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Microscopic morphology of Mucor circinelloides on PDA after 6 days at 30°C, showing sporangium (white arrow), sporangiospores (black arrowhead), and chlamydospores produced singly and in short chains (black arrows). Nomarski optics were used. Bar, 5 μm.
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A case of primary cutaneous zygomycosis caused by Mucor circinelloides is described. Histopathology showed typical hyphae along with chlamydospores. The isolate was identified by molecular and
phenotypic methods. The utility of sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region is highlighted; however, further
studies are needed to assess...
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Citations
... The Gangetic hairfin anchovy or Setipinna phasa (Hamilton, 1822) fish are carnivores in nature and mostly devour the food found on the water's surface and in the water column in their habitats. According to Shafi & Quddus (1982), the fish is widespread in the tidal rivers, estuaries and shallow coastal regions of Bangladesh, as well as in former Burma (Myanmar) and undivided India (Day, 1889). S. phasa have been regarded as an excellent source of important proteins, macronutrients and micronutrients, vitamins and minerals, all of which can significantly contribute to meeting a person's nutritional needs. ...
... The data informed that the highest growth of Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis was recorded at 30°C, followed by 25°C. In our experiment, Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis grew maximum at 30⁰C which is consistent with the previous findings of Iwen et al. (2007) who cited that the highest mycelia growth and sporulation of A. elegans registered at 30°C. ...
Setipinna phasa is known as Phasha maach, a common fish in Bangladesh popular as sutki (dried fish). Since Bangladesh exports a significant amount of dried fish to other countries, this study was conducted to find out the fungus associated with the dried fish as well as its morphological characteristics, cultural factors and molecular identification. Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis was isolated from Setipinnaphasa and identified by analysis of mycelium and conidia morphologyas well as by analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) of Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis PCR products measuring 606 bp and a blast search revealed 99% sequence similarity to the Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis species complex. Analysis of the pathogen’s vegetative growth characteristics revealed that Hennerberg media (22mm) and yeast extract mannitol media (12mm), had, on average, the highest and lowest mycelial growth rates, respectively. The optimal pH and temperature for mycelial growth of Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis were 7 and 30˚C, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this finding of Aspergillus ochraceopetaliformis from Setipinna phasa is the first-ever work in Bangladesh. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 12(1 & 2): 87-95, 2023 (June & December)
... FESEM provides much higher resolution and depth of field compared to light microscopy used in H&E or GMS staining which allows for more detailed visualization of fungal structures like species, potentially aiding in accurate identification. It enables the observer to see the minute structural differences between Aspergillus and Mucorales hyphal width, the pattern of branching, the presence or absence of septae and other morphological features that are critical for the identification of fungal species [13]. The three-dimensional view of the fungal surface topography from the FESEM is crucial when identifying specific structural features of fungi, like spore formation or hyphal characteristics, which could be potentially masked or misinterpreted in H&E or GMS staining. ...
... The three-dimensional view of the fungal surface topography from the FESEM is crucial when identifying specific structural features of fungi, like spore formation or hyphal characteristics, which could be potentially masked or misinterpreted in H&E or GMS staining. In a dual invasion by both Aspergillus and Mucorales, FESEM can distinctly depict the unique morphological characteristics of each fungus where the H&E or GMS staining, in contrast, might not offer this level of distinction, especially if the fungal structures overlap or intermingle [13]. ...
