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Model of vulnerability of snakes, given the three main activities of Pine Snakes (rest/bask, forage and eat, reproduction) that occur between hibernating. 

Model of vulnerability of snakes, given the three main activities of Pine Snakes (rest/bask, forage and eat, reproduction) that occur between hibernating. 

Context in source publication

Context 1
... developed a conceptual model that shows the points in the annual Pine Snake‘s life cycle when they are most vulnerable (Figure 5). Although not shown in the model, when Pine Snakes travel from one location to another within their summer foraging habitats, they often must cross sand, gravel or paved roads where they are killed by motor vehicles (Andrews and Gibbons 2005, Andrews, et. al, 2009). Depending upon age class, season and sex, snakes have different daily activities. In other words, Pine Snakes are more vulnerable during some stages of their life cycle than in others. For example, their eggs and hatchlings are vulnerable to a great deal of predation from a wide range of mammal and human predators. Nesting females are exposed to Red-tailed Hawks ( Buteo jamaicensis ), Coyote and Foxes. Non- breeding adult snakes and juveniles are less vulnerable because they mainly stay hidden in the forest. These age classes do not wander in search of mates (adult males), or are not vulnerable while digging nests and laying eggs (adult females). In the following sections we describe the major threats, followed by information about conservation with respect to each ...

Citations

Article
The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, proposes to list the Louisiana Pinesnake (Pituophis ruthveni), as a federally threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. I was asked to review the proposed rule document in the Federal Register (Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service 2016). As outlined in the proposed rule, there are several combined threats that have caused the decline of Louisiana Pinesnakes throughout their historic range and their greatly reduced current range in the southern United States (Rudolph et al. 2006; USFWS 2016).
Article
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The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, proposes to list the Louisiana Pinesnake (Pituophis ruthveni), as a federally threatened species under the Endangered Species Act. I was asked to review the proposed rule document in the Federal Register (Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service 2016). As outlined in the proposed rule, there are several combined threats that have caused the decline of Louisiana Pinesnakes throughout their historic range and their greatly reduced current range in the southern United States