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Millions of individuals are required to work from home as part of national efforts to fight COVID-19. To evaluate the employment impact of the pandemic, an important point is whether individuals are able to work from home. This paper estimates the share of jobs that can be performed at home in 23 Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries as well...
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Citations
... While some sectors have been considered essential and thus essential workers have continued to go to work and to receive their wages, other sectors have had to close or have been affected by mobility restrictions because of the high risk of transmission of the virus that these activities entail. Among the individuals that have been asked to stay at home, some have been able to remain active due to the task content of their occupations (Dingel and Neiman 2020;Delaporte and Peña 2020;Gottlieb et al. 2021;Hatayama et al. 2020; Barbieri et al. 2020;Béland et al. 2020;Hensvik et al. 2020;Holgersen et al. 2020;Yasenov 2020), while others have not been able to work from home and have experienced wage losses. Therefore, the effect of social distancing policies could be significant in terms of labour income inequality and poverty rates. ...
... Therefore, the results for these two countries are not directly comparable to the ones for the other countries. Indeed, the feasibility to work from home is usually higher in urban compared to rural areas (Delaporte and Peña 2020). In the opposite, the share of individuals able to remain active under the lockdown is expected to be lower in urban areas. ...
... Lastly, individuals in the top of the labour income distribution have higher capacity to work from home compared to those in the bottom part (21% compared to only 7% of the individuals in the bottom quintile). Our results are largely consistent with previous research examining the feasibility to work from home across occupations, economic activities and population groups (Dingel and Neiman 2020;Delaporte and Peña 2020;Gottlieb et al. 2021;Hatayama et al. 2020). ...
This paper estimates the potential distributional consequences of the first phase of the COVID-19 lockdowns on poverty and labour income inequality in 20 Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. We estimate the share of individuals that are potentially able to remain active under the lockdown by taking into account individuals’ teleworking capacity but also whether their occupation is affected by legal workplace closures or mobility restrictions. Furthermore, we compare the shares under the formal (de jure) lockdown policies assuming perfect compliance with the shares under de facto lockdowns where there is some degree of non-compliance. We then estimate individuals’ potential labour income losses and examine changes in poverty and labour income inequality. We find an increase in poverty and labour income inequality in most of the LAC countries due to social distancing; however, the observed changes are lower under de facto lockdowns, revealing the potential role of non-compliance as a coping strategy during the lockdowns. Social distancing measures have led to an increase in inequality both between and within countries. Lastly, we show that most of the dispersion in the labour income loss across countries is explained by the sectoral/occupational employment structure of the economies.
... First, instead of calculating the share of jobs that can be performed at home within each occupation, we calculate an index of jobs' amenability to remote work. 11 10 Examples include Gottlieb et al. (2020a), Lekfuangfu et al. (2020), Delaporte and Peña (2020), Beland et al. (2020), Garrote Sanchez et al. (2020a). 11 Dingel and Neiman (2020) consider that a job is not suitable for remote work when at least one of various conditions holds, e.g., operating mechanized devices is very important, working directly with the public is very important, among others. ...
The ability to work from home can be critical during pandemics. We calculate an index that measures the possibility of working from home based on the characteristics of the pre-Covid-19 pandemic distribution of occupations and on internet access at home, using microdata for Mexico. Focusing on households with two partners employed in nonessential occupations, we show that there is high within-household correlation in the possibility of working remotely, which is likely to be positively associated with job stability during the pandemic. Poor families, with low access to formal credit and who rely heavily on informal mechanisms for consumption smoothing have lower chances of working remotely than richer families with higher access to formal credit. High within-household correlation in the work-from-home index restricts the likelihood of intra-household risk-sharing and consumption smoothing, and is likely to contribute to an increase in inequality.
... Eksempelvis er der en raekke af artikler, der undersøger mulighederne for at arbejde hjemme under corona på tvaers af lande rundt omkring i verdenen(Boeri et al., 2020;Delaporte & Peña, 2020;Dingel & Neiman, 2020;Gottlieb et al., 2020;Hatayama et al., 2020;Saltiel, 2020). Tilsvarende er der også flere artikler, der fokuserer på forskelle i konsekvenserne af corona nedlukningen mellem maend/faedre og kvinder/mødre (AlisonAndrew et al., 2020;Borah Hazarika & Das, 2020;Hupkau & Petrongolo, 2020). ...
In this working paper the correlation between the shutdown of Denmark from March to April and working hours is analysed. We use time-use data from a survey in 2017/18 and time-use data from a time-use survey carried out during the lockdown of Denmark in the spring 2020. Based on a panel of 540 people, who worked in both surveys, we apply a difference-in-difference analysis controlling for sociodemographic and months fixed effects. We find that the people, who were send home from work due to the lockdown, was able to work and did not take care of children while working from home, have worked significantly 40 minutes less than they did in the 2017(18 survey. People who took care of their children, while working from home, have worked significantly 50 minutes less than they did in the 2017/18 survey. Finally, we find that the share who did overtime (>7.5 work hours) is 18 percentage points significantly lower, among people who took care of their children, while working from home during the lockdown, compared to the share doing overtime in the same group in the 2017/18 survey. People working from the workplace or had a normal day working from home and did not take care of children did not work significantly less than they did in the 2017/18 survey.
