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Microscopic morphology of Mucor circinelloides on PDA after 6 days at 30°C, showing sporangium (white arrow), sporangio- spores (black arrowhead), and chlamydospores produced singly and in short chains (black arrows). Nomarski optics were used. Bar, 5 m.
Source publication
A case of primary cutaneous zygomycosis caused by Mucor circinelloides is described. Histopathology showed typical hyphae along with chlamydospores. The isolate was identified by molecular and
phenotypic methods. The utility of sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region is highlighted; however, further
studies are needed to assess...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... was no growth at 40°C. Colony di- ameters after 48 h on SAB were 5.9 cm at 25°C, 6.3 cm at 30°C, 5.6 cm at 35°C, and 4 cm at 37°C. Colonies on PDA at 30°C after 6 days were yellowish brown with raised mycelium. Mi- croscopic examination revealed globose yellowish brown spo- rangia, measuring 35 to 75 m in diameter, with finely rough- ened walls (Fig. 2). Columellae were subglobose to obovoid. Sporangiophores either were long and branched sympodially or were shorter with slightly recurved lateral branches. Spo- rangiospores were hyaline, were ellipsoidal to slightly asym-metrical or obovoidal, and measured 5.5 to 7 m long and 3.5 to 5.5 m wide (average, 6 by 4 m). Intercalary chlamydo- ...
Context 2
... Spo- rangiospores were hyaline, were ellipsoidal to slightly asym-metrical or obovoidal, and measured 5.5 to 7 m long and 3.5 to 5.5 m wide (average, 6 by 4 m). Intercalary chlamydo- spores were produced in the basal mycelium; they were thick- walled, subglobose, and oval or irregularly shaped and measured 40 m long and 30 m wide, on average (Fig. 2). Rhizoids and stolons were absent. Mating experiments were performed to test for the production of zygospores with M. circinelloides tester strains UAMH 8306 (plus) and UAMH 8307 (minus). The case isolate was paired with each tester strain on an oatmeal salts agar plate (prepared in-house) and overlaid with a cellophane membrane ...
Context 3
... methods have traditionally been used to identify clinically important Mucor species (2, 7, 26). However, the fact that most published reports refer only to the genus Mucor underlines the difficulties in species identification (16). ...
Context 4
... elements typical for a zygomycete (4,8) were present in the tissue of our patient, but the presentation was unusual in that hyphae also demonstrated the presence of chlamydo- spores (Fig. 1). Chlamydospores were solitary or in short chains and resembled those observed in culture (Fig. 2). Some Mucor species, including M. racemosus, Amylomyces (Mucor) rouxii, and M. amphibiorum, are described as being dimorphic and having the ability for yeast conversion in vitro (16). Stewart et al. considered the presence of round spherule-like structures in tissue as a definitive method for the diagnosis of M. am- phibiorum infection ...
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Citations
... A. Al Masud et al. maximum at 30 degrees Celsius and then at 25 degrees Celsius. The highest levels of mycelia growth and sporulation of C. blakesleeana were recorded in our experiment at 30˚C, which is similar to previous findings of Iwen et al. [22] who noted a significant decrease in mycelial growth and sporulation between 30˚C and 35˚C. The findings also show that C. blakesleeana mycelial growth is unaffected by temperature, and that the right mix of these factors may be used to prevent or delay the growth of the mold in order to minimize product losses and the economic impacts of fungal contamination. ...
... İnsanlarda en çok beş türün enfeksiyon etkeni olduğu gösterilmiş olmakla birlikte, tanımlanmış en az elli tür bulunmaktadır. İnsanlarda enfeksiyon etkeni türler; Mucor circinelloides, Mucor indicus, Mucor ramosissimus, Mucor hiemali ve Mucor racemosus'tur (3) . ...
... The primers that used for amplification of ITS region were selected according to (Iwen, et al., 2007). The primers sequence used for amplification of ITS region of M. circinelloides and their product size are shown in (Table 1) The PCR reaction was performed for detection of ITS region of M. circinelloides using twenty five microliters volumes including (12.5 μl of GoTaq Green Master Mix 2X (pH 8.5), 5.5 μl of nuclease free water, 400 deoxynucleoside triphosphate mix, 3 mM MgCl2), 2 μl of each primer and 3 μl of M. circinelloides DNA sample. ...
... The PCR sequencing was performed depending on PCR product using ITS primers. 19 . ...
... Figure (1) shows the microscopic feature of M. circinelloides staining with lacto phenol cotton blue. These results agreed with 19 who found that there are no growth on PDA medium after six days incubation period and the microscopic examination characterized with globose yellowish brown sporangia carried on long, branched and hyaline sporangiophores. cultural method has been used to identify clinically important species of Mucor. ...
