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The finding proves that failure in implementing systemic change could result in the subversion and misunderstanding of the CE principal resulting in stakeholders only implementing minimal change in order to preserve the status-quo [
[114]
• Kirchherr J.
• Reike D.
• Hekkert M.
Conceptualizing the circular economy: an analysis of 114 definitions.Re...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... justification for following the flows contained in this framework is that they are reproducible, flexible and appear in other bibliographical mapping papers using the same method [97,251]. Figure 1 shows the methodological framework of the literature review undertaken for this paper. The first step consisted of conducting a search of an online database using a general keyword. ...
Context 2
... the meso-system perspective, the distribution of literature consists of 12 texts at the business level, 16 texts at the production chain level, 6 texts at the industrial symbiosis level, and 4 texts at the eco-industrial park level. The industrial symbiosis level represented the largest proportion of texts, while the eco-industrial park was the smallest (Figure 10). c. ...
Context 3
... the macro-system perspective, the distribution of literature consists of 8 texts at city level, 10 texts at regional level, 11 texts at national level, and 18 texts at the global level. The national level represented the largest proportion of texts, while the city level represented the smallest ( Figure 11). ...
Citations
... Nevertheless, a holistic view of the industry leads to the conclusion that the most beneficial solutions should include those utilizing secondary resources, either by-products or wastes from various sectors. Such an approach aims at maximizing resource efficiency and aligns with the currently postulated 9 R Principle (Refuse, Rethink, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Refurbish, Remanufacture, Repurpose, Recycle, Recover), considered the most comprehensive collection of strategies on Circular Economy (Ang et al., 2021;Rood and Kishna, 2019;Sitadewi et al., 2021). Among the most widely investigated secondary materials are plant-based wastes originating from the food and agricultural sectors (Cecchi et al., 2019;Fehlberg et al., 2020;Hejna et al., 2024a). ...
Nowadays, to provide a step towards circularity, the development of sustainable polymer composites should include the application of waste-based materials that can act not only as simple fillers, reducing the use of polymers but also as functional additives, limiting or eliminating the use of synthetic components. Herein, in the presented study, the main by-product of the brewing industry, brewers' spent grain (BSG), was applied as a functional filler for biocomposites based on poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/thermoplastic starch/poly (ε-caprolactone) matrix-Mater-Bi. To enhance its stabilizing functionalities and interfacial adhesion with the matrix, BSG was subjected to thermomechanical modification in a twin-screw extruder and chemical treatment with isophorone diisocyanate. Combined treatments reduced the interfacial hydrophilicity gap, facilitating melt processing, which was expressed by even a 30 % decrease in melt viscosity. Moreover, despite the incorporation of 30 wt% of low-cost BSG filler, flexural and tensile strength were hardly affected, while moduli increased even by 174 and 139 %, respectively. In situ generation of Maillard reaction products during BSG thermomechanical treatment enhanced the thermal stability of composites in an oxidative atmosphere, shifting degradation onset even by 30 • C. The stabilizing impact was also evidenced by the hindered photooxidative degradation of bio-composites. The unfavorable changes in biocomposites' surface roughness, as well as thermal properties and stability, have been limited by the increasing temperature of BSG thermomechanical treatment. Composites developed in the presented study could be effectively applied in manufacturing disposable or multi-use products, e.g., packaging materials, food containers, or cosmetic accessories like brushes, combs, or toothbrushes.
... As shown in Figure 2, CE strategies incorporate the "R" strategies required to Figure 2. The 9R framework strategies of CE transform a linear economy into a CE and are ordered from R0 to R9 based on their priority level in the transition from linear economy to CE (Potting et al., 2017). R0 denotes the most similar state to circularity in CE, while R9 denotes the most similar state to the linear economy (Sitadewi et al., 2021). Adopting the recycling strategy (R8) indicates that the system is primarily governed by a linear economy while implementing circular reduction strategies (R 2 ) implies moving closer to the CE model. ...
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to explore the integration of risk management and circular economy (CE) principles within the healthcare sector to promote sustainability and resilience. Specifically, the study aims to demonstrate how risk management can support the transition to a circular economy in healthcare supply chains. By integrating risk management practices with CE principles, healthcare organizations can identify potential risks and opportunities associated with circular initiatives.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts a qualitative research approach, using a case study methodology with semi-structured interviews conducted at primary care facilities to understand the application of CE principles in practice. The study uses fuzzy logic methods to assess and mitigate risks associated with strategies promoting CE principles. Additionally, key performance indicators are identified to evaluate the effectiveness and enhance the resilience of these strategies within healthcare supply chains.
