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Mitigating effects of SA and SA with 6 mM NO 3on the leaf RWC of plants of maize, cv. The determinations were performed 30 days after treatment. Each dot corresponds to five independent determinations with their SD (vertical bars). Different letters represent significant differences among treatments (Tukey test, P ≤ 0.05).
Source publication
and L. Cardemil. 2010. Mitigating effect of salicylic acid and nitrate on water relations and osmotic adjustment in maize, cv. Lluteño exposed to salinity. Cien. Inv. Agr. 37(3): 71-81. We analyzed the mitigating effect of NO 3 -and salicylic acid (SA) on the detrimental effects of salt stress by studying the water status of plants of maize grown i...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... application of NaCl caused a significant de- crease in RWC. The treatments with NO 3 - , 0.5 mM SA-NO 3 - and 1.0 mM SA counteracted the effect of NaCl, returning the RWC to the value of the con- trol plants without salinity (Figure 4). Although 0.5 mM SA mitigated the effect of 100 mM NaCl, it did not return RWC to the level of the control. ...
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Background
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Citations
... The findings of Escobar et al., (2010) and Anaya et al., (2018) indicated that seeds treated with SA lead to increase osmotic adjustment at the imbibition stage, which increased water uptake. Other suggestions declared SA-induced acidification of the cytosol resulted in aquaporin activation and faster seed imbibition (Shaikhabol-hasani & Roshandel, 2019). ...
Salt stress is a wide-reaching problem, and new strategies are required to alleviate this problem. This study was designed to define whether seed treated with plant hormones can reduce the negative impacts of salt stress on Hargel (Solenostemma argel (Del.) Hayne) during seeds germination and seedling growth. Hargel seeds were presoaked with plant hormones at the rate of 0.0 mM without hormone (CK), 0.144, 0.288 mM of gibberellic acid (GA 3), 0.362, 0.724 mM of salicylic acid (SA), and 0.285, 0.571 mM of indole acetic acid (IAA). Seeds were treated with salinized water at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM NaCl. The research was designed in CRD as a factorial experiment while each treatment was replicated thrice. The interaction between salinity and growth hormones significantly influenced water uptake at 24 h, shoot length, root length and root fresh weight. At 100 mM NaCl, the dose of 0.288 mM GA 3 increased root length by 19%; in addition, the dose of 0.724 mM SA increased shoot length by 57.5% and root length by 19.0%. However, the dose of 0.285 mM IAA increased by 139.2%, while the dose of 0.571 mM IAA increased water uptake after 24 h by 31.0% compared to 0.0 mM without hormone at 100 mM NaCl. These findings suggest that using 0.288 mM GA 3 , 0.724 mM SA, and 0.285 mM IAA in proper concentration might reduce inhibitory effects of salinity stress on Hargel.
... The RWC reduction incurred by salinity is also well documented in the literature (Parida and Das, 2005;Karlidag et al., 2009). Supplying SA can mitigate this effect to a large extent (Figure 2), as documented in maize (Escobar et al., 2010) and other plants as barley and cucumber (El-Tayeb, 2005;Yildirim et al., 2008), where SA benefit is attributed to lower transpiration rates associated with higher leaf diffuse resistance. ...
Soil salinity threatens agricultural production worldwide by constraining plant growth and final crop yield. The early stages are most sensitive to salinity, in response to which salicylic acid (SA) has demonstrated beneficial effects in various plant species. Based on this, a maize (Zea mays L.) pot experiment was set up combining three levels of soil salinity (0, 6 and 12 dS m-1), obtained through NaCl addition, with three levels of SA (0, 300 and 600 mM), applied by leaf spraying 20 days after seedling emergence. Fifteen days later, the following traits were assessed: morphology (plant height, leaf number), growth (root and shoot dry weight), leaf water status [relative water content (RWC), elec-trolyte leakage (EL)], pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, anthocyanin), antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, ascor-bate peroxidase, vitamin C), oxidative stress markers (H2O2, mal-ondialdehyde), osmo-regulating compounds (free amino acids, soluble proteins and sugars, proline), hormones [indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene], element (Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl) concentration and content in roots, stem and leaves. Salinity severely affected maize growth (-26% total dry weight), impaired leaf water status (-31% RWC), reduced photosynthetic pigments, enhanced all antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers, two osmo-regulating compounds (soluble sugars and proline) out of four, and all hormones except GA. SA was shown effective in containing most of the stress effects, while supporting plant defences by upgrading anti-oxidant activities (reduced oxidative stress markers), increasing cell membrane stability (-24% EL) and leaf water status (+20% RWC), and reducing plant stress signalling (-10% ABA and-20% ethylene). Above all, SA contrasted the massive entry of noxious ions (Na + and Cl-), in favour of K + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ accumulation. Lastly, salicylic acid was shown beneficial for maize growth and physiology also under non-saline condition, suggesting a potential use in normal field conditions.
