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Microalgae composition, abundance, diversity and biomass of the Qua Iboe Estuary mangrove swamp were studied. The results
revealed the rich assemblage of the brackish ecosystem. Six major taxanomic classes were encountered. These were the Bacillariophyceae,
Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Chrysophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Phaeophyceae. Their compositi...
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... season densities were higher, ranging from 39 cells/kg to 82 cells/kg in epipellic sediment, 87 cells/kg to 111 cells/kg in benthic sediment and from 74 cells/l to 163 cells/l in pelagic water column of the mangrove ecosys- tem. The composition of microalgae (Table 4) indicated six major groups including the Bacillar- iophyceae, Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Crys- ophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Phaeophyceae. The dominant group was the Bacillariophyceae, which contributed 97.30%, 91.96% and 99.14% of microalgae respectively, in the surface water, epipellic and benthic habitats of the mangrove ecosystem. ...
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The present study examined the taxonomic diversity of silica-scaled chrysophytes in the estuaries of the Arctic watershed of Yakutia in the context of global climate change, as these aquatic organisms are highly sensitive to environmental changes. Previously, 41 species of silica-scaled chrysophytes were recorded in the waters of Yakutia. In the pr...
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... Table 3. Values of species diversity (H'), species richness (H' max), and evenness (J') of the epipelic microalgae community in Talabaan Estuary, Naawan, Misamis Oriental, Philippines Microalgae abundance during the dry season is expected to be high as reduced terrestrial runoff during these seasons may have enhanced the productivity of microalgae communities such as pennate diatoms (Essien et al. 2008); however, this was not the case for this study. Compared to the wet season, the dry season's mean abundance of epipelic microalgae was generally low, ranging from 94 to 148 cells mL -1 , while the damp season had a mean abundance ranging from 318 to 964 cells mL -1 (Figure 4). ...
Tucong EJA, Tubio EG, Leopardas VE. 2024. Diversity of epipelic microalgae in a shallow, tropical estuary of Northern Mindanao, Philippines. Biodiversitas 25: 3237-3245. Microphytobenthos are important primary producers in many of the most critical ecosystems, including the estuary. However, environmental variables, including season, influenced their abundance and diversity. In this study, spatial and temporal patterns of epipelic microalgae in Talabaan Estuary Naawan, Misamis Oriental, were conducted last October 2016 and February 2017 to represent wet and dry seasons, respectively. The species composition and diversity of epipelic microalgae samples were assessed using an improvised corer (2 cm, inner diameter). Only the upper 10 mm. of the cored sample was analyzed. Forty-eight species belonging to 33 families and 35 genera were identified and documented in the estuary. Diatoms (Class Bacillariophyta) were found to be the most dominant group, with about 90% of the epipelic microalgae community composed mainly of chains of cells and formed in colonies. Navicula sp. and Nitzschia sp. were among the species found in all sampled stations. The common occurrence of this species across all stations in wet and dry seasons indicated that they are the typical euryhaline species of this tropical estuary. The abundance and diversity of the epipelic microalgae community were found to vary across stations and seasons (p<0.05), but the interaction between these variables did not differ significantly. When abiotic and biological factors were regressed, a significant relationship was found with temperature, while all other factors exhibited no considerable variation. This highlights the effect of seasons in shaping benthic microalgae communities and is an essential factor in structuring microphytobenthic communities in an estuary.
... Cyanobacteria are key species adapted to the generally very changeable circumstances among the highly varied microbial communities observed in mangrove habitats [1,3]. They are also one of the main primary producers supporting marine fisheries that rely on mangrove ecosystems [4]. The organic material produced by these organisms at the base of the mangrove ecosystem cascades through multiple levels in the food web [5]. ...