... The potential for WFH is, however, drastically reduced in developing countries, due to poor availability of domestic devices (PC, tablet) and lack of broadband connectivity. Saltiel [74] and Delaporte and Peña [75] argue that the actual potential in these countries is in the order of 10-20% maximum of work activities and Hatayama et al. [76] show that the amenability to working from home is positively related to economic development. All these studies agree that WFH will be a permanent feature of the organization of work in the near future. ...
Covid-19 has rapidly redefined the agenda of technological research and development both for academics and practitioners. If the medical scientific publication system has promptly reacted to this new situation, other domains, particularly in new technologies, struggle to map what is happening in their contexts. The pandemic has created the need for a rapid detection of technological convergence phenomena, but at the same time it has made clear that this task is impossible on the basis of traditional patent and publication indicators. This paper presents a novel methodology to perform a rapid detection of the fast technological convergence phenomenon that is occurring under the pressure of the Covid-19 pandemic. The fast detection has been performed thanks to the use of a novel source: the online blogging platform Medium. We demonstrate that the hybrid structure of this social journalism platform allows a rapid detection of innovation phenomena, unlike other traditional sources. The technological convergence phenomenon has been modelled through a network-based approach, analysing the differences of networks computed during two time periods (pre and post COVID-19). The results led us to discuss the repurposing of technologies regarding "Remote Control", "Remote Working", "Health" and "Remote Learning".
... Finally, as we have mentioned, the analysis of the potential for remote work or teleworking, as a possible response of certain economic activities and especially of some types of workers to mobility restrictions, has been the subject of numerous international studies (Crowley and Doran, 2020;Delaporte and Peña, 2020;Del Río-Chanona et al., 2020;Dingel and Neiman, 2020;Garrote Sanchez et al., 2020;Hatayama et al., 2020;Saltiel, 2020). In the particular case of Argentina, we can also find some specific studies on this topic Bonavida Foschiatti andGasparini, 2020, Red ISPA, 2020). ...
In this paper we propose an index to measure the territorial economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in contexts with scarce or outdated regional data, which is often the case in developing countries. This index is based on data that are usually available in most countries: a) the sectoral productive structure of the regions, b) the operational level of each sector, c) the mobility of workers in each region, and d) the possibility of remote work among sectors. The empirical application for Argentina describes the territorial economic impact during the second and third quarters of 2020, both for the provinces and labor market areas. Our results show that the regional impact of COVID-19 on private economic activity was highly heterogeneous and, in some cases, dissociated from the regional health impact. The proposed index is also highly correlated with sporadic official data coming from national agencies, while it has a wider geographical and temporal scope.
... food and beverage processing, health services), many others faced a significant reduction in their operational level (transport) or even a complete and indefinitely lockdown (tourism, leisure, and cultural services). Despite mobility restrictions, some activities were able to adapt to working from home (various professional services, education), but others that naturally require the physical presence in the workplace (manufacturing, construction) have been much more affected (Albrieu, 2020;Bonavida Foschiatti and Gasparini, 2020;Delaporte and Peña, 2020;Dingel and Neiman, 2020;Hatayama et al., 2020;Saltiel, 2020). ...
In this article, we present a first exploratory analysis of the regional economic impact that COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures adopted in Argentina could have had during the last weeks of March and the month of April, the period of greatest economic impact, when restrictions were mainly raised at the sectoral level, without taking into account any regional criteria. To this end, we built an index of territorial economic impact by COVID-19 (ITEI-COVID), which takes into account, on the one hand, the regional production structure in terms of formal private employment, and on the other hand, the operational level of each sector. Results show that the regional impact of COVID-19 on private economic activity in Argentina was highly heterogeneous and that these unequal effects were largely related to the degree of productive diversity or the type of regional specialization. All these results are relatively stable and robust when comparing different geographical units of analysis, when changing the period chosen to define the private production structure, or when considering the informality and self-employment in addition to formal salaried employment.
... There is recent evidence that workers' well-being depends on occupation characteristics. These results have been measured for the U.S. (Dingel and Neiman, 2020) and other developing countries (Saltiel, 2020;Delaporte and Peña, 2020). Such calculations rely on household surveys and census information to estimate the impact of different populations based on workers' occupation. ...
... There are a couple of studies that assess this figure for LAC. For example, in Colombia, only one-fifth of jobs can be performed from home, but the value for informal workers is much lower (Cardenas and Montana, 2020). Following Delaporte and Peña (2020), the share of workers who can work from home is: in Argentina 31%, in Chile 27%, in Colombia 21%, in Mexico 22% and in Peru around 20%. ...