Findings
The study highlights the critical role of robust risk management strategies in facilitating the transition to a circular economy within healthcare organizations. Primary care facilities, which are critical to frontline healthcare delivery, are particularly vulnerable to product shortages due to supply risks. This study focuses on critical protective equipment, specifically latex gloves and assesses operational risks, including supply, demand and environmental risks, using a fuzzy logic-based model. Import delays were found to be a moderate risk, typically occurring once a year. The research highlights critical KPIs for a successful CE transition within healthcare supply chains, such as on-time delivery and service quality, which are directly related to the risk of supply chain disruption. In addition, the study highlights the significant impact of other CE strategies on healthcare supply chains, including localized production and manufacturing, innovation in product development, reverse logistics, closed-loop supply chains and the adoption of lean principles.
Practical implications
This study provides valuable insights for healthcare organizations to optimize resource efficiency, reduce waste and promote circularity in their operations. By implementing the proposed solutions and focusing on the identified KPIs, organizations can develop strategies to achieve sustainability goals and enhance resilience in healthcare supply chains.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating the application of risk management in facilitating the transition to a circular economy in the healthcare sector. The use of fuzzy logic methodology offers a novel approach to assessing and mitigating risks associated with critical product failures in supply chain activities. The study’s findings provide practical guidance for healthcare organizations seeking to integrate circular economy principles and improve sustainability performance.
... The R0 state represents a state closer to CE, while R9 is mainly a linear economy. The smaller the loop (lower R), the smaller the external output needed to close it, and the strategy is more circular [7][8][9]. ...
... The European Commission, as part of its implementation of the Green Deal, has identified the clothing and textile [8,9] industry as one of the most in need of transformation to CE. This is due to the significant consumption of clothing, footwear and home textiles and the problem of disposing of them [24]. ...
The textile and clothing industry is one of the most resource-intensive and polluting industries. The circular economy (CE) is one of the solutions to these problems. The textile industry has been identified as one of the most in need of transformation towards CE. The transition to a circular economy requires changes in the behavior and actions of all market players. Consumer interest in sustainability and the CE can stimulate companies to be more responsible and offer more circular solutions. This article analyses the knowledge and attitudes of consumers, adults living in Lodz (Poland), towards new circular models in the fashion industry (e.g. rent, repair). The development of the clothing rental service is still insufficient, but repair and the use of online portals to sell/buy second-hand clothing is becoming increasingly popular. However, it is still necessary to orient people towards environmentally friendly activities.
... Sitadewi et al. suggests that the 9R framework should also include "refusing", a concept closely aligned with circular economy (CE) implementation, leading to the development of a 10R framework [74]. The refuse strategy primarily involves substituting fossil-based plastics with bioplastics that serve similar functions [79]. Another 10R framework applied to plastics is outlined by Calistro Friant et al. in their work (refuse, reduce, resell/reuse, repair, refurbish, remanufacture, repurpose, recycling, recovery, and re-mine). ...
Plastic pollution has escalated into a critical global issue, with production soaring from 2 million metric tons in 1950 to 400.3 million metric tons in 2022. The packaging industry alone accounts for nearly 44% of this production, predominantly utilizing polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Alarmingly, over 90% of the approximately 1 million PET bottles sold every minute end up in landfills or oceans, where they can persist for centuries. This highlights the urgent need for sustainable management and recycling solutions to mitigate the environmental impact of PET waste. To better understand PET’s behavior and promote its management within a circular economy, we examined its chemical and physical properties, current strategies in the circular economy, and the most effective recycling methods available today. Advancing PET management within a circular economy framework by closing industrial loops has demonstrated benefits such as reduced landfill waste, minimized energy consumption, and conserved raw resources. To this end, we identified and examined various strategies based on R-imperatives (ranging from 3R to 10R), focusing on the latest approaches aimed at significantly reducing PET waste by 2040. Additionally, a comparison of PET recycling methods (including primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary recycling, along with the concepts of “zero-order” and biological recycling techniques) was envisaged. Particular attention was paid to the heterogeneous catalytic glycolysis, which stands out for its rapid reaction time (20–60 min), high monomer yields (>90%), ease of catalyst recovery and reuse, lower costs, and enhanced durability. Accordingly, the use of highly efficient oxide-based catalysts for PET glycolytic degradation is underscored as a promising solution for large-scale industrial applications.
... For example, reporting the number of container recycling but ignoring packaging reduction [7]. Knowledge about waste management strategies through decisions to Rethink, Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Rot and Recycle (6R) is general knowledge about waste management that is relatively well known by the public [8]. However, this research seeks to show that people may have heard, seen, or received education about these strategies, but implementing them into daily habits is key. ...
