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Mesozoic plants and their assignment to Eco-Plant model indicating humidity (EPH) as well as temperature (EPT) demands.
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The ecogroup classification based on the growth-form of plants (Eco-Plant model) is widely used for extant, Cenozoic, Mesozoic, and Paleozoic paleoenvironmental reconstructions. However, for most Mesozoic dispersed sporomorphs, the application of the Eco-Plant model is limited because either their assignment to a specific ecogroup remains uncertain...
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Context 1
... them, 474 can be linked to their closest parent plants at family or order level, 387 (Appendix A) cannot because of the lack of detailed ultrastructure description. The ecogroups (EPH and EPT) of 40 plant families or orders whose fossil plants or dispersed sporomorphs can be found in the Mesozoic are listed in Table 1. The result can be downloaded online (http://www.sporopollen.com/sporefamilygenus.php). ...Context 2
... them, 474 can be linked to their closest parent plants at family or order level, 387 (Appendix A) cannot because of the lack of detailed ultrastructure description. The ecogroups (EPH and EPT) of 40 plant families or orders whose fossil plants or dispersed sporomorphs can be found in the Mesozoic are listed in Table 1. The result can be downloaded online (http://www.sporopollen.com/sporefamilygenus.php). ...Citations
... For the descriptions, we follow the terminology of Playford and Dettmann (1996), Punt et al. (2007), and Traverse (2007). The plant classification system used in this work follows the systematic scheme of fossil plants by Taylor et al. (2009); see also Zhang (2021) and Zhang et al. (2020). Dimensions for all specimens are expressed as 'minimum (mean) maximum' size. ...
... To construct the paleo climate curve, we used both new and published data, including mean annual temperature (MAT) calculated from palynological data (Zakharov et al, 2011), from climate indicator plants (Mogucheva, 2015;Lebedeva et al., 2019) with quantification of paleotemperatures using (Cantrill, 1998;Yamada et al., 2018;Guo et al., 2021;Zhang et al., 2021); from climate indicator insect taxa and on ple- ...
... R.R. Gabdullin determined salinity variations and constructed a paleo salinity curve (Figs. 1, 2). The normal salinity occured in the basin (Yamada et al., 2018), Sagenopteris (Mogucheva, 2015) MAT >20°C (Zhang et al., 2021); 17, Coniopteris+Ginkgo plant assemblage (Lebedeva et al., 2019) MAT 20-24°C by (Guo et al., 2021;Zhang et al., 2021); Leskinskaya well (flora determined by Rostovtseva) 18a, Nasonovskaya Formation (Turonian, Santonian), Gleicheniidites laetus (Bolch.) Bolch., MAT 8-22°c (Cantrill, 1998) During the Chattian-Miocene period, a brackishwater basin occurred. ...
... R.R. Gabdullin determined salinity variations and constructed a paleo salinity curve (Figs. 1, 2). The normal salinity occured in the basin (Yamada et al., 2018), Sagenopteris (Mogucheva, 2015) MAT >20°C (Zhang et al., 2021); 17, Coniopteris+Ginkgo plant assemblage (Lebedeva et al., 2019) MAT 20-24°C by (Guo et al., 2021;Zhang et al., 2021); Leskinskaya well (flora determined by Rostovtseva) 18a, Nasonovskaya Formation (Turonian, Santonian), Gleicheniidites laetus (Bolch.) Bolch., MAT 8-22°c (Cantrill, 1998) During the Chattian-Miocene period, a brackishwater basin occurred. ...
... При построении палеоклиматической кривой были использованы как авторские, так и опубликованные данные, включающие в себя результаты расчета среднегодовой температуры (МАТ) по данным палинологии [Zakharov et al., 2011]; по растениям-индикаторам климата [Могучева, 2015; Лебедева и др., 2019] с определением количественных значений палеотемпературы по [Toshihiro et al., 2019;Guo et al., 2021;Zhang et al., 2021;Cantrill, 1998 В среднетриасовое-карнийское время палеоглубина составляла от 300 м в самом начале среднего триаса, затем -до 50 м. С нория по тоар существовала континентальная обстановка с накоплением континентальных формаций (в том числе пестроцветных и угленосных). ...
... Она не противоречит Рис. 3. Палеотемпературная характеристика триасово-берриасских отложений в районе Лескинской скважины: 1 -MAT, палинология, север Сибири, Полярный Урал (66° с.ш. и севернее [Zakharov et al., 2011] [Могучева, 2015] MAT >20 °С [Zhang et al., 2021]; 17 -фитоассоциация Coniopteris+Ginkgo (Лебедева и др., 2019) МАТ 20-24 °С по [Guo et al., 2021;Zhang et al., 2021]; Лескинская скважина (флора определена Ю.И. Ростовцевой): 18а -насоновская свита (турон-сантон), глейхениевые папоротники (Gleicheniidites laetus (Bolch.) ...