A new microcystin-producing mangrove cyanobacterium, Aliinostoc bakau sp. nov., was isolated from a tropical mangrove in Penang, Malaysia, and characterized using combined morphological and phylogenetic approaches. Cultures were established in liquid media of different salinities (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 ppt). Optimal growth observed at both 7 and 14 ppt was consistent with the origin of the strain from an estuarine mangrove environment. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene strongly indicated that the strain is a member of the genus Aliinostoc and is distinct from other currently sequenced species in the genus. The sequences and secondary structure of the 16S–23S ITS region D1–D1’ and Box–B helices provided further confirmation that the new species is clearly distinct from previously described Aliinostoc species. Amplification of the mcyE gene fragment associated with the production of microcystin in A. bakau revealed that it is identical to that in other known microcystin-producing cyanobacteria. Analysis of the extracts obtained from this strain by HPLC-MS/MS confirmed the presence of microcystin variants (MC-LR and -YR) at concentrations of 0.60 μg/L and MC-RR at a concentration of 0.30 μg/L. This is the first record of microcystin production from Aliinostoc species in tropical mangrove habitats.
... Among the highly diverse microbial communities in mangrove ecosystems, cyanobacteria are one of the most commonly noted organisms, adapted to highly unstable environmental conditions (Alongi 2005;Nedumaran et al. 2008;Rigonato et al. 2013). They are one of the main primary producer groups that support marine fauna and fisheries in mangrove ecosystems (Essien et al. 2008), carrying out the same photosynthetic function as do eukaryotic algae. The organic material produced by these organisms is the foundation of the entire food web in these ecosystems (Dadheech et al. 2013). ...
Cyanobacteria are one of the most important groups of photoautotrophic organisms, contributing to carbon and nitrogen fixation in mangroves worldwide. They also play an important role in soil retention and stabilisation and contribute to high plant productivity through their secretion of plant growth-promoting substances. However, their diversity and distribution in Malaysian mangrove ecosystems have yet to be studied in detail, despite Malaysia hosting a significant element of remaining mangroves globally. In a floristic survey conducted in Penang, peninsular Malaysia, 33 morphospecies of periphytic cyanobacteria were identified and described for the first time from a mangrove ecosystem in Malaysia. Sixteen genera, comprising Aphanocapsa, Chroococcus, Chroococcidiopsis, Cyanobacterium, Desmonostoc, Geitlerinema, Leptolyngbya, Lyngbya, Microcystis, Myxosarcina, Oscillatoria, Phormidium, Pseudanabaena, Spirulina, Trichocoleus and Xenococcus, were obtained from field material growing on diverse natural and artificial substrata. Oscillatoriales was the dominant order with Phormidium the dominant genus at nine of the 15 sampling sites examined. Three of the morphospecies, Aphanocapsa cf. concharum, Xenococcus cf. pallidus and Oscillatoria pseudocurviceps, are rare and poorly known morphospecies worldwide. Chroococcus minutus, Phormidium uncinatum, P. amphigranulata, and some species of Oscillatoriales are considered as pollution indicator species. This study provides important baseline information for further investigation of the cyanobacterial microflora present in other mangrove areas around Malaysia. A complete checklist will enhance understanding of their ecological role and the potential for benefits arising from useful secondary metabolites or threats via toxin production to the ecosystem.
... This genus is characteristic of coastal zones with low salinity and its presence serves as a marker of a decrease in sea-level (Kovaleva et al., 2015). Moreover, some modern representatives of this genus live in freshwater and brackish water ecosystems (Essien et al., 2008). Thus, the discovery of Actynoptychus is consistent with geomorphological data of a short-term ingression of the so-called Ashcheairyk Sea, against the background of the general retreat of the Turgai Sea (Baraboshkin et al., 2007). ...
In this article, we highlight the characteristic features of the Late Rupelian Buran flora of Eastern Kazakhstan. The species list contains 65 plant taxa belonging to Polypodiophyta (2), Gymnospermae (12) and Magnoliopsida (51). Its composition is dominated by leaves, fruits and pollen of Carya; there are also in noticeable quantities of remains of Cotinus leaves and other deciduous species from the Ulmaceae, Betulaceae etc. (leaves and pollen). In addition to systematic data, the characteristics of vegetation and climate are also presented. The data obtained indicate a significant difference in the composition of this flora from coeval Kazakhstan floras and designate the studied flora as one of the most ancient palaeofloras of the Turgai type, which by the beginning of the Miocene had already spread throughout the entire Northern Hemisphere. Climatic changes on the territory of Kazakhstan during the first half of the Oligocene were insignificant, with a slight tendency to cooling. At the same time, the climate was much warmer and more humid compared to modern conditions, which made it possible for forests to exist where there is now almost no forest.
