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Molecular structures of: A, basic fuchsin; B, acid red-1; C, Carbolan Green; D, Lissamine Blue; and E, Coomassie Blue G.
Source publication
Previous studies have shown that the caries detector dyes, basic fuchsin and acid red, lack specificity. Accordingly, their clinical use can lead to the unnecessary removal of sound tissue. In the present study, the specificity of three further dyes, Carbolan Green, Coomassie Blue and Lissamine Blue was studied. Carious dentine was removed in vitro...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... the present study, the lack of specificity of basic fuchsin and acid red was confirmed and three further dyes, Carbolan Green, Coomassie Blue (type G) and Lissamine Blue, all of which predominantly stain proteins, have been investigated. Their structures and those of acid red and basic fuchsin are shown in Fig. 3. These three new dyes have also been found to be non-specific in their staining of dentine. Carbolan Green, however, was found to cause less non-specific staining than any of the other four dyes. Sections of teeth stained with these dyes suggest that in addition to the lower mineral content, staining intensity may also increase as the ...
Context 2
... the nature of the binding of dye molecules to proteins is poorly understood, stacking of polyaromatic residues, perhaps associated with proline residues, may be involved. Carbolan dyes, however, have long hy- drocarbon side-chains and are more hydrophobic than the other four (Fig. 3). They are, therefore, likely to bind less strongly to collagen which is hydrophilic and have greater affinity for hydrophobic residues, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides. This may explain the ba- sis of the finding that this reagent stained sound den- tine less intensely, i.e. was less non-specific than the other four. However, the ...
Context 3
... of a dye to selectively identify this outer layer is therefore potentially extremely valuable in clinical dentistry. Subsequent studies however, showed that the use of such dyes (Boston & Graver, 1989) resulted in the removal of tissue beyond the level of bacterial invasion, whilst Anderson, Loesche & Charbeneau (1985) and List et al . (1987) found that a significant number of their specimens contained bacteria in the unstained dentine. More recently (Kidd et al ., 1989; Kidd et al ., 1993) found that not only was the staining of dentine not caries specific, increased staining occurred at the enamel – dentine junction and in deeper areas of dentine in the layers closer to the pulp. When carious dentine removal was deemed complete by nor- mal clinical criteria, acid red stainable dentine still remained but the levels of bacteria in this material were both low and did not significantly differ from the levels in non-stainable sound dentine. These findings would suggest that acid red and basic fuchsin staining is a function of level of mineralization rather than a carious invasion. The findings of Yip et al . (1994) involving the use of back scattered electron imaging confirmed this hypothesis when they showed that the level of mineralization in the enamel – dentine junction and adjacent to the pulp was indeed reduced as compared with the remainder of the dentine even in clinically sound teeth. Staining with dyes such as basic fuchsin and acid red would probably therefore seem to be a function of availability of binding sites on the organic (collagen) matrix. In the present study, the lack of specificity of basic fuchsin and acid red was confirmed and three further dyes, Carbolan Green, Coomassie Blue (type G) and Lissamine Blue, all of which predominantly stain proteins, have been investigated. Their structures and those of acid red and basic fuchsin are shown in Fig. 3. These three new dyes have also been found to be non-specific in their staining of dentine. Carbolan Green, however, was found to cause less non-specific staining than any of the other four dyes. Sections of teeth stained with these dyes suggest that in addition to the lower mineral content, staining intensity may also increase as the pulp is approached because stain can more easily penetrate the wider tubules. Whilst the nature of the binding of dye molecules to proteins is poorly understood, stacking of polyaromatic residues, perhaps associated with proline residues, may be involved. Carbolan dyes, however, have long hy- drocarbon side-chains and are more hydrophobic than the other four (Fig. 3). They are, therefore, likely to bind less strongly to collagen which is hydrophilic and have greater affinity for hydrophobic residues, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides. This may explain the ba- sis of the finding that this reagent stained sound dentine less intensely, i.e. was less non-specific than the other ...
