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Mixed-effect models of age predicting COVID-19 responses and perceived costs during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Source publication
The COVID-19 pandemic presents threats, such as severe disease and economic hardship, to people of different ages. These threats can also be experienced asymmetrically across age groups, which could lead to generational differences in behavioral responses to reduce the spread of the disease. We report a survey conducted across 56 societies (N = 58,...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... = 0.155, 95% CI [ 0.179, 0.131]) and job insecurity (b = 0.036, p < .001; r = 0.067, 95% CI [ 0.096, 0.037], see Table 2 and SI). ...Context 2
... found a negative association between age and staying at home behavior (b = 0.037, p < .001; r = 0.079, 95% CI [ 0.107, 0.052], see Table 2 and SI). Nonetheless, these data clearly failed to support the hypotheses that age would be positively associated with prosocial motivations and behaviors (H2a/b; see Table 3). ...Similar publications
Objectives
A second outbreak of COVID-19 happened in China. We assessed the impact of quarantine duration on psychological outcomes and vaccination intention.
Methods
A cross-sectional online survey was employed. Participants were invited to complete the measurement of quarantine duration, social distancing, psychological distress, wellbeing (WHO-...
The purpose of this paper is to introduce a useful online interactive dashboard (https://mahdisalehi.shinyapps.io/Covid19Dashboard/) that visualize and follow confirmed cases of COVID-19 in real-time. The dashboard was made publicly available on 6 April 2020 to illustrate the counts of confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries of COVID-19 at the leve...
The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the pandemic on the stock markets' performance, focusing on the behavioral influence of the fear due to COVID-19. Using a dataset of ten (10) developed countries during the period 31.12.2019-30.09.2020, we examine the impact of COVID-19 on the performance of the stock markets. We incorporate the...
Protection motivation theory (PMT) is a theoretical framework informative for understanding behavioral intentions and choices during exceptional and uncommon circumstances, such as a pandemic of respiratory infectious disease. PMT postulates both the threat appraisal and the coping appraisal as predictors of health behaviors. Recent advances in the...
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has paralyzed our societies, leading to self-isolation and quarantine for several days. As the 10th most populated country in the world, Mexico is on a major threat by COVID-19 due to the limitations of intensive care capacities, about 1.5 hospital beds for every 1,000 citizens. In this paper, we characterize the CO...
Citations
... The Basel Committee worked in the Basel Agreement 1 to achieve compatibility in the national regulatory systems and practices with regard to the measurement of capital adequacy and its standards for banks that conduct international business, as these provisions became among the general standards adopted by many countries and dealt with focusing on credit risks and deepening attention to the quality and efficiency of assets Provisions to be formed and dividing the countries of the world into two groups in terms of credit risk weights (Jin et al., 2021 As for the Basel II agreement, it came with three main pillars, the first of which is the minimum requirements for capital adequacy, which is based on the introduction of some modifications to the methods of measuring credit risk compared to the Basel 1 agreement. As for the third pillar, it is market discipline, which aims to provide a set of disclosure requirements that allow market participants to assess information related to credit risks and the volume of banks' capital. ...
Purpose: The aim of this study is to shed a light on risk management in Jordanian commercial banks in accordance with the Basel Accords. Theoretical framework: The researcher reviewed the relevant literature related to risk management Design/methodology/approach: The descriptive analytical approach was adopted. The questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. The sample consists of all the public administrations in banks and employees in risk management and control. It consists from 120 individuals. Findings: The results of the study showed that the field of "The application of banking risk management in Jordanian commercial banks in accordance with the Basel Accords" ranges from strong to medium, while the field of "Techniques and principles of banking risk management applied by Jordanian commercial banks" ranges from strong to moderate, Research, Practical & Social implications: This study allows Jordanian commercial banks to improve their abilities in managing risks based on Basel accords Originality/value: This study is important because it is one of the few studies that shed a light on Basel Accords along with risk management
... Prosocial behaviors, broadly defined as "any action that benefits another" [113], are crucial for managing global social issues such as pandemics [59] and climate change [94]. Within the HCI research community, there has been a recent trend of employing technology to promote prosocial attitudes and behaviors by fostering empathy (e.g., [3,5,10,20,52,74,98,103,107,123]), that is, "the ability to share someone else's feelings or experiences by imagining what it would be like to be in that person's situation" [32]. ...
Much HCI research on prompting prosocial behaviors focuses on methods for increasing empathy. However, increased empathy may have unintended negative consequences. Our work offers an alternative solution that encourages critical reflection for nurturing compassion, which involves motivation and action to help others. In a between-subject experiment, participants (N=60) viewed a climate change documentary while receiving no prompts (CON), reflective prompts to focus on their emotions (RE) or surprises (RS). State compassion, critical reflection, and motivation to act or learn were measured at the end of the session (post-video) and two weeks later (follow-up). Despite participants' condition not affecting compassion, critical reflection was positively correlated with post-video state compassion. RE and RS participants demonstrated deeper reflection and reported higher motivation to learn post-video, and more prosocial behavioral changes during follow-up. RS participants reported better follow-up recall than RE participants. We conclude by discussing implications on designing technology to support compassion and longer-term critical reflection.