... Она не противоречит Рис. 3. Палеотемпературная характеристика триасово-берриасских отложений в районе Лескинской скважины: 1 -MAT, палинология, север Сибири, Полярный Урал (66° с.ш. и севернее [Zakharov et al., 2011] [Могучева, 2015] MAT >20 °С [Zhang et al., 2021]; 17 -фитоассоциация Coniopteris+Ginkgo (Лебедева и др., 2019) МАТ 20-24 °С по [Guo et al., 2021;Zhang et al., 2021]; Лескинская скважина (флора определена Ю.И. Ростовцевой): 18а -насоновская свита (турон-сантон), глейхениевые папоротники (Gleicheniidites laetus (Bolch.) ...
... This is important, for instance, for paleoecological reconstructions based on palynological data. So far, producers of such pollen are, of necessity, treated within one group in such reconstructions (e.g., Visscher and Van der Zwan, 1981;Abbink et al., 2004;Zhang et al., 2021), although their ecological preferences were not necessarily identical (Krassilov, 2003;Kvaček et al., 2005;Bugdaeva et al., 2006;Bugdaeva and Markevich, 2007). ...
... e shape and size of the pollen cones resemble those of Classostrobus, the male cone of Jurassic-Cretaceous Cheirolepidiaceae, but the arrangement of the pollen sacs on the microsporophyll corresponds more closely with that of Voltziales. It seems that this family did not continue to evolve further within conifers but turned out to be important in evolutionary considerations (Atkinson et al., 2018;Leslie et al., 2018) and in research on pollen preserved in situ (for references see Pacyna et al., 2017;Zhang et al., 2021). is is the first and so far the only detailed documented fossil coniferous plant in Polish paleobotany. ...
Research on Polish Mesozoic macroflora has remarkably changed over the last 100 years. Compared with traditional nineteenth-century taxonomical and evolutionary studies, modern research also investigates of fossil plant diversity, plant interactions with the environment and animals, and deep changes in vegetation influenced by environmental and climate change. In this review, we present the most important turning points in Polish Mesozoic macroflora research and the development of cognitive techniques by discussing selected studies carried out by Polish palaeobotanists.
The recent discovery of iguanodontid remains from the new Palau-3 site in the Lower Cretaceous Morella Formation is the most complete non-articulated skeleton of Iguanodon bernissartensis on the NE Iberian Peninsula. To elucidate the paleoenvironment of the Palau-3 site, a palynological analysis was carried out on matrix samples collected from around the skeleton. The palynological assemblage is found to correspond to an upper Barremian age. While the assemblage is composed of bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms, freshwater algae, dinoflagellate cysts and fungal spores, the palynoflora is mostly dominated by the Cheirolepidiaceae conifer (Classopollis) and Anemiaceae fern (mainly Cicatricosisporites) families. The absence of angiosperm pollen in this flora is also noteworthy, as angiosperm remains have been recorded previously elsewhere in the Morella Formation. At the Palau-3 site, the fronds of Cyatheaceae and Anemiaceae ferns, as well as the foliage of the Cheirolepidiaceae conifers, may have been the major sources of nutrition of I. bernissartensis and other herbivorous iguanodontians. The paleobotany of the four major localities bearing I. bernissartensis remains in western Europe was surveyed to determine the habitat and feeding preferences of this styracosternan dinosaur. These localities are Bernissart (Belgium), Isle of Wight (England), Nehden (Germany), and Morella (Spain). In accordance to this survey, the habitat preferences of I. bernissartensis and association with specific plant communities show that this ornithopod species was adapted to a wide variety of paleoenvironments.
The palynostratigraphy of the K–Pg boundary interval in SW Europe has been a subject of ongoing debate, despite numerous palynological studies in the region. To address this, we review previous publications and conduct analysis of new deposits to establish a palynostratigraphical chart. A total of 40 palynological studies within the Normapolles palynological province were reexamined to elucidate key taxa restricted to the Cretaceous (K-taxa), to the Maastrichtian–Danian interval (KPg-taxa) and those restricted to the Paleogene (Pg-taxa). Eventually, we propose 18 key taxa to differentiate a Maastrichtian from a Danian palynological assemblage within the Normapolles Province. Afterward, a palynostratigraphical analysis was carried out in Veracruz 1 (Aragonese Pyrenees), one of the more modern dinosaur-bearing sites of Europe. The palynological assemblage corresponded to an upper Maastrichtian age and was composed by pteridophyte spores, gymnosperms, angiosperms, dinoflagellate cysts, algae, and fungal spores. It was predominated by angiosperm pollen (Liliaceae, post-Normapolles, and triporate pollen). The plant communities in Veracruz 1 seem to be characterized by plants from an open coastal forest prevailed by Liliaceae flowering herbs and Juglandaceae/Myricaceae dicotyledonous trees and shrubs thriving in temperate-warm paleoclimate. The Gondwanan botanical influence was also supported by the presence of Bacumorphomonocolpites sp., as this taxon was previously recorded in other upper Maastrichtian deposits from Europe.