The treatment of fungal infections presents signifcant challenges due to the lack of standardized diagnostic procedures, a restricted range of antifungal treatments, and
the risk of harmful interactions between antifungal medications and the immunosuppressive drugs used in anti-infammatory treatment for critically ill patients with COVID-19. Mucormycosis and aspergillosis are the primary invasive fungal infections in patients with severe COVID-19, occurring singly or in combination. Histopathological examination is a vital diagnostic technique that details the presence and invasion of fungi within tissues and blood vessels, and the body’s response to the infection. However, the pathology report omits information on the most common fungi associated with the observed morphology, as well as other potential fungi and parasites that ought to be included in the diferential diagnosis. This research marks signifcance in diagnosing fungal infections, such as mucormycosis and aspergillosis associated to COVID-19 by feld emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) imaging to examine unstained histopathology slides, allowing for a detailed morphological analysis of the fungus. FESEM provides an
unprecedented resolution and detail, surpassing traditional Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) and Grocott’s Methenamine Silver (GMS) staining methods in identifying and diferentiating dual fungal infections and diverse fungal species. The fndings underscore the critical need for individualized treatment plans for patients severely afected by COVID-19 and compounded by secondary fungal infections. The high-magnifcation micrographs reveal specifc fungal morphology and reproductive patterns. Current treatment protocols largely depend on broad-spectrum antifungal therapies. However this FESEM guided diagnostic approach can help in targeted patient specifc anti fungal therapies. Such precision could lead to more efective early interventions, addressing the complex management required for severe
COVID-19 cases with coexisting fungal infections. This approach signifcantly advances disease management and patient recovery, advocating for personalized, precision medicine in tackling this multifaceted clinical challenge.
... A. Al Masud et al. maximum at 30 degrees Celsius and then at 25 degrees Celsius. The highest levels of mycelia growth and sporulation of C. blakesleeana were recorded in our experiment at 30˚C, which is similar to previous findings of Iwen et al. [22] who noted a significant decrease in mycelial growth and sporulation between 30˚C and 35˚C. The findings also show that C. blakesleeana mycelial growth is unaffected by temperature, and that the right mix of these factors may be used to prevent or delay the growth of the mold in order to minimize product losses and the economic impacts of fungal contamination. ...
... İnsanlarda en çok beş türün enfeksiyon etkeni olduğu gösterilmiş olmakla birlikte, tanımlanmış en az elli tür bulunmaktadır. İnsanlarda enfeksiyon etkeni türler; Mucor circinelloides, Mucor indicus, Mucor ramosissimus, Mucor hiemali ve Mucor racemosus'tur (3) . ...
... The primers that used for amplification of ITS region were selected according to (Iwen, et al., 2007). The primers sequence used for amplification of ITS region of M. circinelloides and their product size are shown in (Table 1) The PCR reaction was performed for detection of ITS region of M. circinelloides using twenty five microliters volumes including (12.5 μl of GoTaq Green Master Mix 2X (pH 8.5), 5.5 μl of nuclease free water, 400 deoxynucleoside triphosphate mix, 3 mM MgCl2), 2 μl of each primer and 3 μl of M. circinelloides DNA sample. ...
... The PCR sequencing was performed depending on PCR product using ITS primers. 19 . ...
... Figure (1) shows the microscopic feature of M. circinelloides staining with lacto phenol cotton blue. These results agreed with 19 who found that there are no growth on PDA medium after six days incubation period and the microscopic examination characterized with globose yellowish brown sporangia carried on long, branched and hyaline sporangiophores. cultural method has been used to identify clinically important species of Mucor. ...
Workload Aims: This study was aimed to detect of Mucor circinelloides in diabetic patients and compare between the cultural and molecular methods for rapid and efficiency detection Materials and Methods: A total of one hundred specimens were collected from patients with diabetes mellitus who attended medical city in Baghdad for a period of four months. Clinical diagnosis were done by physician. The specimens were classified as (Blood, Cutaneous and sputum). According to the gender, the specimens were sixty eight males and thirty two females. Different cultural and molecular detection methods were used for identification of M. circinelloides. Results: Five isolates of M. circinelloides were identified using different cultural media and PCR method. The molecular weight of M. circinelloides bands using PCR method was ~650 bp. Depending on PCR sequencing method, only one isolate was showed substitution mutation in amino acid is (I). Conclusions: The efficacy of used different cultural methods and molecular methods to isolate M. circinelloides were similar but, molecular methods are less time consuming.
... The data informed that the highest growth of A. elegans was recorded at 30⁰C, followed by 25⁰C. In our experiment, A. elegans grew maximum at 30⁰C which is consistent with the previous findings of Iwen et al., (2007) who cited that the highest mycelia growth and sporulation of A. elegans registered at 30⁰C. The result also showed that temperature has no effect on the mycelial growth of A. elegans and that their appropriate temperature can be used to inhibit the growth of the studied fungus to maintain the quality. ...