... Similarly, domination in abundance of planktonic diatoms was also studied from various areas in the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia (Boonyapiwat 1999;Salleh and Ruslan 2010). However, the documented abundance of diatoms in the present study found lower than that of the Qua Iboe estuary mangrove swamp, Nigeria (Essien et al. 2008) and the Changjiang estuary, China (Gao and Song 2005 Rajkumar et al. 2009). Harmful algal bloom (HAB) species were also witnessed in diatom containing Coscinodiscus spp., and Skeletonema costatum although the concentration of such species was moderately lower the bloom development level (Dickman et al. 2002). ...
Phytoplankton are the primary producer of the food chain in any aquatic ecosystem, and play a crucial role in maintaining fishery resources. The community structure of phytoplankton in tropical mangrove estuarine and adjacent coastal waters was investigated in the South China Sea from January 2013 to December 2013 to compare the significance of two water bodies. Study revealed, 102 species of phytoplankton species under 43 genera covering 6 species of Cyanophyceae, 4 species of Chlorophyceae, 63 species of Bacillariophyceae and 29 species of Dinophyceae from estuarine mangrove area. Whereas 67 species from coastal waters were recorded which comprised of 47 species of Bacillariophyceae, 16 species of Dinophyceae, 2 species of Cyanophyceae with 1 species of both the Dictyochophyceae and Chrysophyceae. The phytoplankton community structure and mean abundance (cells/L) were recorded in a systematic order of Bacillariophyceae> Dinophyceae> Cyanophyceae> Chlorophyceae in mangrove waters. While from coastal waters the systematic order was found as Bacillariophyceae> Dinophyceae> Cyanophyceae> Dictyochophyceae> Chrysophyceae. Phytoplankton mean abundance fluctuated from 567 to 88890 cells/L in different seasons over the study period with its higher value in the dry season. The mean phytoplankton cell abundance in mangrove estuarine area (38313.74 ± 5614.26) found significantly ( p <0.0001) higher than the coastal water (1964.33 ± 666.68). Phytoplankton species observed from the estuarine waters were dominated by Pleurosigma normanii , Coscinodiscus sp., Coscinodiscus centralis , Coscinodiscus granii , Dinophysis caudata , Ceratium carriense , Ceratium fusus , and Ceratium lineatum . While the blue green algae, Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus , and Thalassionema sp. found most dominant in the coastal waters. Significant differences (R = 0.23-1, p <0.05) were noticed in the phytoplankton species community assemblage between intermediate and wet seasons. The findings suggest that mangrove estuarine waters in South China Sea region were more productive in terms of phytoplankton abundance and diversity than the coastal waters, which are influenced by the season.
... Biological productivity of coastal waters marked by increased phytoplankton growth, chlorophyll-a and gross primary productivity, is greatly influenced by denser nutrient-rich water brought to the surface during upwelling (Kumar et al., 2001a;Habeebrehman et al., 2008). Aquatic organisms including zooplankters, fishes and heterotrophic aquatic organisms sustain on phytoplankton for their energy needs and thus phytoplankton becomes an important component of the food chain as primary producers (Price, 2001;Tas and Gonulol, 2007;Essien and Antai, 2008;Saravanakumar et al., 2008;Bharali et al., 2010). These primary producers support marine fisheries and fishery potential predictions (Falkowski et al., 1998;Mathivanan et al., 2007). ...