Workload Aims: This study was aimed to detect of Mucor circinelloides in diabetic patients and compare between the cultural and molecular methods for rapid and efficiency detection Materials and Methods: A total of one hundred specimens were collected from patients with diabetes mellitus who attended medical city in Baghdad for a period of four months. Clinical diagnosis were done by physician. The specimens were classified as (Blood, Cutaneous and sputum). According to the gender, the specimens were sixty eight males and thirty two females. Different cultural and molecular detection methods were used for identification of M. circinelloides. Results: Five isolates of M. circinelloides were identified using different cultural media and PCR method. The molecular weight of M. circinelloides bands using PCR method was ~650 bp. Depending on PCR sequencing method, only one isolate was showed substitution mutation in amino acid is (I). Conclusions: The efficacy of used different cultural methods and molecular methods to isolate M. circinelloides were similar but, molecular methods are less time consuming.
... The data informed that the highest growth of A. elegans was recorded at 30⁰C, followed by 25⁰C. In our experiment, A. elegans grew maximum at 30⁰C which is consistent with the previous findings of Iwen et al., (2007) who cited that the highest mycelia growth and sporulation of A. elegans registered at 30⁰C. The result also showed that temperature has no effect on the mycelial growth of A. elegans and that their appropriate temperature can be used to inhibit the growth of the studied fungus to maintain the quality. ...
Small indigenous species (SIS) of fishes are available source of animal protein, vitamin and minerals, not commonly available in other foods in Bangladesh. These fishes are eaten both in fresh and dried condition. Puntious sophore was collected from different regions of Baikka Beel at Sreemangal Upazila, Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh to investigate mycoflora association with dried condition. Fungus was isolated from dried fish using tissue planting methods for classical and molecular characterization. Aspergillus elegans was identified through classical taxonomy and molecular approach based on ITS region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of fungi. For analyzing ITS4 and ITS5 were used. Mycelium of the identified fungus septated, hyaline, abundant and branched. Long, straight or flexous conidiophore were present. The molecular phylogeny in morphologically identified dry fish fungi of P. sophore such as A. elegans was studied based on their internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The sequences of ITS 600 bp region of A. elegans had 5.8S of rDNA sequences were identical. The highest mycelial growth was recorded in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for the growth and development of A. elegans. Temperature 30°C was optimum, this fungus grew well in pH 7. So, tested fungi grew well in neutral condition. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 10(1 & 2): 39-47, 2021 (June & December)
... The data informed that the highest growth of M. circinelloides was recorded at 30⁰C, followed by 25⁰C. In our experiment, M. circinelloides grew the maximum at 30⁰C which is consistent with the previous findings of Iwen et al. (2007) who cited that the highest mycelia growth and sporulation of Mucor circinelloides registered at 30⁰C, a sudden fall in mycelial growth and sporulation observed at 30⁰C and 35⁰C. Mucor circinelloides grew with well-developed mycelium at 20ºC to 35ºC. ...
Mucor circinelloides were isolated from post harvest infected papaya, which was collected from Savar region. M. circinelloides was identified by morphology and biology of fungus based on colony features, fungal mycelium, sporangia and sporagiospores as well as molecular approach. Mycelial colonies are floccose, pale greyish-brown. Sporangiophores were transparent, long, erect and shorter branches, 4.5-7 x 3.5-5 μm in size. Sporangia are hyaline, spherical, ranged from 20-80 μm in diameter. Columellae were hyaline, spherical to ellipsoidal up to 50 μm in diameter. The highest mycelial growth was recorded in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for the growth and development of M. circinelloides. Temperature 30°C was optimum. This fungus grew well in pH 7. So, tested fungi grew well in neutral condition. Complete dark condition was favourable for the vegetative growth of the fungus. The molecular phylogeny in morphologically identified post-harvest pathogenic fungi of papaya such as M. circinelloides were studied based on their ITS. The sequences of ITS region of M. circinelloides revealed that the total length was 620 bp and sequence analysis suggested that 5.8S of rDNA sequences were identical. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 10(1 & 2): 31-38, 2021 (June & December)
... It is reported that R. pusillus infections can even cause death. This fungus is also pathogenic in animals and can cause mucormycotic abortion [24]. ...
