 79.4 µm in width (av. 45.8 ± 2 µm) with elongate deutomerite and relatively short protomerite ( Fig. 2A). Shallowly pyriform or dome-shaped protomerite had a small papilla at its apex (Fig. 2B, ...
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... of two out of three dissected dragon millipedes Hylomus (Desmoxytes) pilosus Attems, 1937. Oblong gregarines reached 817.8 µm in length (av. 635.8 ± 13.8 µm) and 79.4 µm in width (av. 45.8 ± 2 µm) with elongate deutomerite and relatively short protomerite ( Fig. 2A). Shallowly pyriform or dome-shaped protomerite had a small papilla at its apex (Fig. 2B, ...
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... cells and host material fixed in ethanol have been deposited in the collection of The Center for Parasitology IPEE RAS; cells fixed in 96% ethanol deposited in the collection of the Department of evolutionary biochemistry, Belozersky Institute for Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University; Fig. 2 (this publication) shows some of the ...
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... and gamonts were found in the intestine of 18 out of 20 dissected millipedes PachyThickened septum provided retraction of protomerite (Fig. 2B, D). Gregarines had a spherical nucleus with an eccentric round nucleolus (Fig. 2E). The cell surface was organized in the epicytic folds that start from the apical pole on the protomerite papilla and divide twice on the protomerite (Fig. 2C, D). Parasites demonstrated gliding motility. Detailed measurements of the gregarines are given in ...
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... and gamonts were found in the intestine of 18 out of 20 dissected millipedes PachyThickened septum provided retraction of protomerite (Fig. 2B, D). Gregarines had a spherical nucleus with an eccentric round nucleolus (Fig. 2E). The cell surface was organized in the epicytic folds that start from the apical pole on the protomerite papilla and divide twice on the protomerite (Fig. 2C, D). Parasites demonstrated gliding motility. Detailed measurements of the gregarines are given in Table 1 Рис. 4. Морфология Stenophora pachyiuli sp.n. A -молодой трофозоит; B ...
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... intestine of 18 out of 20 dissected millipedes PachyThickened septum provided retraction of protomerite (Fig. 2B, D). Gregarines had a spherical nucleus with an eccentric round nucleolus (Fig. 2E). The cell surface was organized in the epicytic folds that start from the apical pole on the protomerite papilla and divide twice on the protomerite (Fig. 2C, D). Parasites demonstrated gliding motility. Detailed measurements of the gregarines are given in Table 1 Рис. 4. Морфология Stenophora pachyiuli sp.n. A -молодой трофозоит; B -трофозоит; C -гамонты; D -протомерит, SEM; E -овальное ядро с эксцентричным округлым ядрышком; F -гамонты с сокращенной передней частью ...
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... Stenophoroidea clade III (PP = 1 and BP = 99%) mainly consisted of the short V4 region sequences from Heger et al. (Heger et al., 2018) and included gregarine 2 from Cylindroiulus sp. The Stenophoroidea clade IV (PP = 1 and BP = 100%) contained Stenophora robusta, Stenophora pachyiuli sp.n., gregarine 3 ex Cylindroiulus sp., a parasite of Uroblaniulus sp., and several environmental sequences mainly from Jamy et al. (Jamy et al., 2020). In the phylogenies, the clades branch sequentially from the Stenophoroidea stem, forming assemblages of clades III and IV (PP = 1 and BP = 81%), and clades II-IV (PP = 0.97 and BP = 53%). ...
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... Gametocyst protoplasm samples provide a more pragmatic source of genomic DNA than do samples from other life cycle stages. Trophozoites and gamonts have been used successfully by many authors (Leander et al., 2003;Rueckert and Leander, 2008;Clopton, 2009;Simdyanov et al., 2015;Diakin et al., 2016;Miroliubova et al., 2023), but these ontogenetic stages are subject to contamination, require significant effort to obtain material for a single pooled extraction, and produce mixed species extractions when morphologically similar species infecting the same host are accidentally pooled. The folded nature of the pellicle makes it difficult to clean all of the host cells and luminal debris from individual specimens, providing a problematic source of host and other non-target DNA. ...
... All new sequences were obtained using the primers and methods detailed above. Sequences representing the Stenophoroidea and Stylocephaloidea were included as outgroups to root the tree based on existing phylogenic estimates for the group (Clopton, 2009;Miroliubova et al., 2023). ...
... The phylogeny demonstrates the polyphyletic nature of Gregarina, which comprises 4 sister groups in the coleopteran-exploiting clade and 1 orthopteran-exploiting clade within Gregarinoidea. Earlier analyses (Clopton, 2009;Clopton and Clopton, 2022;Miroliubova et al., 2023) recovered similar topologies indicating the polyphyletic nature of Gregarina, and some taxonomic corrections have already been made. Amoebogregarina was removed from Gregarina by Kula and Clopton (1999). ...
Gregarina lutescens n. sp. is described from the alimentary canal of the harlequin ladybird or multicolored Asian lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) collected from prairie fleabane, Erigeron strigosus, at Peru State College, Peru, Nemaha Co., Nebraska. Our specimens differ from all 11 known species of Gregarina infecting coccinellid beetles worldwide by differences in size and relative shape, color, and association structure. Gregarina lutescens n. sp. is smaller than 7 known species infecting coccinellid beetles but larger than the other 4 known species based on confidence interval exclusion of means. Our specimens are unique among known species of interest in their quince-yellow cytoplasm and precocious but ephemeral serial associations of up to 5 satellites. Nucleotide sequence (18S) phylogenetic analyses place the new species basal to a member of an internal clade of Gregarina that comprises gregarines parasitizing chrysomelid beetles. Phylogenetically, the analysis recovered 3 major lineages within the gregarines, representing the superfamilies Gregarinoidea, Stenophoroidea, and Stylocephaloidea and indicating the propensity of gregarines to track host lineages and environments through evolutionary time. These findings confirm the polyphyletic nature of Gregarina, which currently comprises over 300 described species, only a handful of which have documented genetic sequences suitable for phylogenetic analysis. Recollection, redescription, and molecular clarification of gregarine species infecting coccinellids would likely result in identification of a unique clade that would be an excellent system for studying the effect of intraguild host competition on parasite diversification and community structure. Ecologically, patterns of prevalence in this study indicate that G. lutescens reproduces primarily in larval hosts but depends on infections in adult beetles to overwinter, reflecting the differential vagility and frost tolerance of larval and adult host life cycle stages.
