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Monstera costaricensis. (A) Adult individual. (B) Markedly undulate petiole sheath reaching to the base of the leaf blade. (C) Developing infructescence with warty peduncle and persistent cataphyll (arrow). (D) Infructescence with pyramidal and conical styles. Photographs: M. Cedeño-Fonseca.
Source publication
Four species are documented for the first time for the Costa Rican flora: Anthurium curvispadix, Anthurium palosecense, Monstera integrifolia, Monstera spruceana. Two species are first documented for the Panamanian flora: Monstera costaricensis and Monstera epipremnoides.
Similar publications
Monstera gentryi from Panama and M. mittermeieri from Costa Rica are newly described, illustrated and compared with M. oreophila. The differences between the novelties and similar species are presented and an amended description of M. oreophila is provided. Resumen: Monstera gentryi de Panamá y M. mittermeieri de Costa Rica se describen como nuevas...
Citations
... The morphological features manifest on herbarium specimens are often inadequate for characterization and identification, due to the large size of the plants and their extreme intraspecific variation (Grayum 2003). Madison (1977) believed that Panama had the highest diversity of Monstera species, but recent studies (e.g., Cedeño-Fonseca et al. 2018, 2020a, 2020b, 2020c, 2020d have elevated Costa Rica, with 32 accepted species of Monstera, to first place in this category. However, field work in Panama during 2016-2019, as part of an ongoing revision of Monstera for the Mesoamerican region (Croat et al., in prep.), has revealed the four new species here described, raising the Panamanian total for the genus to 29 species. ...
Monstera bocatorensis Croat & M.Cedeño, Monstera donosoensis Croat,
M.Cedeño & O.Ortiz, Monstera gigas Croat, Zuluaga, M.Cedeño & O.Ortiz, and Monstera
titanum Croat, M.Cedeño & O.Ortiz are newly described from Panama, and illustrated
from living material.
... Three of those new species are described below; two of them are under imminent threat from the encroachment of coffee plantations. Some other novelties have been published elsewhere (Cedeño-Fonseca et al. 2018, 2020b. ...
Monstera alfaroi Croat & M. Cedeño, M. tarrazuensis Croat & M. Cedeño and M. wilsoniensis M. Cedeño & Grayum, all apparently endemic to central and southern Costa Rica at middle elevations on the Pacific slope, are described as new species. Monstera alfaroi is characterized by having warty light brown petioles with undulate sheaths, very large adult leaves and inflorescences with warty peduncles, and externally light green spathes. Monstera tarrazuensis is characterized by its smooth, light green petioles with white dots and deciduous sheaths, coriaceous, entire leaf blades and inflorescences on hanging stems. Monstera wilsoniensis is characterized by its deciduous petiole sheaths, cordate or subcordate, weakly or not fenestrated leaf blades with entire margins and numerous primary lateral veins, and inflorescences in ascending or hanging stems. The three novelties are compared, respectively, with M. buseyi Croat & Grayum, M. luteynii Madison and M. adansonii Schott, and all are illustrated with color photos of living material.
... Monstera, a climbing aroid genus best known for its often perforated leaf blades, remains rather poorly understood in the Neotropics as a whole, though progress has recently been made for Mexico and Central America (Grayum 2003;Cedeño-Fonseca 2019;Cedeño-Fonseca et al. 2018, 2020a, 2020b, including the recent publication of several new species in the region: (Cedeño-Fonseca et al. 2018;Zuluaga & Cameron 2018;Cedeño et al. 2020b;Díaz-Jiménez et al. 2020). Costa Rica and Panama are the centre of diversity of the genus, principally in the Talamanca mountain range below 2300 m elevation (Madison 1977;Cedeño-Fonseca et al. 2020a), and particularly the Caribbean slope. ...
... Monstera, a climbing aroid genus best known for its often perforated leaf blades, remains rather poorly understood in the Neotropics as a whole, though progress has recently been made for Mexico and Central America (Grayum 2003;Cedeño-Fonseca 2019;Cedeño-Fonseca et al. 2018, 2020a, 2020b, including the recent publication of several new species in the region: (Cedeño-Fonseca et al. 2018;Zuluaga & Cameron 2018;Cedeño et al. 2020b;Díaz-Jiménez et al. 2020). Costa Rica and Panama are the centre of diversity of the genus, principally in the Talamanca mountain range below 2300 m elevation (Madison 1977;Cedeño-Fonseca et al. 2020a), and particularly the Caribbean slope. ...