... The conclusion of the results of this research shows that organic and inorganic waste in the villages of Bangilan, Sembung, Kenep and Pilang Gede is dominated by purchasing processed food activities, Purchasing children's equipment and Purchasing clothes/ fashion while agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries and trade/commerce industry activities are considered not to produce organic waste. in the four villages targeted for service activities, waste management strategies are also implemented, such as: (1) borrowing items from family or neighbors for items that are only occasionally needed, (2) buying used/preloved/thrift/second hand items, (3) Refusing to be given disposable cutlery (straws, forks, plastic spoons, stereofoas, etc.) when buying food, (4) refusing to use/being given plastic/plastic bags when shopping, (5) buying goods in large packages rather than pre-packaged sachets), (6) buy goods with packaging that can be recycled (paper, leaves, etc.), (7) use baskets/lunch boxes to buy food, (8) use plastic laundry soap to replace polybags for planting pots , (9) using plastic bottles for planting pots, (10) using old clothes for rags, mats, etc. (11) processing organic waste from household activities into compost, (12) Making crafts from inorganic waste (plastic, glass bottles, etc.). The waste management strategy through Rot (composting) are not priority strategy, especially households in Sembung Village and Pilang Gede Village This research provides suggestions including Optimization education regarding good consumption patterns. ...
Food waste is a description of people’s behavior regarding consumption patterns that are not in accordance with daily needs. The negative impacts caused by food waste behavior have become a world issue, including: food crisis, water and land pollution, and global warming. Global warming occurs partly due to food waste which accumulates in large quantities which produces methane gas, thus forming greenhouse gases. This greenhouse gas then triggers global warming. Therefore, this research aims to identify the types of waste produced by households and analyze strategies for reducing negative impacts due to food waste behavior in Bojonegoro Regency, East Java, Indonesia. The research location includes 4 villages in Bojonegoro included Sembung, Bangilan, Pilang Gede, and Kenep. The method approach used is quantitative. The conclusion of the results of this research shows that organic and inorganic waste in the villages of Bangilan, Sembung, Kenep and Pilang Gede is dominated by purchasing processed food activities, Purchasing children’s equipment and Purchasing clothes/fashion. The implementations of waste management are a good strategy for sustainable environmental conditions in the four villages such as rethink, refuse, reduce, reuse, rot and recycle strategies, however, in overcoming environmental problems, consistency and mutual support between parties is needed.
... However, these materials often offer exciting opportunities due to their composition, especially to the presence of phytochemicals, which have been repeatedly reported to enhance the composites' oxidative stability (Agustin-Salazar et al., 2017;Zhang et al., 2021), microbial resistance (Scaffaro et al., 2018;Sepúlveda et al., 2022), or fire retardancy (Jeong et al., 2022;Mokhena et al., 2022). Taking advantage of these features might potentially reduce the use of synthetic modifiers by employing the potential of phytochemicals, aligning with the Refuse and Rethink strategies, which are on the top rungs of the circularity ladder (Ang et al., 2021;Sitadewi et al., 2021). ...
Beer is among the most popular beverages in the world, with the production distributed uniformly between the biggest continents, so the utilization of brewing by-products is essential on a global scale. Among their potential recipients, the plastics industry offers extensive range of potential products. Herein, the presented study investigated the application of currently underutilized solid brewing by-products (brewers' spent grain, spent hops, spent yeast) as fillers for highly-filled poly(ε-caprolactone)-based composites, providing the first direct connection between spent hops or spent yeast and the polymer composites. Comprehensive by-product characterization revealed differences in chemical composition. The elemental C:O ratio, protein content, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity varied from 1.40 to 1.89, 12.9 to 32.4 wt%, and 2.41 to 10.24 mg/g, respectively , which was mirrored in the composites' structure and performance. Morphological analysis pointed to the composition-driven hydrophilicity gap limiting interfacial adhesion for high shares of brewers' spent grain and spent hops, due to high hydrophilicity induced by carbohydrate content. Phytochemicals and other components of applied by-products stimulated composites' oxidative resistance, shifting oxidation onset temperature from 261 • C for matrix over 360 • C for high spent yeast shares. Simultaneously, spent yeast also provided compati-bilizing effects for poly(ε-caprolactone)-based composites, reducing complex viscosity compared to other fillers and indicating its highest affinity to poly(ε-caprolactone)due to the lowest hydrophilicity gap. The presented results indicate that the proper selection of brewing by-products and adjustment of their shares creates an exciting possibility of engineering composites' structure and performance, which can be transferred to other polymers differing with hydrophilicity.
... R2 Rethink. Rethink is mainly focused on rethinking the behaviour and perception of the CE by consumers and organizations (Sitadewi et al., 2021). Rethink comes first as individuals consider and question their habits (Mak et al., 2021). ...
