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Meristic frequencies of anal-fin rays in species of the subgenus Cathorops from the Eastern Pacific. Bolded numbers indicate counts for primary types.
Source publication
The great similarities in the external morphologies and the lack of knowledge on ontogenetic and intersexual differences of species in the ariid genus Cathorops Jordan and Gilbert, 1882, has led to an abundance of misidentifications, causing great nomenclatural instability. Accordingly, the taxonomic statuses of the Cathorops species described from...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... sea catfish or bagre congo (Spanish) (Figs. 4A,5A; Tables 1-4) Arius fuerthii Steindachner, 1877: 579 [Syntypes: MCZ 4943 (2), MCZ 4973 (3), MCZ 7691 (1), NMW 50568 (2)]. Type-locality: Pacific Panama. ...
Context 2
... sea catfish or bagre congo (Spanish) (Figs. 4A,5A; Tables 1-4) Arius fuerthii Steindachner, 1877: 579 [Syntypes: MCZ 4943 (2), MCZ 4973 (3), MCZ 7691 (1), NMW 50568 (2)]. Type-locality: Pacific Panama. ...
Context 3
... of anal fin rays and gill rakers on first and second arches given in Tables 1-3; morphometric data given in Table 4). Head relatively long and depressed, profile slightly elevated posteriorly, convex at frontal and supraoccipital areas. ...
Context 4
... liropus is further distinguished from C. fuerthii by having an osseous dorsomedial groove of neurocranium conspicuous and deep, with straight margins that taper posteriorly ( Description.-(Counts of anal fin rays and gill rakers on first and second arches given in Tables 1-3; morphometric data given in Table 4). Head short and depressed, profile quite elevated posteriorly and straight at frontal and supraoccipital areas. ...
Context 5
... sea catfish or bagre de Raredon (Spanish) (Figs. 4C, 5C; Tables 1-3, 5) ?Cathorops fuerthii (non Steindachner).-Allen and Robertson, 1994 (Mexico to Peru, in part); Kailola and Bussing, 1995: 880 ...
Context 6
... of anal fin rays and gill rakers on first and second arches given in Tables 1-3; morphometric data given in Table 5). Head moderately long and depressed, profile slightly elevated posteriorly, convex at frontal and supraoccipital areas. ...
Context 7
... (Cathorops) steindachneri (Gilbert and Starks, 1904) Steindachner's sea catfish or congo baboso (Spanish) (Figs. 4D, 5D; Tables 1-3, 6) Arius melanopus (non Günther).-Jordan and Gilbert, 1883: 109 (Panama, in part). ...
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... of anal fin rays and gill rakers on first and second arches given in Tables 1-3; morphometric data given in Table 6). Head relatively short and depressed, profile slightly elevated posteriorly and convex at frontal and supraoccipi- tal area. ...
Context 9
... 1925) Taylor's sea catfish or bagre de Taylor (Spanish) (Figs. 4E, 5E; Tables 1-3, 6) Tachisurus melanopus (not Günther).-Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1890: 88 (west coast tropi- cal America; in part). ...
Citations
... For the case of Conguito Sea Catfish, in general little is known about the biology or life history strategies of species belonging to the genus Cathorops (Marceniuk et al. 2016). This genus is distributed only in the Americas and can be easily misidentified due to the overall similarity of external morphology and coloration, combined with a lack of knowledge of ontogenetic and intersexual differences among Cathorops species, and sometimes they can even be identified as other unrelated species of the Ariidae family (Marceniuk et al. 2009). As a result of this, there is no adequate information on the commercial catch of this specific species, and very few studies have been carried out (Marceniuk 2007). ...
Biological parameters relating to the reproductive biology of Conguito Sea Catfish Cathorops liropus were investigated in 1979–1984 and 2015–2018 from an estuarine system on the northwestern Pacific coast of Mexico. In the first period, the spawning season occurred during the dry–warm season (April–June), according with the percentage of mature females and the highest gonadosomatic index (GSI) values. Mean TL was 12.3 cm, two cohorts were found, length at maturity was 18.6 cm, and fecundity was 24.47 oocytes/organism. In the second period, the spawning season extended to the rainy–warm season (July–November), as reflected by the percentage of mature females and the GSI values. Mean TL was 11.6 cm, length at maturity decreased to 17.1 cm, and fecundity decreased to 20.67 oocytes/organism, indicating a reduction in the size‐based indicators and a change in the spawning period and reproductive effort as time passed. The number of fishing skiffs increased from 1,103 in 1980 to 2,434 in 2019, representing a 220% increase, and the landings increased from 400 to 3,432 metric tons in the same period. Temporal trends in surface water temperature, salinity, and the Oceanic Niño Index did not explain the observed changes between the study periods. These results suggest that the observed changes in the reproductive potential of Conguito Sea Catfish have been at least partially due to fishing.