... Younger people's economic precarity has been compounded in many countries by predicted pandemic-related economic downturns, which some may perceive as arising from expenditure on saving the lives of (mainly) older people (Mahase, 2020;Rosenfeld et al., 2021). A large-scale survey across 56 countries, which was conducted from March to May, 2020 during the first global wave of the pandemic, found that younger (rather than older) adults perceived threat from daily changes to life and job insecurity (Jin et al., 2021). Within the USA, a survey conducted the day after the historic pandemic-related stock market drop revealed that younger adults were more anxious about the economy than older adults (Mann et al., 2020). ...
Intergenerational contact is crucial for promoting intergenerational harmony and reducing ageism. However, the COVID‐19 pandemic has disrupted and changed the nature and frequency of intergenerational contact. In addition, research suggests that both ageism towards older adults and intergenerational threat regarding succession and consumption, have increased. Through the lens of the Temporally Integrated Model of Intergroup Contact and Threat (TIMICAT; Abrams & Eller, 2017), we explore the implications of these changing dynamics on ageism towards older adults during and beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our review reveals that research into intergenerational contact needs to articulate both the time course and salience of contact and threats before making predictions about their impacts on prejudice. The implications of understanding how contact and threat combine to affect ageism for policy and practice are discussed in relation to employment, education, and intergenerational contact programs. We highlight that policy makers play a key role in promoting intergenerational harmony through the reduction of narratives that inflame intergenerational tensions and threat.
... The COVID-19 pandemic has affected everyone, but challenges and countermeasures vary significantly over time and space. Individual experiences are far from uniform (Patel et al., 2020;Benzeval et al., 2020) with impacts present in multiple dimensions, such as (mental) health (Pfefferbaum and North, 2020;Nathiya et al., 2020;Kim and Jung, 2021;Abreu et al., 2021), and economic (Bloom et al., 2020;Bottan et al., 2020;Brodeur et al., 2020), social (Jin et al., 2021;Brück et al., 2020) and political outcomes (Barrios and Hochberg, 2020;Kerr et al., 2021). Significant high-quality data have been collected to provide understanding of the pandemic but data that can connect the dots between places, domains and points in time are so far lacking. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis affecting everyone. Yet, its challenges and countermeasures vary significantly over time and space. Individual experiences of the pandemic are highly heterogeneous and its impacts span and interlink multiple dimensions, such as health, economic, social and political impacts. Therefore, there is a need to disaggregate “the pandemic”: analysing experiences, behaviours and impacts at the micro level and from multiple disciplinary perspectives. Such analyses require multi-topic pan-national survey data that are collected continuously and can be matched with other datasets, such as disease statistics or information on countermeasures. To this end, we introduce a new dataset that matches these desirable properties - the Life with Corona (LwC) survey - and perform illustrative analyses to show the importance of such micro data to understand how the pandemic and its countermeasures shape lives and societies over time.
... Globalization and modernization currents are various issues that occur among elementary school students (Baldassarri & Abascal, 2020). A social issue that is a serious concern among elementary school students is violent behavior (Jin et al., 2021). Coercive behavior is withdrawn behavior that is displayed through verbal and natural cruelty (Villardón-Gallego et al., 2018;Zainal, 2014). ...
This study aimed to determine the prosocial behavior of elementary school high-grade students based on gender differences in society 5.0. Challenges in fostering students' prosocial behavior as barriers for teachers to pay attention to students, difficulties among teachers and parents in instilling prosocial behavior, students act against social behavior at school because they imitate the behavior of adults outside of school. The study used a quantitative approach with a descriptive method. The data measurement tool is a questionnaire in the form of a scale developed based on indicators of prosocial behavior. The research population was all high-class students at SDN Sentol Laok, Sumenep Regency, totaling 84 students. Based on the examination results, the prosocial behavior in students is helping, being generous, sharing, acting honestly, and working together. Students show this according to student practice both inside and outside the classroom. Efforts made by teachers in instilling prosocial behavior in students are generating, showing, enforcing rules and social activities. Inspiring is the main effort in instilling and fostering students' prosocial behavior. While students' prosocial behavior is included in the moderate category with an average value of 1.89, students can display and demonstrate their prosocial behavior. The results showed that male adolescents had higher prosocial behavior than female adolescents due to differences in physical and psychological factors such as effective differences, cognitive differences, parenting factors, and age.