Context 4
... of a dye to selectively identify this outer layer is therefore potentially extremely valuable in clinical dentistry. Subsequent studies however, showed that the use of such dyes (Boston & Graver, 1989) resulted in the removal of tissue beyond the level of bacterial invasion, whilst Anderson, Loesche & Charbeneau (1985) and List et al . (1987) found that a significant number of their specimens contained bacteria in the unstained dentine. More recently (Kidd et al ., 1989; Kidd et al ., 1993) found that not only was the staining of dentine not caries specific, increased staining occurred at the enamel – dentine junction and in deeper areas of dentine in the layers closer to the pulp. When carious dentine removal was deemed complete by nor- mal clinical criteria, acid red stainable dentine still remained but the levels of bacteria in this material were both low and did not significantly differ from the levels in non-stainable sound dentine. These findings would suggest that acid red and basic fuchsin staining is a function of level of mineralization rather than a carious invasion. The findings of Yip et al . (1994) involving the use of back scattered electron imaging confirmed this hypothesis when they showed that the level of mineralization in the enamel – dentine junction and adjacent to the pulp was indeed reduced as compared with the remainder of the dentine even in clinically sound teeth. Staining with dyes such as basic fuchsin and acid red would probably therefore seem to be a function of availability of binding sites on the organic (collagen) matrix. In the present study, the lack of specificity of basic fuchsin and acid red was confirmed and three further dyes, Carbolan Green, Coomassie Blue (type G) and Lissamine Blue, all of which predominantly stain proteins, have been investigated. Their structures and those of acid red and basic fuchsin are shown in Fig. 3. These three new dyes have also been found to be non-specific in their staining of dentine. Carbolan Green, however, was found to cause less non-specific staining than any of the other four dyes. Sections of teeth stained with these dyes suggest that in addition to the lower mineral content, staining intensity may also increase as the pulp is approached because stain can more easily penetrate the wider tubules. Whilst the nature of the binding of dye molecules to proteins is poorly understood, stacking of polyaromatic residues, perhaps associated with proline residues, may be involved. Carbolan dyes, however, have long hy- drocarbon side-chains and are more hydrophobic than the other four (Fig. 3). They are, therefore, likely to bind less strongly to collagen which is hydrophilic and have greater affinity for hydrophobic residues, such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides. This may explain the ba- sis of the finding that this reagent stained sound dentine less intensely, i.e. was less non-specific than the other ...
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Citations
... The history of using dyes to aid the visualization of carious dentin is, at best, controversial [1][2][3][4][5]. Dyes have been shown to lack a degree of sensitivity and specificity that would give a clinician the confidence that any dentinal structure stained by the dye was indeed "diseased" [2]. ...
... The history of using dyes to aid the visualization of carious dentin is, at best, controversial [1][2][3][4][5]. Dyes have been shown to lack a degree of sensitivity and specificity that would give a clinician the confidence that any dentinal structure stained by the dye was indeed "diseased" [2]. ...
Background
The objective of this study was to compare, in vitro, two dentinal caries lesion detector methods, Caries Finder and BlueCheck, to determine if they were substantially equivalent in their ability to aid visualization of demineralized dentin and to also to compare their performance compared to the traditional visual/tactile method of dentinal caries lesion detection in vitro.
Methods
Sixty-five extracted human teeth containing lesions rated as ICDAS 4,5 or 6 were chosen and then randomly assigned to two groups. Specimens were then evaluated in standard operatory conditions by three evaluators using the traditional visual and tactile method, the Caries Finder method, and the BlueCheck method of detection. The study employed a parallel, randomized controlled study design. To test the equivalence claim, a “two-one sided test” (TOST) approach was utilized.
Results
As compared to the traditional method, the Caries Finder method had a 0.9742 accuracy, 95% confidence interval [0.9578, 0.9855], 94.80% sensitivity, 98.53% specificity, 96.47% positive predictive value, 97.82% negative predictive value, 0.938 Kappa value, p < 2.2e-16). The BlueCheck method had a 0.9821 accuracy, 95% confidence interval [0.9682, 0.9910], 96.02% sensitivity, 99.09% specificity, 97.69% positive predictive value, 98.42% negative predictive value, 0.956 Kappa value, p < 2.2e-16). Inter-rater reliability and intra-rater reliability ratings were good to excellent.
Conclusions
The results of this study support the conclusion that the Caries Finder and BlueCheck methods compare favorably with the traditional method of carious dentin detection. Caries Finder and BlueCheck detection methods were found to have comparable performance in their ability to differentiate carious dentin from healthy tooth structure in vitro; however further in vivo validation is required to confirm clinical equivalence. Both show good to excellent inter-rater and intra-rater reliability.