Seasonal variations in phytoplankton species and abundance along the coast of Maharashtra from two different locations (Mumbai and Ratnagiri) and depths were investigated during August 2014-May 2017. A total of 84 species of phytoplankton were recorded from the region out of which 67 were diatoms, 16 dinoflagellates and one blue green alga. Seventy-five and 60 species of phytoplankton were recorded from Ratnagiri and Mumbai respectively. Diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community (81.7-93.3%) followed by dinoflagellates (4.7-7.2%) and blue green algae in both locations. Maximum phytoplankton density was recorded during post-monsoon season followed by pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons at Mumbai and Ratnagiri. Highest average phytoplankton cell density recorded was 9.09 x 104 cells l-1 and 4.06 x 104 cells l-1 during post-monsoon season at Ratnagiri and Mumbai respectively. Maximum cell density was observed at 20 m depth from Mumbai and Ratnagiri. Thalassiosira subtilis, Trieres mobiliensis, Skeletonema costatum, Coscinodiscus centralis and Ditylum brightwelli were the most abundant phytoplankton species recorded at Mumbai, whereas Chaetoceros curvisetus, S. costatum, Trichodesmium erythraeum, Chaetoceros lorenzianus and Ditylum brightwelli were abundant in Ratnagiri waters. The blue green alga, T. erythraeum was abundantly recorded during pre-monsoon season. Species diversity index (H’) ranged from 4.72 to 5.52 and was higher during post-monsoon season compared to pre-monsoon and monsoon. Highest phytoplankton diversity was observed at 20 m depth compared to 40 m depth.
... Microalgae sampling in the sub-habitats of sediments, mangrove roots and macroalgae was carried out at the lowest tide using the transect technique, by taking samples on the surface of the substrate on which a rectangular slate mold (5 x 5 cm 2 ) had been placed, following the protocol from Essien et al. (2008). On the other hand, microalgae sampling in the water column sub-habitat was carried out following Kadim and Arsad (2016). ...
... Most of the microalgae associated with mangroves could be found in the mangrove roots and the surrounding water columns. The microalgae abundance in the mangrove area is influenced by the mangrove canopy cover and the level of turbidity of the waters (Essien et al., 2008). On the other hand, the highest abundance found in Sempu Island was in the macroalgae sub-habitat, with a value of 1,986,252 cells/cm 2 , and the lowest was found in the sub-habitat of water columns, with a value of 371,362 cells/L. ...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Biodiversity is the variety of life that exists on Earth, including all the organisms, species, and populations that come together in a complex manner to form communities and ecosystems. This study aimed to assess the diversity of microalgae in several different sub-habitats by identifying their types and abundance in sediments, mangroves, macroalgae, and water columns; additionally, this study analyses the environmental factors that affected the abundance of microalgae in several sub-habitats. METHODS: This study used a quantitative descriptive method with data collection techniques, incorporating the purposive sampling method. Data were analysed using non-metric multidimensional scaling. FINDINGS: The results showed that the composition of microalgae species found in the sub-habitats of sediments, mangroves, macroalgae, and water columns at Siwil Beach were the class of Bacillariophyceae (70%), Chlorophyceae (17%), and Cyanophyceae (13%) in all sub-habitats. In Sempu Island, microalgae were found only from Bacillariophyceae (100%) in the four sub-habitats. The highest abundance of microalgae on Siwil Beach was in the sub-habitat of mangroves, with a total of 5,423,073 cells/cm 2 , while the highest abundance in Sempu Island was in the sub-habitat of macroalgae, with a value of 1,986,252 cells/cm 2. Moreover, based on non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses, there was no similarity of algae diversity between Siwil Beach and Sempu Island, with a high variation of microalgae. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrated that the class Bacillariophyceae dominated the communities of microalgae found both in Siwil Beach and Sempu Island. Moreover, factors that mainly affected the abundance of microalgae were environmental, which is already proven by the measurement of water quality in each sub-habitat at both locations. Siwil Beach and Sempu Island water quality was relatively still under the Indonesian national quality standard for seawater. This research is thought to be the first step in exploring the diversity of microalgae in several sub-habitats in East Java, Indonesia, and linking the type and availability of microalgae found in various sub-habitats with environmental water quality parameters and human activities around the waters. In addition, this paper provides the basic information of microalgae diversity based on sub-habitats, especially in the southern part of East Java Indonesia.