... In addition to greater adherence to containment measures, a stronger emotional response to the pandemic was also associated with more prosociality. For instance, across 56 countries, Jin et al. (2021) found that both the perceived negative consequences of contracting the disease and the effects of the pandemic on daily life were positively related to prosocial behavior during the pandemic. Also, a linguistic analysis of messages from Sina Weibo (a Chinese communicator) in the early phase of the pandemic indicated that those using more fear-related words in communication were also more prone to mention prosocial behaviors (Ye et al., 2020). ...
The present study investigated the relationship between outward orientation and COVID-related prosocial behavior, including adherence to containment measures, caring for others and providing support, limiting one’s social life and responsible purchasing behavior. A sample of 500 Slovaks (250 women) aged between 18 and 86 (M = 44.32, SD = 15.66) participated in the study and responded to questions concerning their sociodemographic and personality characteristics, collectivism and individualism, the consciousness of future consequences and emotional responses to the pandemic. The results show that apart from the perceived threat of COVID-19, vertical collectivism is among the strongest antecedents of COVID-related prosocial behavior. Specifically, feelings of threat, vertical collectivism, conscientiousness, agreeableness, liberalism, and education predicted more prosocial behavior during the pandemic. Consequently, the study indicates that while excessive fear may have adverse effects on individuals’ well-being, appealing to and cultivating collectivistic sentiments could contribute not only to containing the pandemic but also to making others’ lives more bearable while it lasts.
... In relation to following masking guidelines the cost of masks, understanding of infection risk, and social conformity all play a role in pandemic-related prosocial behavior [12]. The social dilemma of the trade-off between perceived short-term personal costs versus long-term societal benefits that result from following public health guidance can present a barrier to prosocial behaviors [13]. Importantly, social norms of mask-wearing, social distancing, and other prosocial behaviors within close peer groups can help drive compliance with recommended actions [14,15]. ...
The objective of this research was to examine residents' awareness, attitudes, and compliance with COVID-19 public health guidelines in Vermont, which emerged as an early leader in national pandemic response. Our methods included conducting an online survey of adult Vermont residents between January and April 2021. We analyzed demographics associated with awareness and compliance, and identified features associated with non-compliance. Our results show that of the 2,208 adult Vermont residents who completed the survey, 90% were extremely aware of the state's COVID-19 guidelines, and 95% reported knowing exactly what to do to follow recommended actions. Political affiliation emerged as a primary factor related to attitudes and compliance. Self-identified Republicans were less likely to agree that public health measures keep people safe or help businesses stay open, and were less likely to follow masking, quarantine, social distancing, and vaccine guidance than Independents, Progressives, and Democrats. The large differences in COVID-19 infection and death rates across the country, and recent shift toward a "pandemic of the unvaccinated," underscore the need for identifying public health strategies that work in some areas in order to adapt and apply them to areas that have struggled with controlling the virus. Consistent with national surveys, our results show that resistance to public health guidance is a partisan challenge even in states with high compliance. Identifying populations that are less supportive or hesitant to follow guidelines while understanding factors that motivate compliance can help inform strategies for developing targeted programs to encourage collective action on pandemic response. Developing communication strategies that reach people who do not believe COVID-19 guidelines keep them safe is necessary to reach universal compliance.
... Compared to younger adults, they are also more likely to engage in prosocial COVID-19 protective behaviors like social distancing and maskwearing. 19 The finding that older individuals have better sleep quality suggests they may be less psychologically impacted by the pandemic, consistent with other studies' findings that older adults experience lower levels of psychological symptoms and stress reactivity compared to younger adults, likely due to a higher degree of resilience. 38 Future research could examine health behaviors using multimodal and/or objective measures (e.g., food diaries to assess diet, polysomnography to assess sleep quality). ...
Anxiety associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and home confinement has been associated with adverse health behaviors, such as unhealthy eating, smoking, and drinking. However, most studies have been limited by regional sampling, which precludes the examination of behavioral consequences associated with the pandemic at a global level. Further, few studies operationalized pandemic-related stressors to enable the investigation of the impact of different types of stressors on health outcomes. This study examined the association between perceived risk of COVID-19 infection and economic burden of COVID-19 with health-promoting and health-damaging behaviors using data from the PsyCorona Study: an international, longitudinal online study of psychological and behavioral correlates of COVID-19. Analyses utilized data from 7,402 participants from 86 countries across three waves of assessment between May 16 and June 13, 2020. Participants completed self-report measures of COVID-19 infection risk, COVID-19-related economic burden, physical exercise, diet quality, cigarette smoking, sleep quality, and binge drinking. Multilevel structural equation modeling analyses showed that across three time points, perceived economic burden was associated with reduced diet quality and sleep quality, as well as increased smoking. Diet quality and sleep quality were lowest among respondents who perceived high COVID-19 infection risk combined with high economic burden. Neither binge drinking nor exercise were associated with perceived COVID-19 infection risk, economic burden, or their interaction. Findings point to the value of developing interventions to address COVID-related stressors, which have an impact on health behaviors that, in turn, may influence vulnerability to COVID-19 and other health outcomes.