... long-acuminate at the apex). Monstera alcirana is the fourth diminutive species of Monstera in Central America, together with M. minimaMadison, M. obliqua Miq., and the recently published species M. gambensis M.Cedeño & M.A.Blanco (Cedeño-Fonseca et al. 2020b). Monstera alcirana differs from the latter species in having a smooth petiole (vs. ...
Monstera alcirana, endemic to Panamá, is described and illustrated using a color plate based on photographs of the vegetative and reproductive structures of living material. This species is the fourth of the very small species of Monstera in Central America. It is morphologically similar to M. obliqua, M. minima and M. gambensis but differs by has short internodes, thickly coriaceous blade and peduncle longer than the length of the leaf.
... As part of an ongoing revision of Monstera of Central America (Cedeño-Fonseca 2019, Croat et al. in prep.), several new country records, erroneously synonymized names, and undescribed species from Costa Rica, have been detected (e.g., Cedeño-Fonseca et al. 2018, 2020a, 2020b, 2020c. Two of those new species are described and illustrated here. ...
Two species of Monstera, apparently endemic to Costa Rica, are newly described and illustrated. Monstera juliusii occurs in the southern Costa Rican portion of the Cordillera de Talamanca at 1600-2250 m, and has been confused with M. standleyana in herbaria. Monstera monteverdensis occurs in the Guanacaste and Tilarán cordilleras, and the northwestern part of the Cordillera Central, at 500-2300 m, and has been confused with M. epipremnoides, M. lentii and M. lechleriana in herbaria. Phenology and suggested conservation categories according to the IUCN Red List criteria are indicated for both new taxa.
Dos especies de Monstera, aparentemente endémicas de Costa Rica, son descritas e ilustradas. Monstera juliusii se distribuye al sur de la parte costarricense de la Cordillera de Talamanca, a 1600-2250 m, y ha sido confundida con M. standleyana en herbarios. Monstera monteverdensis se distribuye en las cordilleras de Guanacaste y de Tilarán, y en la parte noroeste de la Cordillera Central, a 500-2300 m, y ha sido confundida con M. epipremnoides, M. lentii y M. lechleriana en herbarios. Se brinda la fenología y se sugieren categorías de conservación de acuerdo a los criterios de la Lista Roja de UICN para ambos taxones.
... The Central American region harbors about 780 species of Araceae in 23 genera, with species diversity mainly concentrated in Costa Rica and Panama . In Costa Rica, Grayum (2003) reported 20 genera and 249 species, and after this publication, the number of species has increased to 262, mainly due to the works published on Anthurium Schott (Carlsen and Croat, 2004;Croat and Ortiz, 2016;Ortiz and Croat, 2016;Cedeño-Fonseca et al., 2020), Dieffenbachia Schott , Monstera Adans. (Cedeño-Fonseca et al., 2018Zuluaga and Cameron, 2018), Spathiphyllum Schott (Rojas-Alvarado and Chaves-Fallas, 2011), Wolffiella (Hegelm.) ...
Background and Aims:
Araceae is a worldwide family of herbaceous plants, most notable for its striking morphological diversity and broad habitat diversity. It comprises eight subfamilies, 143 genera, and 3667 species. The Central American region has about 780 species, of which 262 are distributed in Costa Rica. In this contribution, we include four new aroid records for the Costa Rican flora belonging to the genera Anthurium, Philodendron, and Spathiphyllum. In addition, nomenclatural aspects of A. myosuroides are discussed.
Methods:
The new records resulted from fieldwork on Fila Anguciana, Cerro Turrubares, and Volcán Miravalles. The correct taxonomic identity of the species was confirmed based on literature and comparison with herbarium specimens, especially type specimens from the herbaria of the Universidad de Panama (PMA) and the Missouri Botanical Garden (MO), as well as consultation of the JSTOR Global Plants database and the collections of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris (P) online. Descriptions, taxonomic discussions, and figures of the morphological characteristics of the new records are provided.
Key results:
We present Anthurium roseospadix, A. myosuroides, Philodendron pseudauriculatum and Spathiphyllum dressleri as new records for the Costa Rican flora. Moreover, lectotypification for Pothos myosuroides is proposed.
Conclusions:
Considering the new records presented in this work, the aroid flora of Costa Rica now comprises 266 species, and the total species numbers for Anthurium, Philodendron, and Spathiphyllum increased to 94, 63, and 10, respectively.