... Direct microscopic observation and accurate enumeration are essential to document species composition and biomass and which is the only way to assess the morphological changes within the algal communities as a response to environmental variations. Their distribution and biomass change continuously with changing temperature, pH, salinity, turbidity, season and even with time of a day (Hsiao, 1992;Norton et al., 1996;Huang et al., 2004;Duarte et al., 2006;Essien et al., 2008). ...
—Studies were carried out for detailed understanding of dynamics of microalgal diversity with phys�ico-chemical parameters in a back water inlet of central Kerala, India. Total of 69 species were recorded,
which belong to four major algal groups were in order of: Bacillariophyceae> Chlorophyceae> Cyanophy�ceae> Dinophyceae with respect to their species abundance. Mean seasonal abundance was found highest in
monsoon 2018 (4.634 × 103
cells l−1) followed by pre-monsoon 2017 (1.580 × 103
cells l−1). Margalef index
(1.215–3.68) and Shannon–Wiener diversity index (0.9937–2.488) indicated moderately rich phytoplankton
diversity except in monsoon 2018, which might have been affected by massive flood (The Kerala flood, 2018).
CCA analysis showed temperature, pH, turbidity, nitrate, and phosphate have close relationship with the
phytoplankton community.
... This genus is characteristic of coastal zones with low salinity and its presence serves as a marker of a decrease in sea-level (Kovaleva et al., 2015). Moreover, some modern representatives of this genus live in freshwater and brackish water ecosystems (Essien et al., 2008). Thus, the discovery of Actynoptychus is consistent with geomorphological data of a short-term ingression of the so-called Ashcheairyk Sea, against the background of the general retreat of the Turgai Sea (Baraboshkin et al., 2007). ...
The Oligocene represents a transitional phase from a “hot‐house” to a “cold‐house” climate. Central Asia has undergone substantial environmental changes and tectonic events; however, we know little about how these tectonic events shaped the climate and biodiversity in Central Asia. Here, we present a detailed study on the early Oligocene paleobotanical record in Kazakhstan using various qualitative and quantitative techniques of paleoenvironmental reconstruction. According to our data, mixed mesophytic and coniferous–deciduous forest vegetation existed in a warm‐temperate, largely humid yet seasonal climate, while western Kazakhstan tended to be warmer and wetter compared to eastern Kazakhstan. Our results suggest that after the Eocene–Oligocene transition, the climate became cooler and more seasonal causing the disappearance of subtropical elements. Compared to the present‐day, the climate was substantially warmer and wetter, supporting forest vegetation in the study area.
... It lies between longitudes 3°2 4′ and 8°19′ E and latitudes 4°58′ and 6°24′ N. Guinea and Equatorial counter currents, coupled with rainfall spanning April through October and corresponding dry season from November to March, influence the climate of the Nigerian coast. Several rain, brackish swamp, and mangrove forests describe the vegetation of the coastal line of Nigeria(Essien et al. 2008;Ayanlade and Drake 2016). ...
Microcystins (MCs) are the most studied toxins of cyanobacteria in freshwater bodies worldwide. However, they are poorly documented in coastal waters in several parts of the world. In this study, we investigated the composition of cyanobacteria and the presence of microcystins (MCs) in several coastal aquatic ecosystems of Nigeria. Direct morphological analysis revealed that members of the genus Oscillatoria were dominant with five species, followed by Trichodesmium with two species in Nigerian coastal waters. Oso Ibanilo had the highest cyanobacterial biomass (998 × 103 cells/L), followed by Rivers Ocean (156 × 103 cells/L). Except for the Cross River Ocean, cyanobacteria were present in all the investigated aquatic ecosystems. Ten (10) out of twenty water bodies examined had detectable levels of MCs. Furthermore, genomic DNA analysis for the mcyE gene of microcystin synthetase (mcy) cluster showed identities higher than 86% (query coverage > 96%) with toxic strains of cyanobacteria in all the samples analyzed. Also, the sequences of samples matched those of uncultured cyanobacteria from recreational lakes in Southern Germany. Our findings indicate that the presence of toxic cyanobacteria in coastal waters of Nigeria is of public and environmental health concern.