... Additionally, as the pandemic poses a number of threats to people of different ages, we are interested in examining the role of age in increasing the desired tightness due to the COVID-19 threat. Age-related differences have been found in the risk of developing severe health outcomes [20], such as death [21], stress related to the anxiety of developing COVID-19 [22], and in how people perceive the costs of being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic [23,24]; in particular, as people age, they perceive higher costs of being infected with the virus, suggesting that they are aware of the increased personal health risks associated with the infection [23]. This further suggests that the age of individuals may influence their response to the COVID-19 threat, such that the relationship between perceived threat and personal desire for tightness could be moderated by participants' age. ...
... Additionally, as the pandemic poses a number of threats to people of different ages, we are interested in examining the role of age in increasing the desired tightness due to the COVID-19 threat. Age-related differences have been found in the risk of developing severe health outcomes [20], such as death [21], stress related to the anxiety of developing COVID-19 [22], and in how people perceive the costs of being affected by the COVID-19 pandemic [23,24]; in particular, as people age, they perceive higher costs of being infected with the virus, suggesting that they are aware of the increased personal health risks associated with the infection [23]. This further suggests that the age of individuals may influence their response to the COVID-19 threat, such that the relationship between perceived threat and personal desire for tightness could be moderated by participants' age. ...
... On the contrary, inappropriate behaviors pose a serious problem to societies because the behavior of each individual is fundamental in order to contain the spread of COVID-19 [6]. This is true even of very costly behaviors (e.g., long-term social isolation and self-quarantine), which serve the collective cause [23,30]. We could therefore expect the desire for tightening to increase the disapproval towards those who do not engage in this costly but necessary collaboration. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic is a health crisis that requires individuals to comply with many health-protective behaviors. Following the previous literature, cultural tightness has been found to be a key mechanism to increase coordination in order to mitigate collective threats (e.g., COVID-19). In this study, we test a moderated mediation model to examine whether the perceived COVID-19 threat could intensify the extent of desired tightness (i.e., a personal desire for cultural tightness), moderated by age. Subsequently, we test whether this could intensify individuals’ emotional reactions to non-compliance with COVID-19 health protective behaviors. The study relies on a cross-sectional design, with a sample of 624 participants residing in central Italy (i.e., Lazio). The data were collected from February to October 2021. Questionnaires contained self-reporting measures of the perceived COVID-19 threat, desired tightness, and personal emotional reactions to non-compliance with COVID-19 preventive measures (e.g., wearing a mask). The results confirm that the perceived COVID-19 threat is associated with an increase in the desire for cultural tightness—and that this relationship was moderated by age—and, consequently, with intolerance for noncompliance with preventive behaviors. Additionally, both direct and indirect effects of the perceived COVID-19 threat on negative emotional reactions to noncompliance were significant; this indirect effect was larger at high (+1 SD) age than at low (−1 SD) age. Overall, this research provides some insight into how people can respond to the current pandemic threat, and how this may have implications for violating rules and regulations to keep contagion under control.
... Indeed, Generations Y and Z pay more attention to social influence(Taylor et al., 2011) and SC behaviour(Bedard & Tolmie, 2018;Heo & Muralidharan, 2019) than other generations. Prior research on COVID-19 and consumer behaviour discusses the differences between generations(Eger et al., 2021;Jin et al., 2021;Severo et al., 2021) and markets(Islam et al., 2021;Keane & Neal, 2021), but few discuss the effects of markets and generations on SC(Severo et al., 2021). For instance, according to the global study byDeloitte (2020), Generations Y and Z both score high on FIN, and COVID-19 did not affect their buying behaviour. ...
The main purpose of this study is to gain an in‐depth understanding of the impact of financial prudence (FIN) on social influence and environmental satisfaction in the sustainable consumption (SC) behavioural model from a cross‐market intergenerational perspective in the context of COVID‐19. Surprisingly, we discovered that, during the COVID‐19 pandemic, significant differences emerge between the Chinese and European markets in the four factors (social influence, SC behaviour, environmental satisfaction, and FIN). Unpredictably, Generation X in the European market and Generation Y in the Chinese market had the highest FIN during the pandemic. Another substantial contribution is that, during the epidemic, the influence of social interaction promotes SC behaviour and social influence motivates users to implement SC behaviours by enhancing environmental satisfaction. However, differences arise in the moderating effect of FIN. In China, the moderating effect occurs in the relationship between social influence and SC behaviour, whereas, in Europe, it reflects in the relationship between social influence and environmental satisfaction.
