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Morphology of Campomanesia xanthocarpa, C. reitziana and C. littoralis fruits, seeds and embryo. a External aspect of the fruit; b seeds; c longitudinal cut of the seeds showing the embryo. Chalice (CHA); Seed coat (SC); Hypocotyl (H); Cotyledons (C); Radicle (R)
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Key message
Campomanesia spp produce seeds with high viability and vigor which are tolerant to desiccation but not to cold temperature.
Abstract
The genus Campomanesia has ecological and economic importance in the Atlantic Forest, but 19 of its species are on the red list of threatened species of the International Union for Conservation of Nature...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... mature fruits of C. xanthocarpa, C. reitziana and C. littoralis are an indehiscent intense yellow berry, with a round shape, fleshy consistency, smooth surface and a persistent chalice (CHA) (Fig. 1a). The seeds were ex-albuminous, reniform-shaped, with a rounded base and apex and a lateral recess for all three species (Fig. 1b). The seed coat (SC) is thin with morphology verrucose-glandulose (Fig. 1b). The entire seed consists mainly of the swollen spiral hypocotyl (H) covering the two small cotyledons (C), which remain folded in ...Context 2
... mature fruits of C. xanthocarpa, C. reitziana and C. littoralis are an indehiscent intense yellow berry, with a round shape, fleshy consistency, smooth surface and a persistent chalice (CHA) (Fig. 1a). The seeds were ex-albuminous, reniform-shaped, with a rounded base and apex and a lateral recess for all three species (Fig. 1b). The seed coat (SC) is thin with morphology verrucose-glandulose (Fig. 1b). The entire seed consists mainly of the swollen spiral hypocotyl (H) covering the two small cotyledons (C), which remain folded in the middle of the seed (Fig. ...Context 3
... C. littoralis are an indehiscent intense yellow berry, with a round shape, fleshy consistency, smooth surface and a persistent chalice (CHA) (Fig. 1a). The seeds were ex-albuminous, reniform-shaped, with a rounded base and apex and a lateral recess for all three species (Fig. 1b). The seed coat (SC) is thin with morphology verrucose-glandulose (Fig. 1b). The entire seed consists mainly of the swollen spiral hypocotyl (H) covering the two small cotyledons (C), which remain folded in the middle of the seed (Fig. ...Context 4
... were ex-albuminous, reniform-shaped, with a rounded base and apex and a lateral recess for all three species (Fig. 1b). The seed coat (SC) is thin with morphology verrucose-glandulose (Fig. 1b). The entire seed consists mainly of the swollen spiral hypocotyl (H) covering the two small cotyledons (C), which remain folded in the middle of the seed (Fig. ...Context 5
... littoralis had the smallest fruits (mean of 1300 mg of FW and 250 mg of DW) and seeds (mean of 29.07 mg of FW and 22.3 mg of DW); (Table 1; Fig. 1a-b), and these were significantly smaller than C. xanthocarpa and C. reitziana (Table 1). C. xanthocarpa had the largest and the heaviest fruits and seeds in terms of FW (5972 and 61.36 mg, respectively) and DW (1488 and 36.13 mg, respectively); (Table 1; Fig. 1a-b). The three species showed between 6 and 8 seeds per fruit, however, not ...Context 6
... FW and 250 mg of DW) and seeds (mean of 29.07 mg of FW and 22.3 mg of DW); (Table 1; Fig. 1a-b), and these were significantly smaller than C. xanthocarpa and C. reitziana (Table 1). C. xanthocarpa had the largest and the heaviest fruits and seeds in terms of FW (5972 and 61.36 mg, respectively) and DW (1488 and 36.13 mg, respectively); (Table 1; Fig. 1a-b). The three species showed between 6 and 8 seeds per fruit, however, not all seeds were full (seed coat + embryo). C. reitziana produced fruits with lower numbers of full seeds (Table 1), e.g., two seeds. On the other hand, C. xanthocarpa and C. littoralis produced fruits with four full seeds. For the C. xanthocarpa, seed presented a ...Context 7
... results for C. reitziana and C. littoralis are also similar to C. adamantium, where the storage of seeds at high temperature and high moisture content resulted in the germination of seeds during storage ( Melchior et al. 2006). Additionally, during storage in some seeds, there is a breakdown in the coordination of metabolism, leading to uncontrolled oxidative damage that ultimately leads to seed death (Marcos-Filho 2015). ...Citations
The present work aimed to determine the fatty acid (FA) composition of seed oils of Campomanesia (Myrtaceae), a genus with approximately 45 species restricted to South America. The work aimed also to evaluate the systematic bearing of FA profiles, as well as their degree of congruence with phylogeny. Seeds of Psidium guajava and seven species of Campomanesia were collected from at least two individuals from distinct populations. The seed oils were extracted and the methyl esters of the FA were analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Nucleotide sequences from GenBank of the same species, regarding the internal transcribed spacer of ribosomal DNA (ITS), were used for phylogenetic analysis. Seed FA profiles were distinct, comparing Campomanesia and Psidium guajava; linoleic acid predominates in the seed oil of the latter species, while saturated and mono-unsaturated FA predominate in the seed oil of Campomanesia. A high similarity of FA profiles was noted, when comparing specimens of the same species. With few exceptions, cluster and principal component analyses based on FA profiles were congruent with phylogeny based on ITS sequences. Distribution of seed FA supports the non-monophyletic status of the “C. xanthocarpa complex”. Reconstruction of ancestral character states revealed distinct evolutionary trajectories of FA profiles toward differentiation of Campomanesia clades, all of them leading to decreased proportions of unsaturated FA.