... The RWC reduction incurred by salinity is also well documented in the literature (Parida and Das, 2005;Karlidag et al., 2009). Supplying SA can mitigate this effect to a large extent (Figure 2), as documented in maize (Escobar et al., 2010) and other plants as barley and cucumber (El-Tayeb, 2005;Yildirim et al., 2008), where SA benefit is attributed to lower transpiration rates associated with higher leaf diffuse resistance. ...
Soil salinity threatens agricultural production worldwide by constraining plant growth and final crop yield. The early stages are most sensitive to salinity, in response to which salicylic acid (SA) has demonstrated beneficial effects in various plant species. Based on this, a maize (Zea mays L.) pot experiment was set up combining three levels of soil salinity (0, 6 and 12 dS m–1), obtained through NaCl addition, with three levels of SA (0, 300 and 600 mM), applied by leaf spraying 20 days after seedling emergence. Fifteen days later, the following traits were assessed: morphology (plant height, leaf number), growth (root and shoot dry weight), leaf water status [relative water content (RWC), electrolyte leakage (EL)], pigments (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids, anthocyanin), antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, vitamin C), oxidative stress markers (H2O2, malondialdehyde), osmo-regulating compounds (free amino acids, soluble proteins and sugars, proline), hormones [indole-3-acetic acid, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene], element (Na, K, Ca, Mg and Cl) concentration and content in roots, stem and leaves. Salinity severely affected maize growth (–26% total dry weight), impaired leaf water status (–31% RWC), reduced photosynthetic pigments, enhanced all antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress markers, two osmo-regulating compounds (soluble sugars and proline) out of four, and all hormones except GA. SA was shown effective in containing most of the stress effects, while supporting plant defences by upgrading antioxidant activities (reduced oxidative stress markers), increasing cell membrane stability (–24% EL) and leaf water status (+20% RWC), and reducing plant stress signalling (–10% ABA and -20% ethylene). Above all, SA contrasted the massive entry of noxious ions (Na+ and Cl–), in favour of K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ accumulation. Lastly, salicylic acid was shown beneficial for maize growth and physiology also under non-saline condition, suggesting a potential use in normal field conditions.
Highlights
- Foliar applied salicylic acid alleviated salinity effects on maize growth at early plant stage.
- Salicylic acid improved leaf water status, chlorophyll content, and strengthened anti-oxidant enzymes under salinity.
- Salicylic acid reduced oxidative stress markers while enhancing osmo-regulating and hormonal responses to salinity.
- Salicylic acid hampered Na and Cl entry and translocation to above ground organs, preserving leaf cell membrane integrity.
- Salicylic acid was shown beneficial for maize growth and physiology also under non-saline conditions.
... Addition of SA to the growth medium protects plants against this loss of leaf water and osmotic potential. Escobar et al. (2010) found that 0.5 mM SA mitigated the effect of salinity on maize plants by increasing leaf relative water content, leaf C w , root C s , and leaf turgor potential. ...
Environmental stresses such as salinity directly impact crop growth, and by extension, world food supply and societal prosperity. It is estimated that over 800 million hectares of land throughout the world are salt-affected. In arid and semi-arid regions, salt concentration can be close to that in the seawater. Hence, there are intensive efforts to improve plant tolerance to salinity and other environmental stressors. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signal molecule for modulating plant responses to stress. In the present study, we examined, on multiple plant growth related endpoints, whether SA applied through the rooting medium could mitigate the adverse effects of salinity on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cv. Marmande. The latter is a hitherto understudied tomato plant from the above perspective; it is a classic variety that produces the large ribbed tomatoes in the Mediterranean and consumed worldwide. We found salt stress negatively affected the growth of cv. Marmande tomato plants. However, the SA-treated plants had greater shoot and root dry mass, leaf area compared to untreated plants when exposed to salt stress. Application of SA restores photosynthetic rates and photosynthetic pigment levels under salt (NaCl) exposure. Leaf water, osmotic potential, stomatal conductance transpiration rate, and biochemical parameters were also ameliorated in SA-treated plants under saline stress conditions. Overall, these data illustrate that SA increases cv. Marmande tomato growth by improving photosynthesis, regulation and balance of osmotic potential, induction of compatible osmolyte metabolism, and alleviating membrane damage. We suggest salicylic acid might be considered as a potential growth regulator to improve tomato plant salinity stress resistance, in the current era of global climate change.
... Seeds previously treated with KNO 3 or SC presented higher GSI values and first germination count if compared to non-treated seeds and seeds kept under saline stress. KNO 3 and SC are growth regulators that induce the plants to tolerance and development in saline environments, as observed for corn (ESCOBAR et al., 2010) and wheat (ZHENG et al., 2009). Table 1. ...