... The primary aim of cavity preparation in a carious tooth is to remove infected dentin 19) . It was reported that initial samples from soft and wet lesions harbored significantly more bacteria, including Lactobacilli and Streptococcus mutans, than samples from medium, hard, or dry lesions 20) , and that infected dentin is decalcified, softened, and devoid of its remineralization ability 5,[19][20][21][22][23] . With respect to the evaluation of carious dentin, previous studies used the KHN as a measure of softened dentin hardness and Ca/P mass ratio as one of the mineral components 2,3,13,15,[24][25][26] . ...
The aim of this study was to assess the utility of an actuator-driven pulsed water jet (ADPJ) as a hardness-dependent carious dentin removal device by using different outputs. Thirty-six plane surface dental caries samples were treated with the ADPJ at 150, 200, and 250 voltage (12 teeth each). The Knoop hardness number (KHN) and Ca/P mass ratio were measured at 70 μm from the deepest point of the removing groove. Furthermore, three other teeth samples were manually treated with the ADPJ at the three above mentioned voltages (one tooth each) for 1 min. The KHN and Ca/P mass ratio were measured at 70 μm from the surface of the residual dentin part. In both the KHN and Ca/P mass ratio, higher residual dentin depended on the applied voltage of ADPJ. The ADPJ enabled the removal of softened carious dentin in an applied voltage-dependent manner.
... Different dyes are used to distinguish healthy hard tissues from decayed ones (14). The possibility of using caries-detecting dyes was first developed in the 1970s, when basic fuchsin staining was used as a guide for removing the outer layer of infected dentin in carious lesions (15). ...
... There are many dyes such as methyl red, alizarin, hydroxyquinoline 8, fluorescent dyes, carbolan green, coomassie blue, lissamine blue, 0.5% basic fuchsin, 1.0% acid red, which were used to detect caries and to help the clinician distinguish between affected and infected dentin during cavity preparation. There has always been concern about the safety of carcinogens in detecting carcinogenicity, and 1% acid red in propylene glycol has been introduced as a safe and effective alternative (4,5,14). starr and langenderfer (17) used caries detection dyes to improve the ability of dental residents to detect caries and demonstrated that the red acid dye is able to distinguish between infected and affected dentin thus helping the clinician in the process of caries removal. ...
EvalUaTIOn Of ThE EffICaCy Of CaRIEs-REvEalInG DyEs In DIffEREnTIaTInG BETwEEn InfECTED anD affECTED DEnTIn DURInG REsTORaTIvE TREaTMEnT (Abstract): The aim of this study is to determine the advantages of using caries-revealing dyes in differentiating between infected and affected dentin during restorative treatment. Material and method: The patients selected for this study presented to the Discipline of Cariology and Restorative Odontotherapy within the faculty of Dental Medicine, UMf "Gr. T. Popa" Iaşi, for a restorative treatment of carious lesions. sable seek dye was applied in order to differentiate the infected dentin from the affected one at the level of 26 molars and premolars that presented cavi-tary occlusal caries. Results: In all cases, the dye remained fixed in the cavity in the dentin, but the color intensity was different. Due to the difference in the intensity of the staining produced by the caries detector, it is possible to differentiate between the infected tissues with a much more intense staining (dark green) and the affected tissue with a less intense staining (light green). Conclusions: The contrast obtained by the caries developer can help to identify carious dentin if tactile discrimination is not available, and can be used as a complementary means of diagnosis.
... Different dyes are used to distinguish healthy hard tissues from decayed ones (14). The possibility of using caries-detecting dyes was first developed in the 1970s, when basic fuchsin staining was used as a guide for removing the outer layer of infected dentin in carious lesions (15). ...
... There are many dyes such as methyl red, alizarin, hydroxyquinoline 8, fluorescent dyes, carbolan green, coomassie blue, lissamine blue, 0.5% basic fuchsin, 1.0% acid red, which were used to detect caries and to help the clinician distinguish between affected and infected dentin during cavity preparation. There has always been concern about the safety of carcinogens in detecting carcinogenicity, and 1% acid red in propylene glycol has been introduced as a safe and effective alternative (4,5,14). starr and langenderfer (17) used caries detection dyes to improve the ability of dental residents to detect caries and demonstrated that the red acid dye is able to distinguish between infected and affected dentin thus helping the clinician in the process of caries removal. ...