We aimed to analyze airborne microorganisms and assess air quality, temperature, and relative humidity at “J” Market, an arcade-type traditional market in Anseong (South Korea). Measurements were taken 16 times, twice per quarter (January, April, July, and October), at both the entrance and intersection of the market in 2020. The concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi at the entrance and intersection were highest in October and lowest in April; however, they were below the recommended indoor levels (airborne bacteria: <800 CFU/m3, airborne fungi: <500 CFU/m3) in January (second measurement) and April (first and second measurements). The concentrations of microbes during the first measurement in January and both measurements in July and October exceeded the allowed limits. The concentration of microorganisms exceeded the acceptable levels at relative humidity ≥60%. At all time points, except during the eighth survey, when the microorganisms were too numerous to count, microbial concentrations were higher at the intersection than at the entrance. It was confirmed that the microorganisms detected in this experiment were 26 species of bacteria and 21 species of fungi. Three of the four species of bacteria and fungi detected in more than 50% of the 16 experimental results were pathogenic. Our findings suggest that air purification systems must be installed in the market to improve sanitary conditions.
... In Figure 1, the morphological characteristics of the strain are presented. The macroscopic characterization shows gray and aerial mycelium (a), while the microscopic characteristics are sporangiospores (biggest globes), showed in (b) [42]. The hyphal-yeast morphology can be observed in (c) and (d), where the yeast shape appeared as globes with agglomerations adhered in the hypha [43]. ...
... The morphological and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the strain identity as circinelloides. In Figure 1, the morphological characteristics of the strain are presente macroscopic characterization shows gray and aerial mycelium (a), while the micro characteristics are sporangiospores (biggest globes), showed in (b) [42]. The hyphal morphology can be observed in (c) and (d), where the yeast shape appeared as globe agglomerations adhered in the hypha [43]. ...
Xylose is the second most abundant monomeric sugar on earth. Nevertheless, metabolizing xylose into ethanol is a complex process due to several biochemical reactions. Some microorganisms of the genus Mucor are suitable for this bioprocess. Using metal ions, such as zinc and calcium, allows some fungal species to increase their ethanol yield. In this work, the wild strain Mucor spp. (C1502) was molecularly identified via internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Secondly, an optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite experimental design (CCD) was carried out. The independent variables (X) were ZnSO4·7H2O (X1, 0.0–1.5 g/L) and CaCl2 (X2, 0.0–2.5 g/L) concentration in the fermentation broth in order to demonstrate the effect of these ions, xylose was used as the only carbon source. The dependent variables (Y) measured were ethanol yield (Y1, g ethanol/g xylose) and xylitol yield (Y2, g xylitol/g xylose). The identified strain, Mucor circinelloides, was given the accession number MN128960 by the NCBI. Once the optimal concentrations of zinc and calcium were calculated, experimental validation was performed, with the highest ethanol and xylitol yields reaching 0.36 g ethanol/g xylose and 0.35 g xylitol/g xylose, respectively. This study demonstrated that increasing the xylitol yield using the effect of the ions, zinc and calcium, increases the ethanol yield. Furthermore, M. circinelloides (C1502) can produce metabolites, such as ethanol and xylitol, from the xylose obtained from hemicellulose biomasses, which can be used as a carbon source at low cost and with great availability.
... In patients without underlying diseases, the MCC usually causes cutaneous or subcutaneous infections (Morin-Sardin et al. 2016) or infections related to extensive burns (Garcia-Hermoso et al. 2018), or deep trauma (Vitrat-Hincky et al. 2009). Systemic infections caused by the MCC have been reported in patients with impaired immunity due to hematologic malignancies (Fingeroth et al. 1994, Chandra & Woodgyer 2002, Iwen et al. 2007, Sugui et al. 2011, Racsa et al. 2016, uncontrolled diabetes (Dizbay et al. 2009) or severe intestinal dysfunctions (Chan-Tack et al. 2005, Kumar et al. 2018). Contamination of food by M. circinelloides can cause gastrointestinal disorders (Lee et al. 2014). ...
Mucor species are common soil fungi but also known as agents of human infections (mucormycosis) and used in food production and biotechnology. Mucor circinelloides is the Mucor species that is most frequently isolated from clinical sources. The taxonomy of Mucor circinelloides and its close relatives ( Mucor circinelloides complex – MCC) is still based on morphology and mating behaviour. The aim of the present study was a revised taxonomy of the MCC using a polyphasic approach. Using a set of 100 strains molecular phylogenetic analysis of five markers (ITS, rpb1 , tsr1 , mcm7 , and cfs , introduced here) were performed, combined with phenotypic studies, mating tests and the determination of the maximum growth temperatures. The multi-locus analyses revealed 16 phylogenetic species of which 14 showed distinct phenotypical traits and were recognised as discrete species. Five of these species are introduced as novel taxa: M. amethystinus sp. nov., M. atramentarius sp. nov., M. variicolumellatus sp. nov., M. pseudocircinelloides sp. nov., and M. pseudolusitanicus sp. nov. The former formae of M. circinelloides represent one or two separate species. In the MCC, the simple presence of well-shaped zygospores only indicates a close relation of both strains, but not necessarily conspecificity. Seven species of the MCC have been implemented in human infection: M. circinelloides , M. griseocyanus, M. janssenii, M. lusitanicus , M. ramosissimus, M. variicolumellatus , and M. velutinosus .
