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![Morphology and growth habit of the varieties of Rhynchosia densiflora. (a) R. densiflora subsp. chrysadenia var. chrysadenia [Meyer 4644 (PRE)]; (b) R. densiflora subsp. chrysadenia var. connata [Franks 12501 (NH)].](profile/Thulisile-Jaca/publication/325856160/figure/fig1/AS:639285707419649@1529428998678/Morphology-and-growth-habit-of-the-varieties-of-Rhynchosia-densiflora-a-R-densiflora.png)
Morphology and growth habit of the varieties of Rhynchosia densiflora. (a) R. densiflora subsp. chrysadenia var. chrysadenia [Meyer 4644 (PRE)]; (b) R. densiflora subsp. chrysadenia var. connata [Franks 12501 (NH)].
Source publication
Background: Rhynchosia section Arcyphyllum is one of the five sections of Rhynchosia as currently circumscribed. Previous studies in South Africa placed two species of Rhynchosia in this section. Some authors treated the species as a group rather than a section, to avoid phytogeographical confusion because the section is based on the North American...
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Context 1
... of the R. densiflora group are characterised by mostly twining, erect or prostrate stems and unifoliolate or trifoliolate leaves, although the South African taxa are exclusively trifoliolate. Plants are vigorous climbing, procumbent or ascending perennial herbs, 0.2 m -8.0 m long. Stems are slender, firm-herbaceous, shortly pubescent to densely grey-pilose and glandular (Figure 1). Leaflet shape ranges from elliptic-ovate, rhomboidal to rhomboidal-ovate or almost round. In R. densiflora subsp. chrysadenia and R. densiflora subsp. connata, the terminal leaflets are elliptic- ovate, rhombic-ovate, obtuse to subacute or apiculate, whereas the lateral leaflets are acute or apiculate, oblique, rounded to cuneate at the base. The vestiture is finely scaly pubescent on the midrib and other veins to softly pubescent on both sides of the leaflets, and both surfaces of the leaflets are covered with small orange glands although these are more abundant on the upper surface ( Figure 2). SEM micrographs and cross sections of the leaf revealed that these glands are bulky-capitate and are located in depressions of the epidermis (Figure 3). Cross sections of the petiole of R. densiflora subsp. chrysadenia revealed that the petiole has a somewhat irregular shape with orbicular epidermal cells and a ring of five isolated bundles (Figure ...
Context 2
... of the R. densiflora group are characterised by mostly twining, erect or prostrate stems and unifoliolate or trifoliolate leaves, although the South African taxa are exclusively trifoliolate. Plants are vigorous climbing, procumbent or ascending perennial herbs, 0.2 m -8.0 m long. Stems are slender, firm-herbaceous, shortly pubescent to densely grey-pilose and glandular (Figure 1). Leaflet shape ranges from elliptic-ovate, rhomboidal to rhomboidal-ovate or almost round. In R. densiflora subsp. chrysadenia and R. densiflora subsp. connata, the terminal leaflets are elliptic- ovate, rhombic-ovate, obtuse to subacute or apiculate, whereas the lateral leaflets are acute or apiculate, oblique, rounded to cuneate at the base. The vestiture is finely scaly pubescent on the midrib and other veins to softly pubescent on both sides of the leaflets, and both surfaces of the leaflets are covered with small orange glands although these are more abundant on the upper surface ( Figure 2). SEM micrographs and cross sections of the leaf revealed that these glands are bulky-capitate and are located in depressions of the epidermis (Figure 3). Cross sections of the petiole of R. densiflora subsp. chrysadenia revealed that the petiole has a somewhat irregular shape with orbicular epidermal cells and a ring of five isolated bundles (Figure ...
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Phedimus individuals from Mt. Daeam, once referred to as Phedimus sikokianus, exhibit certain morphological characters that are unique within the genus. Phedimus is one of the most notorious groups for taxo-nomic problems due to the high morphological variation found in leaf shape, stem numbers, phyllotaxis and seed structure. Taxa in Phedimus also...
Citations
... Rhynchosia densiflora (Roth) DC is a small climber belongs to Fabaceae family, which is widely distributed in Africa and India and reported for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (5). Considering the merits of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, drugs can be incorporated into this controlled release system, to develop a floating dosage form. ...
Peptic ulcer is one of the most common gastrointestinal problems diagnosed all over the world. The aim of the present study is to develop floating microballoons of Rhynchosia densiflora (Roth) DC leaf extract and to evaluate its peptic ulcer activity. An ethanolic extract of R. densiflora (Roth) DC leaves was prepared by Soxhlet extraction and subjected to phytochemical analysis. Microballoons loaded with ethanolic extract of R. densiflora leaf were developed by solvent evaporation method and characterized by optical microscopy, floating time, and release characteristics. Acute oral toxicity study of microballons was carried out following OECD guidelines 423 and antiulcer activity was performed by pylorus ligation, indo-methacin and cystamine induced duodenal ulcer methods. R. densiflora extract was found to contain glyco-sides, proteins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, tannins and saponins. The particle size of microballoons of R. densiflora extract was found to be in the range of 300 μm. Acute toxicity studies of microballoons did not produce any toxic symptoms and mortality in animals, hence 100 and 200 mg/kg concentrations were selected to screen antiulcer activity. Both the doses showed significant gastric ulcer healing effect and gastric antisecretory effect in pylorus ligated rats, gastric cytoprotective effect in indomethacin induced gastric ulcer and also produced a significant reduction in duodenal ulcers. Dose of 200 mg/kg showed highly significant antiulcer activity than 100 mg/kg. Thus, it is concluded that floating microballoons loaded with R. densiflora extract significantly reduced gastric acid secretion, increased healing of gastric ulcers and also prevent the duodenal ulcers in rats.
Rhynchosia is the largest genus in the subtribe Cajaninae, tribe Phaseoleae. Due to the lack of a recent taxonomic revision in the genus, the species are poorly known and as a result, are difficult to identify. As part of our ongoing taxonomic studies on the genus in southern Africa, this paper presents a comparative study of vegetative and floral morphological variation in the 47 species currently recognised in the type section Rhynchosia in the region. This is with a view to provide useful diagnostic morphological characters that can be used to correctly identify species in the type section and in other sections. The study used morphological data from field observation, herbarium specimens, and literature. Stems, leaves, and floral structures were examined with a dissecting microscope. A stereoscope with a camera lucida attachment was used to draw the reproductive morphology. Although morphological characters seem to overlap between the sections, characters such as leaflets size, type of indumentum on leaflet surfaces, stipules shape, type and length of inflorescences, presence or absence of indumentum on standard petals, presence and absence of sculpturing on wing petals, as well as length of upper lobes of the calyx are useful in identifying species.
A newsletter to promote communication among research scientists concerned with the systematics of the Leguminosae/Fabaceae Issue 65, Year 2018 CONTENT Page
Comparative studies on the structure of foliar anatomy in four species of Rhynchosia from Roraima state (northern Brazilian Amazon) were carried out to identify additional morphological characters to support the definition of the systematic boundaries among the species. Fully expanded leaves, including the petioles, were collected from the upper nodes of a plant’s stem. Anatomical characters were observed in cross-sections of the middle portion of leaflets and petiole segments. Presence and distribution of glandular trichomes, continuity of sclerenchyma around the vascular bundles in leaflet blades and the conformation of the area between the two ridges of petioles were important characters to distinguish among the species of Rhynchosia. For the first time we report a distinct multicellular gland-like structure which we found in the petioles of three species.
