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... In 1953, there were two guards, one at the Tombs of the Sanhedrin and another with general responsibility for the city's sites (Kletter 2006: 128). The unit of guards would develop in later years into the mobile inspection system operated today. During the initial period, the archaeological inspection of the city was managed by M. Avi-Yonah ( fig. 7), who also excavated the remains of a monastery at Binyanei Haʾuma, the Jerusalem International Convention Center (Avi-Yonah 1949), after they had been damaged by the contractor at the site. The policy of salvage excavations that developed during this period functioned according to the same basic principles still in use today. ...
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Citations
... More relevant to the issue under discussion were other HUJI or joint (IES-HUJI or IES-HUJI-IDAM) excavations, such as those conducted at Caesarea, Beth Sheʿarim, Ramat Raḥel, Oboda and Mampsis, where considerable late antique remains were found.29 25 Kletter (2006) passim, esp. 1-81, 300-309; see also Seligman (2011) 132-35. 26 Caesarea: Holum et al. (1993) 272-80. ...
This article presents a first systematic review of the history of late antique archaeology in the Holy Land, namely modern-day Israel and the Palestinian Authority, from the British Mandatory period until the present. The various institutions involved in the development of this branch of archaeology here, and their main excavation projects will also be described, along with a synthesis of the evolution of fieldwork methods, post-fieldwork research directions and the publication forms for late antique remains. This review highlights, on the one hand, the inseparability of the nature of some of this archaeological research from certain ideological views, geo-political realities and socioeconomic situations, and on the other hand, the independent development of local, especially Israeli, late antique archaeology. In recent years this has become both highly professional and technologically sophisticated.
The State of Israel utilizes a range of complex tools in its project of reterritorializing Palestine. One of these tools is the field of archaeology, and the state apparatus tasked with overseeing the work of excavating material remains and exploiting the uncovered resources toward a settler-colonialist and anti-Palestinian carceral control, cultural dispossession, and narrative capture. The Israeli Antiquities Authority is the agency responsible for these functions, utilizing an expansive antiquities law which allows the agency to seize land that it believes to be important to the cultural interests of the state, subsequently securitizing the territory and policing the antiquities markets, and dominating geography through the construction of an historical narrative that erases Palestinian past and present. This contention articulates the mechanics of erasure and dispossession that characterize the work of the IAA through an explanation of the law it enforces, engagement with the testimonies of agency members and Palestinians, and an analysis of the military-carceral dimensions of the extractive process, and a description of the ways Palestinians resist these enclosures.
For British Anglican tourists, archaeological tourism in Palestine marked an expansion of a broader British cultural and religious relationship to Palestine as a land made familiar by a childhood of bible stories and nativity scenes, and one which played a role in the biblification of Palestine and the appropriation of its past to validate and strengthen a connection to Britain and the Mandate. Archaeology offered a direct link to the materiality of the biblical past, experienced via a “kairotic moment” in which the past meets the present. By examining reports of British travelers to Palestine, this article considers how materially embodied religious experiences not only drove tourist movement to Palestine but also functioned as a keystone in Britain’s relationship with Palestine during the Mandate period. Behind this growth in archeological tourism, however, is a story of tension, most notably between Mandate Palestine’s first director of antiquities, John Garstang, and the Mandate and Westminster governments. From his optimism in a report on the future of archaeology in Palestine in 1919 to his bitter resignation in 1926, Garstang’s story represents the Mandate’s failures with regard to archaeology. These tensions and Garstang’s unease foreshadowed the development of archaeology as a tool of settler colonialism in occupied Palestine today.