... Remarks -Extant Cathorops is the most species-rich genus of Ariidae in the New World, currently represented by 21 species on both sides of the tropical Americas from the Gulf of Mexico to southeastern Brazil (Atlantic Ocean) and from Baja California to northern Peru (Pacific Ocean) that inhabit brackish water as well as freshwater . The accurate taxonomic review of extant Cathorops supports the monophyly of genera Marceniuk, 2007aMarceniuk, , 2007bMarceniuk and Betancur, 2008;Marceniuk et al., 2009, and the origination of modern Cathorops has been calculated at ca. 27 Ma (late Oligocene, Chattian) and that of the subgenera Precathorops has been calculated at ca. 21 Ma (early Miocene, Aquitanian) [sensu . The older known fossil species is a single skull of †Cathorops goeldii and an isolated otolith specimen that came from the late Oligocene/early Miocene Pirabas Formation, Brazil . ...
The examined Ariidae marine catfish from the Neogene of tropical America consisted of isolated skulls, otoliths and bone fragments, some of which were described independently as otolith-based species or skull-based species. We used three-dimensional digital rendering (microCT) of skull and otolith reconstructions to recognize anatomical patterns including skull-otolith morphology, spatial allocations of otoliths in the endocranium for taxonomic identifications. We recognized isolated Proto-Caribbean otoliths of Cathorops sp. from the late early Miocene to early Pliocene formations and isolated otoliths of †Aspistor verumquadriscutis, †Bagre urumacoensis and Notarius sp. from the late Miocene. We explored the endocrania of four fossil Ariidae skulls from the late Oligocene to late early Miocene Proto-Caribbean to determine their internal otolith-cranial morphology, and we identified and described the skulls of †Bagre protocaribbeanus and †Cantarius nolfi and erected the new species of †Bagre castilloensi n. sp. and †Bagre ornatus n. sp. based on the internal otolith-skull association. The first fossil record of Bagre marinus from the early Pliocene Cubagua Formation to the late Pliocene San Gregorio Formation completed the ariid geochronological sequence. We discuss the differential stages of fossil preservation of bioapatite skulls and aragonite otoliths according to the diagenetic processes as well as the paleoenvironmental conditions in the sedimentary basins. Detailed microCT, 3D reconstructions, X-rays, dry prepared skeletons and digital photos of otolith and skull are shown to elucidate the in-skull otoliths species descriptions.
... The identification of fishes was determined by using the methods of Fischer et al. (1995a, b), Nelson (2006), Marceniuk et al. (2009Marceniuk et al. ( , 2017, Robertson and Allen (2015), Froese and Pauly (2017), and Tavera et al. (2018). Total length (L T ), standard length (L S ), and total weight (g) were measured for all fishes. ...
Three fish assemblages (functional groups according to estuary use) were examined, which presented different responses to environmental variations, mainly associated to the dry and rainy seasons and high and low salinities and temperatures in the Buenaventura Bay estuary, Colombia, Tropical Eastern Pacific. In total, 4674 individuals were collected, belonging to 69 species of 29 families. The most abundant species was Sphoeroides trichocephalus (35% of the total density). The assemblage of estuarine-resident fishes showed high tolerance to environmental variations since these were present all along the estuary and throughout the year. The assemblage of marine estuarine–dependent species was associated with the rainy season and low salinities and temperatures. The assemblages of marine estuarine opportunist fishes were associated with areas of higher environmental variability in both seasons, dry and rainy. Fish species belonging to the same functional group showed variations in their response to environmental changes which evidenced complex spatial and temporal dynamics. Understanding these changes is necessary to generate effective management plans based on scientific ecological knowledge, which include environmental impacts present in this estuary such as microplastics, heavy metals, and effects of dredging, and their effects on the ecosystem.