... Social distance measures are heterogeneous for formal and informal jobs (Cardenas and Montana, 2020;Saltiel, 2020). Nevertheless, there is no information on the post that allows us to identify which employment is offered. ...
The quality of data in developing countries presents many challenges to calculate such figures. Because of the lockdown measures, the national statistical offices have canceled or reduced the geographical coverage of the ongoing surveys. Among other adjusting measures, statistical offices have been forced to implement shorter questionnaires and changed the collection method (by phone mostly) impacting data quality. The implication of such changes has resulted in relying upon small national samples, or missing information on occupational classification. Data quality creates problems when estimating the possible effects of the pandemic on the population since occupational information is the primary input to calculate such figures. To overcome some limitations, and given the lack of available data in the region, we started evaluating alternative sources of information.
To do so, we use posted vacancy data from Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, collected from the largest job boards in each country. We use information collected weekly in the period from January 2018 to June 2020. Such novel data will help us better assess the consequences of the spread of the virus in LAC and assess the different effects in each country’s labor markets.
... While it seems hard to predict the future, it is more feasible to develop understanding of what is ahead by analyzing current trends. There have already been observed considerable changes in business practices (Delaporte & Pena, 2020), and the new global norm is to work from home (Dingel & Neiman, 2020;Gallacher & Hossain, 2020). ...
As the global tourism industry is under the sway of the novel Coronavirus, and the world still remains with a limited medical capacity to threat the pandemic, with no vaccine and with its only weapon of precautionary measures, masks, gloves, and lockdown, a part of hospitality industry develops new stratagems and applies new tactics to survive the upcoming financial debacle. The almost worldwide lockdown, the brutal impact of mass cancelations caused by the virus spread, and the people's significantly reduced willingness to travel produce major upheavals in the tourism economy. The purpose of this study is to systematize the problems and opportunities in the hospitality industry in a pandemic. For this study, there has been applied the secondary research methodology with several pieces of literature such as scientific journal articles, preprint papers, government documents, data from global organizations and mass media data, etc., but no primary research was conducted. As the phenomenon is still ongoing, there is not yet a significant number of published papers about the opportunities in the hospitality sector. The main findings of the present study are demonstrating that, although this situation makes tourism highly vulnerable, the sector is also in a unique position to contribute to broader and just recovery plans and actions. Significant conclusions are the vulnerability of the travel sector and travel restrictions’ effects on the hospitality industry, the appearance of a new form of hotel clients - ‘quarantine guests’, and the need for new survival strategies on hotel industry based on virtualization and domestication.
... While it seems hard to predict the future, it is more feasible to develop understanding of what is ahead by analyzing current trends. There have already been observed considerable changes in business practices (Delaporte & Pena, 2020), and the new global norm is to work from home (Dingel & Neiman, 2020;Gallacher & Hossain, 2020). ...
As the global tourism industry is under sway of the novel Coronavirus, and the world still remains with a limited medical capacity to threat the pandemic, with no vaccine and with its only weapon of precautionary measures, masks, gloves and lockdown, a part of hospitality industry develops new stratagems and applies new tactics to survive the upcoming financial debacle. The almost worldwide lockdown, the brutal impact of mass cancellations caused by the virus spread, and the people's significantly reduced willingness to travel produce major upheavals in the tourism economy. The purpose of this study is to systematize the problems and opportunities in the hospitality industry in a pandemic. For this study there has been applied the secondary research methodology with several pieces of literature such as scientific journal articles, preprint papers, government documents, data from global organizations and mass media data etc., but no primary research was conducted. As the phenomenon is still ongoing, there is not yet the significant number of published papers about the opportunities in the hospitality sector. The main findings of the present study are demonstrating that, although this situation makes tourism highly vulnerable, the sector is also in a unique position to contribute to broader and just recovery plans and actions. Significant conclusions are the vulnerability of the travel sector and travel restrictions’ effects on hospitality industry, the appearance of a new form of hotel clients - ‘quarantine guests’, and the need of new survival strategies on hotel industry based on virtualization and domestication.
... Though we do not report the results here, we also analyzed who could work from home. As previous studies, we also find that the ability to work varies by individual characteristics and industry (seeDingel et Neiman, 2020;Delaporte and Pena, 2020; and Deng, Morissette et Messacar, 2020). Notably, higher-educated individuals with higher earning jobs have a higher probability to be able to work from home, whereas workers in several industries (accommodation, health care, warehousing, retail trade) have a much lower probability of being able to work from home.https://utpjournals.press/doi/pdf/10.3138/cpp.2020-087 ...
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic surged in early March 2020, with unemployment reaching historic levels in April 2020. This study paints an early portrait of the pandemic’s impact on the finances of households in Quebec, one of the hardest-hit provinces in terms of COVID-19 cases as well as unemployment levels. The article also provides an understanding of how government emergency benefit programs may have helped households get by during the early period of the pandemic. Finally, we draw on expectations data collected in a survey of 3,009 respondents living in Quebec to illustrate what households can expect for the rest of 2020.