Small indigenous species (SIS) of fishes are available source of animal protein, vitamin and minerals, not commonly available in other foods in Bangladesh. These fishes are eaten both in fresh and dried condition. Puntious sophore was collected from different regions of Baikka Beel at Sreemangal Upazila, Moulvibazar district, Bangladesh to investigate mycoflora association with dried condition. Fungus was isolated from dried fish using tissue planting methods for classical and molecular characterization. Aspergillus elegans was identified through classical taxonomy and molecular approach based on ITS region of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of fungi. For analyzing ITS4 and ITS5 were used. Mycelium of the identified fungus septated, hyaline, abundant and branched. Long, straight or flexous conidiophore were present. The molecular phylogeny in morphologically identified dry fish fungi of P. sophore such as A. elegans was studied based on their internal transcribed spacer (ITS). The sequences of ITS 600 bp region of A. elegans had 5.8S of rDNA sequences were identical. The highest mycelial growth was recorded in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for the growth and development of A. elegans. Temperature 30°C was optimum, this fungus grew well in pH 7. So, tested fungi grew well in neutral condition. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 10(1 & 2): 39-47, 2021 (June & December)
... The data informed that the highest growth of M. circinelloides was recorded at 30⁰C, followed by 25⁰C. In our experiment, M. circinelloides grew the maximum at 30⁰C which is consistent with the previous findings of Iwen et al. (2007) who cited that the highest mycelia growth and sporulation of Mucor circinelloides registered at 30⁰C, a sudden fall in mycelial growth and sporulation observed at 30⁰C and 35⁰C. Mucor circinelloides grew with well-developed mycelium at 20ºC to 35ºC. ...
Mucor circinelloides were isolated from post harvest infected papaya, which was collected from Savar region. M. circinelloides was identified by morphology and biology of fungus based on colony features, fungal mycelium, sporangia and sporagiospores as well as molecular approach. Mycelial colonies are floccose, pale greyish-brown. Sporangiophores were transparent, long, erect and shorter branches, 4.5-7 x 3.5-5 μm in size. Sporangia are hyaline, spherical, ranged from 20-80 μm in diameter. Columellae were hyaline, spherical to ellipsoidal up to 50 μm in diameter. The highest mycelial growth was recorded in potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for the growth and development of M. circinelloides. Temperature 30°C was optimum. This fungus grew well in pH 7. So, tested fungi grew well in neutral condition. Complete dark condition was favourable for the vegetative growth of the fungus. The molecular phylogeny in morphologically identified post-harvest pathogenic fungi of papaya such as M. circinelloides were studied based on their ITS. The sequences of ITS region of M. circinelloides revealed that the total length was 620 bp and sequence analysis suggested that 5.8S of rDNA sequences were identical. Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 10(1 & 2): 31-38, 2021 (June & December)
... It is reported that R. pusillus infections can even cause death. This fungus is also pathogenic in animals and can cause mucormycotic abortion [24]. ...
We aimed to analyze airborne microorganisms and assess air quality, temperature, and relative humidity at “J” Market, an arcade-type traditional market in Anseong (South Korea). Measurements were taken 16 times, twice per quarter (January, April, July, and October), at both the entrance and intersection of the market in 2020. The concentrations of airborne bacteria and fungi at the entrance and intersection were highest in October and lowest in April; however, they were below the recommended indoor levels (airborne bacteria: <800 CFU/m3, airborne fungi: <500 CFU/m3) in January (second measurement) and April (first and second measurements). The concentrations of microbes during the first measurement in January and both measurements in July and October exceeded the allowed limits. The concentration of microorganisms exceeded the acceptable levels at relative humidity ≥60%. At all time points, except during the eighth survey, when the microorganisms were too numerous to count, microbial concentrations were higher at the intersection than at the entrance. It was confirmed that the microorganisms detected in this experiment were 26 species of bacteria and 21 species of fungi. Three of the four species of bacteria and fungi detected in more than 50% of the 16 experimental results were pathogenic. Our findings suggest that air purification systems must be installed in the market to improve sanitary conditions.
... In Figure 1, the morphological characteristics of the strain are presented. The macroscopic characterization shows gray and aerial mycelium (a), while the microscopic characteristics are sporangiospores (biggest globes), showed in (b) [42]. The hyphal-yeast morphology can be observed in (c) and (d), where the yeast shape appeared as globes with agglomerations adhered in the hypha [43]. ...