The aim of this study is to determine the advantages of using caries-revealing dyes in differentiating between infected and affected dentin during restorative treatment. Material and method: The patients selected for this study presented to the Discipline of Cariology and Restorative Odontotherapy within the faculty of Dental Medicine, UMf "Gr. T. Popa" Iaşi, for a restorative treatment of carious lesions. sable seek dye was applied in order to differentiate the infected dentin from the affected one at the level of 26 molars and premolars that presented cavi-tary occlusal caries. Results: In all cases, the dye remained fixed in the cavity in the dentin, but the color intensity was different. Due to the difference in the intensity of the staining produced by the caries detector, it is possible to differentiate between the infected tissues with a much more intense staining (dark green) and the affected tissue with a less intense staining (light green). Conclusions: The contrast obtained by the caries developer can help to identify carious dentin if tactile discrimination is not available, and can be used as a complementary means of diagnosis.
... nellikle bakteri yerine demineralize organik matriksi bo- yadığı için dikkatli kullanılması gerektiği bildirilmiştir. 32 Bazı çalışmalar, çürük tespit boyalarının sağlam diş do- kusunu da boyayarak sağlam dentinin uzaklaştırılmasına neden olabildiğini göstermiştir. 33,34 Yazıcı ve ark., çürük tespit boyalarının düşük sensitivite değeri gösterdiğini ve kavite preparasyonu sırasında rezidüel çürük doku- sunun belirlenmesi için yeni metotların geliştirilmesi ge- rektiğini rapor etmişlerdir. ...
Contemporary dentistry has faced a paradigm shift towards prevention of caries rather than its invasive treatment. Based on current evidenced-based approach, there is an increased search for adjunct methods that will aid in early detection of caries lesions, and thus would ensure chosing the appropriate treatment approach. Today, a wide range of caries detection systems have been developed and optimized for clinical use. Combining the use of traditional caries detection methods with more sensitive emerging technologies may improve diagnostic safety and help the clinician in monitoring non-operative treatment protocols. The purpose of this update review is to review caries detection techniques based on visual, radiographic, optical and other novel technologies.
... Boje koje sadržavaju plavi pigment su trifenilmetan (Acido Blue), dok crveni pigment imaju boje na ksantinskoj bazi (Erythrosive, Phloxine i Acid red-eozinska boja) (6). Preporuča se kao pomoćno sredstvo kod dublje preparacije, kako bi se izbjegla trepanacija pulpne komorice i što više očuvalo tvrdo zubno tkivo, tako što crveno boji vanjski karijesni dentin, ostavljajući pritom unutrašnji kariozni sloj i zdrav dentin neobojen (19). ...
Svrha ovog rada je pregled antiseptika i defi niranje značenja stomatoloških antiseptika u kontroli i eliminaciji mikroorganizama kaosastavnog dijela prevencije i terapije bolesti zuba i parodonta u dječjoj stomatologiji. Dosad su poznate karakteristike i mehanizamdjelovanja pojedinih antiseptika te je doprinos rada predstaviti indikacije za njihovu primjenu u svakodnevnom radu stomatologa,osobito u dječjoj i preventivnoj dentalnoj medicini.
... 5,17,21,25,[30][31][32][33] 3.Çürük Boyaları: Çürük boyalarının kulanımının ilk kez 1970'lerde Fusayama tarafından kulanılan bazik fuksin ile gündeme geldiği bildirilmiĢtir. 34 Bazik fuksin, propilen glikol içerisinde %1 asit kırmızı ve povidon iyodür çürük boyası olarak kullanılmıĢtır ancak genotoksisite çalıĢmalarında bazik fuksinin ciddi mutajenik etkileri gözlenmiĢtir. [35][36][37] Yapılan çalıĢmalarla, çürük boyalarının; diĢin diğer bölgelerine oranla daha az mineralize olan pulpa çevresi dentin ile minedentin sınırını da çürük dokuya benzer Ģekilde boyadığı ve teĢhiste yanılmalara neden olabilecekleri gösteril-miĢtir. ...
... [35][36][37] Yapılan çalıĢmalarla, çürük boyalarının; diĢin diğer bölgelerine oranla daha az mineralize olan pulpa çevresi dentin ile minedentin sınırını da çürük dokuya benzer Ģekilde boyadığı ve teĢhiste yanılmalara neden olabilecekleri gösteril-miĢtir. 34,[38][39][40][41] Bunun üzerine sonradan üretilen Carbolan Green, Coomassie Blue ve Lissamine Blue ile bazik fuksin ve asit kırmızı karĢılaĢtırılmıĢ ancak bu boyaların da yeterince selektif olmayıp sağlıklı dentini de boyadığı gözlenmiĢtir. 34,[39][40][41] Mikrobiyolojik çalıĢmalar ise; boyanan ve boyanmayan kısımlar arasında bakteri sayısı açısından çok fazla fark olmadığını göster-miĢtir. ...