... Like the two said Vibrio species, this fungus was consistently isolated also from coral mucous and soft tissues showing clear signs of necrosis. Mucor circinelloides is considered an opportunistic mould responsible for tissue necrosis in yellow catfish (Ke et al., 2009) as well as cases of mucormycosis (previously called zygomycosis) in immunocompromised humans (Iwen et al., 2007;Dizbay et al., 2009;Karan et al., 2014). According to the scientific literature, moulds in order Mucorales are ubiquitous in nature, but associated mostly with soil/terrestrial habitats, more specifically plants, processed food, dung, compost piles and decaying fruit (Richardson, 2009). ...
A massive die-off of benthic suspension feeders (BSF) covered by large amounts of sediments was observed along Prince Islands coasts (north-eastern Sea of Marmara) in August 2015. Alcyonarians, pennatulaceans, bivalves and sponges were severely affected. Many BSF probably died from burial and clogging of their feeding and respiratory apparatus. Of the gorgonian colonies, 66 ± 34% (mean ± SD) were dead, while 15 ± 16% (mean ± SD) displayed recent necrosis on the colony surface. In addition, histopathological and microbial examinations of the affected gorgonians and gold corals ( Savalia savaglia ) suggest that stress caused by sedimentation made them vulnerable to exploitation by consistently isolated opportunistic microorganisms. We isolated Vibrio splendidus and Vibrio neptunius from diseased gold coral colonies, but the bacterial isolates obtained from gorgonians could only be identified to genus Vibrio level. The presumably artificially introduced fungus Mucor circinelloides was common on both gold coral and gorgonians. This mould and opportunistic bacteria may have colonized BSF by taking advantage of low oxygen levels leading to impaired coral immune responses and thereby exacerbated the BSF mortality. Construction and landfill operations at Yassıada seem to be the greatest contributor to the observed sedimentation, as shown by silicate concentrations in nearby waters. These observations imply that preventive measures are necessary when construction operations take place in the vicinity of sensitive marine habitats.
... One possibility is that only few hyphae were present in the biopsies, which could have decreased the PCR yield. 30 In the present study, PCR amplification of 18S rDNA was performed by ZM primers for 2 cases and the sequencing results revealed R. arrhizus/Amylomyces rouxii, as shown in Table 2. Amylomyces rouxii has not been identified as a human pathogen so far, 31 Hesseltine 35 has noted that A. rouxii may be a mutant species of R. arrhizus. ...
Background
Accurate diagnosis of mucormycosis, a life‐threatening fungal infection, remains a challenge for physicians.
Objectives
To identify the causative Mucorales in fresh clinical samples and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) samples of patients with proven mucormycosis by molecular method.
Patients/Methods
Fresh clinical samples of patients with proven mucormycosis according to the EORTC/MSG criteria admitted between 2015 and 2017 and histopathologically proven FFPE archives collected during 2004‐2007 and 2015‐2017 from Mazandaran University‐affiliated hospitals of northern Iran were included. Semi‐nested PCR targeting the 18S rDNA of Mucorales and ITS region was performed and PCR products were then sequenced.
Results
While culture was positive only in 5 of 9 (56%) of fresh specimen cases, PCR was positive in all 9 (100%) histologically proven mucormycosis. Ten of 18 (56%) FFPE samples were PCR‐positive. Overall, Mucorales PCR was positive in 19 of 27 (70%) samples. Mucorales species were Rhizopus arrhizus in 16 (84%) cases, Rhizopus arrhizus / Amylomyces rouxii in 2 (10.5%) cases and Rhizopus stolonifer in one case (5.5%). Among 27 mucormycosis cases, 25 (93%) cases were rhinocerebral, and 2 (7%) disseminated. Diabetes mellitus (74%) and neutropenia (63%) were the main risk factors.
Conclusions
Semi‐nested PCR targeting 18S rDNA region of Mucorales is useful for identification of the causative agents of mucormycosis.
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