... The morphological and phylogenetic analyses confirmed the strain identity as circinelloides. In Figure 1, the morphological characteristics of the strain are presente macroscopic characterization shows gray and aerial mycelium (a), while the micro characteristics are sporangiospores (biggest globes), showed in (b) [42]. The hyphal morphology can be observed in (c) and (d), where the yeast shape appeared as globe agglomerations adhered in the hypha [43]. ...
Xylose is the second most abundant monomeric sugar on earth. Nevertheless, metabolizing xylose into ethanol is a complex process due to several biochemical reactions. Some microorganisms of the genus Mucor are suitable for this bioprocess. Using metal ions, such as zinc and calcium, allows some fungal species to increase their ethanol yield. In this work, the wild strain Mucor spp. (C1502) was molecularly identified via internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. Secondly, an optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite experimental design (CCD) was carried out. The independent variables (X) were ZnSO4·7H2O (X1, 0.0–1.5 g/L) and CaCl2 (X2, 0.0–2.5 g/L) concentration in the fermentation broth in order to demonstrate the effect of these ions, xylose was used as the only carbon source. The dependent variables (Y) measured were ethanol yield (Y1, g ethanol/g xylose) and xylitol yield (Y2, g xylitol/g xylose). The identified strain, Mucor circinelloides, was given the accession number MN128960 by the NCBI. Once the optimal concentrations of zinc and calcium were calculated, experimental validation was performed, with the highest ethanol and xylitol yields reaching 0.36 g ethanol/g xylose and 0.35 g xylitol/g xylose, respectively. This study demonstrated that increasing the xylitol yield using the effect of the ions, zinc and calcium, increases the ethanol yield. Furthermore, M. circinelloides (C1502) can produce metabolites, such as ethanol and xylitol, from the xylose obtained from hemicellulose biomasses, which can be used as a carbon source at low cost and with great availability.
... In patients without underlying diseases, the MCC usually causes cutaneous or subcutaneous infections (Morin-Sardin et al. 2016) or infections related to extensive burns (Garcia-Hermoso et al. 2018), or deep trauma (Vitrat-Hincky et al. 2009). Systemic infections caused by the MCC have been reported in patients with impaired immunity due to hematologic malignancies (Fingeroth et al. 1994, Chandra & Woodgyer 2002, Iwen et al. 2007, Sugui et al. 2011, Racsa et al. 2016, uncontrolled diabetes (Dizbay et al. 2009) or severe intestinal dysfunctions (Chan-Tack et al. 2005, Kumar et al. 2018). Contamination of food by M. circinelloides can cause gastrointestinal disorders (Lee et al. 2014). ...
Mucor species are common soil fungi but also known as agents of human infections (mucormycosis) and used in food production and biotechnology. Mucor circinelloides is the Mucor species that is most frequently isolated from clinical sources. The taxonomy of Mucor circinelloides and its close relatives ( Mucor circinelloides complex – MCC) is still based on morphology and mating behaviour. The aim of the present study was a revised taxonomy of the MCC using a polyphasic approach. Using a set of 100 strains molecular phylogenetic analysis of five markers (ITS, rpb1 , tsr1 , mcm7 , and cfs , introduced here) were performed, combined with phenotypic studies, mating tests and the determination of the maximum growth temperatures. The multi-locus analyses revealed 16 phylogenetic species of which 14 showed distinct phenotypical traits and were recognised as discrete species. Five of these species are introduced as novel taxa: M. amethystinus sp. nov., M. atramentarius sp. nov., M. variicolumellatus sp. nov., M. pseudocircinelloides sp. nov., and M. pseudolusitanicus sp. nov. The former formae of M. circinelloides represent one or two separate species. In the MCC, the simple presence of well-shaped zygospores only indicates a close relation of both strains, but not necessarily conspecificity. Seven species of the MCC have been implemented in human infection: M. circinelloides , M. griseocyanus, M. janssenii, M. lusitanicus , M. ramosissimus, M. variicolumellatus , and M. velutinosus .