... 34,[38][39][40][41] Bunun üzerine sonradan üretilen Carbolan Green, Coomassie Blue ve Lissamine Blue ile bazik fuksin ve asit kırmızı karĢılaĢtırılmıĢ ancak bu boyaların da yeterince selektif olmayıp sağlıklı dentini de boyadığı gözlenmiĢtir. 34,[39][40][41] Mikrobiyolojik çalıĢmalar ise; boyanan ve boyanmayan kısımlar arasında bakteri sayısı açısından çok fazla fark olmadığını göster-miĢtir. 42 Çürüğü temizlerken daha selektif bir yaklaĢımın geliĢtirilebilmesi için üretilecek çürük boyaları, mineralizasyon derecesinden çok karyojenik bakterilere ve/veya dentin matriksin degredasyon ürünlerine özel olmalıdır. ...
... The process is normally deemed complete when the dentin surface appears hard on probing and is stain free. 9 Determining what is remineralizable and what is not remineralizable dentin is basically a clinical judgment. 10 In the present study, Canal Blue caries detector dyes were used as clinical guide during caries excavation. ...
Background
Caries excavation is a noninvasive technique of caries removal with maximum preservation of healthy tooth structure.
Aim
To compare the efficacy of three different caries excavation techniques in reducing the count of cariogenic flora.
Materials and methods
Sixty healthy primary molars were selected from 26 healthy children with occlusal carious lesions without pulpal involvement and divided into three groups in which caries excavation was done with the help of (1) carbide bur; (2) polymer bur using slow-speed handpiece; and (3) ultrasonic tip with ultrasonic machine. Samples were collected before and after caries excavation for microbiological analysis with the help of sterile sharp spoon excavator. Samples were inoculated on blood agar plate and incubated at 37°C for 48 hours. After bacterial cultivation, the bacterial count of Streptococcus mutans was obtained.
Statistical analysis
All statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13 statistical software version. Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance, Wilcoxon matched pairs test, and Z test were performed to reveal the statistical significance.
Results
The decrease in bacterial count of S. mutans before and after caries excavation was significant (p < 0.001) in all the three groups.
Conclusion
Carbide bur showed most efficient reduction in cariogenic flora, while ultrasonic tip showed almost comparable results, while polymer bur showed least reduction in cariogenic flora after caries excavation.
How to cite this article
Hassan AF, Yadav G, Tripathi AM, Mehrotra M, Saha S, Garg N. A Comparative Evaluation of the Efficacy of Different Caries Excavation Techniques in reducing the Cariogenic Flora: An in vivo Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(3):214-217.
... 5,17,21,25,[30][31][32][33] 3.Çürük Boyaları: Çürük boyalarının kulanımının ilk kez 1970'lerde Fusayama tarafından kulanılan bazik fuksin ile gündeme geldiği bildirilmiĢtir. 34 Bazik fuksin, propilen glikol içerisinde %1 asit kırmızı ve povidon iyodür çürük boyası olarak kullanılmıĢtır ancak genotoksisite çalıĢmalarında bazik fuksinin ciddi mutajenik etkileri gözlenmiĢtir. [35][36][37] Yapılan çalıĢmalarla, çürük boyalarının; diĢin diğer bölgelerine oranla daha az mineralize olan pulpa çevresi dentin ile minedentin sınırını da çürük dokuya benzer Ģekilde boyadığı ve teĢhiste yanılmalara neden olabilecekleri gösteril-miĢtir. ...
... [35][36][37] Yapılan çalıĢmalarla, çürük boyalarının; diĢin diğer bölgelerine oranla daha az mineralize olan pulpa çevresi dentin ile minedentin sınırını da çürük dokuya benzer Ģekilde boyadığı ve teĢhiste yanılmalara neden olabilecekleri gösteril-miĢtir. 34,[38][39][40][41] Bunun üzerine sonradan üretilen Carbolan Green, Coomassie Blue ve Lissamine Blue ile bazik fuksin ve asit kırmızı karĢılaĢtırılmıĢ ancak bu boyaların da yeterince selektif olmayıp sağlıklı dentini de boyadığı gözlenmiĢtir. 34,[39][40][41] Mikrobiyolojik çalıĢmalar ise; boyanan ve boyanmayan kısımlar arasında bakteri sayısı açısından çok fazla fark olmadığını göster-miĢtir. ...