Purpose and aim of the study: As the transition to a circular economy (CE) and the reduction of food waste is a priority strategic goal for policy planning at global and European Union (EU) level, but food waste in catering has become a major sustainability issue, the aim of the paper is to identify CE strategies to reducing food waste in schools based on a systematic literature review.Design / Methodology / Approach: The research employed qualitative methods: five-step systematic literature review methodology by Denyer & Tranfield, (2009), analysis and synthesis, as well as the monographic method. The literature was selected using the databases Google Scholar, MDPI, ScienceDirect and Scopus.Main Findings: Based on the systematic literature review, approaches for implementing CE strategies to reduce food waste in school canteens were discovered.Originality: This study provides a new perspective on the implementation of CE “R strategies” to reduce food waste in schools.Implications: The results of the study can be a basis for school and canteen administration to implement CE policies and waste management practices that will promote responsible food consumption and support sustainable food consumption and waste reduction strategies, and create added value for school canteens, the environment and society in general.
... We focus on green or environmental perspectives of sustainability to keep the radar simple, feasible and action-oriented in creating regenerative growth opportunities. This is seen as important in moving from a take-make-waste linear economy to a more circular and transformative way of doing business [11][12][13]. The research question our conceptual model responds to is the following: How can entrepreneurs and managers envision and innovate their business through new combinations and dimensions of digitalization and sustainability? ...
... We operationalized the 12 dimensions through a set of questions by using previous research: Clauss [24] tested a questionnaire used for the following dimensions, i.e., offering, customers, processes, presence, and knowledge of users and customer needs, and his operationalization has been found to be applicable in empirical research on entrepreneurial firms. Kirchherr et al. [11], Popović and Radivojević [12], and Sitadewi et al. [13] engaged in circular economy and sustainability research by examining the design and development of circular products or services, smarter product use, and the manufacturing and useful application of materials and technology. Schallmo et al. [25] conceptualized digital transformation research in terms of the following dimensions, i.e., networking and connectivity, digital data, automation, and digital customers' access. ...
The green digital innovation radar provides a 360-degree view of business transformation with four anchor points (what, who, how, where) in between eight digital and sustainable growth dimensions of innovation - thus contributing with 12 innovation dimensions significant for creating new combinations and entrepreneurial actions. When mapping the radar, it is not desirable or feasible to innovate all 12 dimensions in one holistic action, since entrepreneurs and managers as well as their organizations need entrepreneurial or innovation capacity for doing so. Instead, they should be aware of business opportunities for innovation, digitalization, and sustainability, but their action should be more reflective in terms of their offering (what), customer (who), process (how), and presence (where). This depends on their strengths, resources, and capabilities for new combination in creating and discovering new opportunities. As a self-assessment of current entrepreneurial action within their organization, entrepreneurs and managers alike can reflectively map their current innovation strengths, resources, and capabilities. By doing so, managers and entrepreneurs can holistically and systematically pinpoint their opportunities of innovation, digitalization, and sustainability.
... The new concept for polymer market has become known as "circular plastics economy" or "plastics circularization," which, among other things, is ought to decouple petrochemical industry from petroleum feedstock consumption (Ellen MacArthur Foundation 2023). The topic of "plastics circularization" finds significant traction, and the number of related scientific publications has seen explosive growth over the past decade, from around 10 annually in the early 2010s to over 80 in 2020 (Sitadewi et al. 2021;Alassali et al. 2021). At the same time, there are only a handful of studies, which evaluate the potential long term implications of "circularization" for the petroleum market. ...
In recent years, the issues of polymer pollution and carbon footprints have stirred up an active debate around the future of petrochemical industry, which over the past 50 years has been a significant driver of global oil demand. It is assumed that the transition to a “circular plastic economy” should resolve environmental issues for the industry, simultaneously eliminating its dependence on petroleum feedstock. In this work, the authors attempted to untangle the concept of “circular plastics” and assess its potential impact on the market of liquid hydrocarbons. Even in the Moderate scenario, the “circular plastics economy” does become an important factor in demand for hydrocarbons in petrochemical industry, reducing it by 5–10% of the business-as-usual case by 2050 and greatly slowing down demand growth rates after 2045, and the more drastic scenario even sees hydrocarbon demand peak by 2040. These findings indicate the importance of taking into account “plastics circularity” when making long-term forecasts of global oil market.
... Recover, which is used for mixed and contaminated Plastic, Reduce, which reflects efforts to decrease consumption and Refuse, which involves bio-based plastics, are the other popular fields of research. However, other strategies like Reuse and Refurbish have limited applicability due to limitations of plastic material whereas Rethink, Repair, Remanufacture and Repurpose are newly popularized concepts and are getting consideration in product design, consumer behavior, and perception of circular economy (Sitadewi et al., 2021). ...