The Middle–Late Triassic climates have attracted the attention of paleontological and geological scientists for the Carnian pluvial event in the early Late Triassic. The event is well-documented in the pelagic and epi-continental marine deposits of the Tethys, Gondwana, and Laurasia. However, inland terrestrial deposits are less frequently depicted, with high-resolution palynological biostratigraphy constraints. In this study, we report the palynological records from the YC8-1 and YC7-3 sub-members of the Yunmeng profile in the Ordos Basin, China, where the YC7-3 was dated at 236.0–234.1 Ma. Two palynological assemblages were recognized and named the Lundbladispora watangensis–Taeniaesporites combinatus assemblage and Lundbladispora communis–Discisporites granulus assemblage for the YC8-1 and YC7-3 sub-members, respectively. Their ages were determined to be the latest Ladinian and early Carnian, respectively, for their stratigraphic correlations with the global boundary stratotype section and point (GSSP) of the base of Carnian in Europe and additional co-occurring floras with condonts in the Upper Triassic of South China. The coexistence of Cyathidites minor (Couper, 1953), Dictyophyllidites harrisii (Couper, 1958), Apiculatisporis bulliensis (Helby ex De Jersey, 1972), Aratrisporites xiangxiensis (Li and Shang, 2011), Piceaepollenites omoriciformis (Bolkh.) (Xu and Zhang, 1984), Podocarpidites ornatus (Pocock, 1962), Discisporites granulus (Zhang, 1984), and Classopollis (Pflug, 1953) is equivalent to the Carnian palynostratigraphic criterion reported in the North China palynofloristic realm. Vegetational changes, especially those occurring at the boundary between Ladinian and Carnian, account for approximately 70% of ferns and over 30% of gymnosperms lost. These were discovered and attributed to the strong seasonal arid climate, indicated by the emergence of Cheirolepidiaceae and Pinuspollenites. We thus know that the climate during the latest Ladinian and early Carnian was “hot house” with seasonal aridity. In addition, three strong monsoonal pluvial pulses were signaled by the humidity index of lowland plants. The present study will enable a better understanding the Carnian pluvial event in the Late Triassic inland basin.
The 'man fern' (Cibotium, Cibotiaceae), a typical tree fern of tropical and subtropical climates, is today mainly distributed in the Hawaiian Islands, Mesoamerica, and tropical and subtropical regions of East and Southeast Asia. Reliable fossil records of this genus are rare. Only two cases of stem fossils have been reported from the Upper Cretaceous of Iwate-Ken, Japan and the upper Eocene of Oregon, USA. In this paper, ultimate fertile pinna fossils of Cibotium are described from the Miocene Erzitang Formation of Guiping Basin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, South China, which also preserve in situ spores and cuticles. As the first global discovery of Cibotium pinna fossils preserving both in situ spores and cuticles, this find enriches the organ types of Cibotium fossils. This is also the first discovery of Cibotium fossils within its modern distribution range, indicating that Cibotium had migrated southwards into its modern distribution by at least the Miocene. Based on the modern habitat of Cibotium, we infer that the Guiping Basin was under a warm and humid tropical/subtropical climate in the Miocene.
The Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) has been recognized as a time of plant radiations and originations, likely related to observed swift changes from xerophytic to more hygrophytic floras. This suggests that the increasing humidity causally resulting from LIP volcanism was the trigger for these changes in the terrestrial realm. Understanding the cause and effects of the CPE on the plant realm, requires study of well-preserved floras that are precisely aligned with the CPE. We therefore focus on the best age-constrained section within the CPE for the terrestrial to marginal marine environment to understand the floristic composition at the early CPE. This is found in the Dolomites, Italy, and is remarkable for the preservation of the oldest fossiliferous amber found in the rock record. An integrated study of palynomorphs and macro-remains related to the conifer families of the fossil resin bearing level brings together the floral components from this section. This observed mixture of different taxa of extinct and modern conifer families underlines firmly the effects of the LIP-induced CPE on the evolution and radiation of conifers.