... 34,[38][39][40][41] Bunun üzerine sonradan üretilen Carbolan Green, Coomassie Blue ve Lissamine Blue ile bazik fuksin ve asit kırmızı karĢılaĢtırılmıĢ ancak bu boyaların da yeterince selektif olmayıp sağlıklı dentini de boyadığı gözlenmiĢtir. 34,[39][40][41] Mikrobiyolojik çalıĢmalar ise; boyanan ve boyanmayan kısımlar arasında bakteri sayısı açısından çok fazla fark olmadığını göster-miĢtir. 42 Çürüğü temizlerken daha selektif bir yaklaĢımın geliĢtirilebilmesi için üretilecek çürük boyaları, mineralizasyon derecesinden çok karyojenik bakterilere ve/veya dentin matriksin degredasyon ürünlerine özel olmalıdır. ...
Özet
Günümüzde modern diş hekimliği kapsamında, diş dokularının maksimum oranda korunması ve fonksiyon görmesi için minimal invaziv yöntemler uygulanmaktadır. G.V. Black tarafından tanımlanmış olan geleneksel görüşe bağlı kalınarak uygulanan derin dentin çürüğü tedavilerinde tüm çürük dokunun uzaklaştırılması, pulpanın perforasyonuna dolayısıyla endodontik girişimlere ve bazı durumlarda çekime neden olabilmektedir. Dişin ağızda kalma süresi, fonksiyonu ve prognozu açısından önemli bir etken olan pulpanın vitalitesinin daha uzun süre korunabilmesi amacıyla adeziv sistemler ve restoratif materyallerdeki yeni gelişmelerle günümüzde pek çok yeni tedavi yaklaşımı ve materyal geliştirilmiştir. Bu derlemede derin dentin çürüğü varlığında çürüğün uzaklaştırılmasındaki selektif yaklaşımlar, kavitenin dezenfeksiyonu, kuafaj uygulamaları ve derin dentin çürüğünün tedavisindeki güncel yaklaşımlar tartışılmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Aşamalı Çürük Tedavisi, Derin Dentin Çürüğü, Dezenfeksiyon, Selektif Yaklaşımlar
Alternative new methods for the treatment of deep dentine caries
Summary
Currently minimal intervention techniques are put into practice for the maximum preservation of tooth structure and function in modern dentistry. While treating deep dentine caries according to the traditional method defined by G.V. Black, removing all of the carious tissue can give way to perforation of the pulp, endodontic treatment or at some issues the extraction of the tooth. To protect the vitality of the pulp which is so important for the lifetime, function and prognose of a tooth, new methods and materials has been improved according to the increased understanding of the histology and phsyology of the dentin-pulp complex and the current developments of the adhesive resine systems and restorative materials. The selective caries removal techniques, disinfection of the cavity, the pulp capping methods and the currrent treatment methods used in the presence of a deep dentin caries were discussed in this review.
Key words: Deep Dentine Caries, Disinfection, Selective Approaches, Stepwise-excavation
... There has always been concern about the safety of disclosing agents in terms of carcinogenicity, and 1% acid red in propylene glycol was introduced as a safe and effective alternative. [2][3][4] ...
... There are many dyes such as silver nitrate, methyl red, alizarin stain, carbolan green, 8-hydroxyquinoline, coomassie blue, lissamine blue, and fluorescent dyes, which have been used for detecting caries and are believed to help the clinicians to distinguish between the affected dentin and infected dentin during cavity preparation. [3] There has always been a concern about the safety of disclosing agents in terms of carcinogenicity. About 1% acid red in propylene glycol was introduced by Fusayama, Takatsu and Itoh, in 1979, as a safe and effective alternative. ...
... About 1% acid red in propylene glycol was introduced by Fusayama, Takatsu and Itoh, in 1979, as a safe and effective alternative. [2,3] The present study uses 1.0% acid red in propylene glycol (i.e., caries detector) in identifying the infected dentin, and also to assess the depth of microbial invasion in the carious dentin. We compared the findings of presence or absence of microorganisms in carious teeth by caries detector dye method and visual method of caries removal. ...