Papaya fruit (Carica papaya) is a species of great commercial agriculture importance. Although has a saline stress sensitivity. Potassium nitrate (KNO3) and nitric oxide are substances that inducing saline stress tolerance. The aim of this study was evaluate the effects of sildenafil citrate (SC) and KNO3 on the papaya seeds germination of under saline stress. Papaya seeds of hybrids Calimosa and JS12x Waimanalo were immersed in distilled water or KNO3 solutions and SC and followed germinated in distilled water or NaCl solution -0.3 MPa. Seeds of the hybrid JS12x Waimanalo had higher percentages of germination and normal seedlings. The controls of the two hybrids did not show saline stress tolerance during germination. Seeds of the hybrid JS12x Waimanalo, when treated with KNO3 or SC showed stress tolerance. The growth regulators tested were important in the induction of saline tolerance in papaya seeds.
... Seeds previously treated with KNO 3 or SC presented higher GSI values and first germination count if compared to non-treated seeds and seeds kept under saline stress. KNO 3 and SC are growth regulators that induce the plants to tolerance and development in saline environments, as observed for corn (ESCOBAR et al., 2010) and wheat (ZHENG et al., 2009). Table 1. ...
O mamão (Carica papaya) é uma espécie agrícola de grande importância comercial. Porém apresenta sensibilidade ao estresse salino. O nitrato de potássio (KNO3) e o oxido nítrico são substancias capazes de induzir tolerância ao estresse salino. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos KNO3 e do citrato de sildenafrila (CS) na germinação de sementes de mamão sob estresse salino. Sementes de mamão dos híbridos Calimosa e JS12 x Waimanalo foram tratadas por imersão em água destilada, em soluções KNO3 e de CS e, em seguida, colocadas para germinar em água destilada ou em solução de NaCl –0.3 MPa. As sementes do híbrido JS12 x Waimanalo apresentaram maiores porcentagens de germinação e plântulas normais. Os controles dos dois híbridos não apresentaram tolerância ao estresse salino durante a germinação. As sementes do híbrido JS12 x Waimanalo, quando tratadas com KNO3 ou CS apresentaram tolerância ao estresse. Os reguladores de crescimento testados foram importantes na indução à tolerância ao estresse salino em sementes de mamão.
... The increased germination rate by SA priming was also observed in the control as well as salt-stressed Brassica napus seedlings (Dolatabadian et al., 2008). SA might act in the imbibition stage by increasing osmotic adjustment (Escobar et al., 2010), but in the two studied species subjected to salinity conditions, the Na + concentration was unchanged in both species and the K + concentration was reduced in both species in non-photosynthetic organs. This priming did not contribute to enhanced osmoregulation, which rather could be the result of an accumulation of compatible solutes (Szepesi et al., 2009). ...
In this study, the effect of 100 µM salicylic acid (SA) priming on Hedysarum coronarium (a cosmopolitan species) and Hedysarum carnosum (a species endemic to Tunisian salt flats) subjected to 200 mM of NaCl at germination and seedling growth stages was analyzed. SA priming had a beneficial effect on germination, which was related to imbibition rather than reserve mobilisation, since the dry biomass of cotyledons was unchanged by salt stress and SA priming. The results showed that SA priming at the seedling growth stage alleviated salt-induced oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) and H 2 O 2 content. In addition, the two species demonstrated differential H 2 O 2 detoxification with the stimulation of catalase (CAT) activity in both species, but guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) stimulation was found to only occur in H. coronarium. Surprisingly, H. coronarium seedlings proved to be more tolerant to NaCl stress than H. carnosum seedlings. SA priming reinforced the salt tolerance of H. coronarium at both germination and seedling growth stages.
Rubber seeds are recalcitrant seed that are susceptible to fungal attack during storage, therefore it will lose strorability in a short time. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG 6000) to maintain strorability of shelled rubber seeds and the efficacy of fungicide to reduce fungal attack during storage. Completely randomized design was applied with two factors and three replications, i.e., PEG 6000 (%w/v): 0, 15, 30, 45, 60% and fungicide (active ingredients were Pyraclostrobin+Metiram): g/1 kg of seeds): 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 g. The results showed that 30% PEG maintained strorability of 12 and 16 days where the fungus attacks were 18 and 42%, respectively. Fungicide of 40 g/1 kg was effectively inhibited the growth of fungal during storage, where at 12 and 16 days had fungal attack of 19 and 40%, respectively. The combination of PEG-6000 30% and fungicide of 40 g/1 kg was effective in improving the seed viability, the seeds were able to stand fungal attack during storage of 16 days to 18 with 96% germination. PEG 6000 and fungicide blended with the right combination as a media store, had significant effect in maintaining seed viability.