... The dorsomedial groove of the neurocranium referred to herein is formed by the anterior fleshy portion opposed to the anterior cranial fontanel and limited by the posterior branches of the mesethmoid and frontals and a posterior bony portion formed by the mesial depression of the frontals and the anterior portion of supraoccipital (Marceniuk, Betancur-R. & Acero 2009). Nuchal plate refers to the fusion of the anterior and the medial nuchal plates (Royero 1987). Names of bones are those used by Weitzman (1962), Lundberg & Baskin (1969), and Mo (1991) with the following exceptions: 'parietosupraoccipital' instead of 'supraoccipital' (Arratia & Gayet 1995). ...
Paragenidens, a new genus of ariid catfishes is proposed to accommodate Arius grandoculis, a species previously assigned to the genus Potamarius. Paragenidens grandoculis is an endemic ariid catfish categorized as Critically Endangered and probably Extinct from coastal lacustrine systems from Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states, southeastern Brazil. After more than 50 years without records of the species, new recent fieldwork revealed that the species is extinct at lagoa Juparanã, but still can be found at lagoa Nova in Linhares municipality, Espírito Santo state. Here, Paragenidens is described based on morphological and molecular evidence. In addition to its generic reassignment, the species is redescribed, and comments on its phylogenetic relationships, biogeography and conservation are presented.
... & Acero 2004, 2006Betancur-R. et al. 2008;Marceniuk et al. 2009Marceniuk et al. , 2012b. ...
... The dorsomedial groove of the neurocranium referred to herein is formed by the anterior fleshy portion opposed to the anterior cranial fontanel and limited by the posterior branches of the mesethmoid and frontals and a posterior bony portion formed by the mesial depression of the frontals and the anterior portion of parietosupraoccipital (Marceniuk et al. 2009). The nuchal plate is the fusion of the anterior and the medial nuchal plates (Royero, 1987). ...
In recent years, morphological and molecular studies have improved our understanding about the relationships and classification schemes of the marine catfishes of the family Ariidae. A taxonomic issue that is still contentious concerns the limits and status of the freshwater Neotropical ariid diversity, in particular the species in the genus Potamarius. The de-limitation of Potamarius is currently uncertain given the disjunct distribution of the species in Mesoamerica (Potamarius izabalensis, P. nelsoni and P. usumacintae, from Lake Izabal and Usumacinta River basins in Mexico to Guatemala) and Brazil (P. grandoculis, from coastal lakes in southeastern Brazil). The freshwater Arius labiatus and Hexanematichthys henni from the Peripa and Daule rivers in Ecuador that drain to the Eastern Pacific (EP), have also at times been listed as species inquirenda in Potamarius. Here, we redescribe Arius labiatus, redefine the taxonomic status of Hexanematichthys henni, as junior synonym of Arius labiatus, and describe a new species from Peru that is closely related to Arius labiatus. Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic evidence, we also describe a new genus (Chinchaysuyoa) for the two South American species.
... Samples were obtained every three months, in Bahia de Matanchen (using bottom trawl nets consistent of 72 hauls, with mesh sizes of 3.2 cm in the wings and 2.54 cm in the cod-end) from February to November, 2016 and in the San Blas estuarine system (using gill nets consistent of 32 hauls, with mesh sizes of 5 cm) from August, 2015 to May, 2016 respectively. The allometric coefficient (b) of LWR varied from 2.797 for the Cominate Sea Catfish (Occidentarius platypogon ( Günther, 1864) , Betancur-R, & Acero, 2009). For six of these species this accounts for the first report on estimations of LWR parameters. ...
... A concerted effort has also been made to better document the alpha taxonomy of the family, particularly in the Neotropics (Acero & Betancur-R, 2002;Betancur-R & Acero, 2004, 2006Betancur-R. et al., 2008;Marceniuk et al., 2009Marceniuk et al., , 2012a). One of the issues that remains contentious about ariid systematics is the taxonomic status of the amphiamerican genus Ariopsis Gill, 1861. ...
The taxonomy of sea catfishes (Ariidae) has had a complex history. A recent checklist of catfish species recognized Ariidae as having by far the highest number of species with uncertain status among siluriform families. One of the main problems concerns the classification and species delimitation of the amphiamerican genus Ariopsis Gill. Some recent studies have listed Ariopsis under the synonymy of other genera (e.g., Sciades Müller & Troschel), while other systematic revisions recognize Ariopsis as valid but have pointed out the need for clarification of the species composition of the genus. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, the systematic status and taxonomic limits of the genus Ariopsis are herein redefined. Two new species of Ariopsis are described, one only known from the Archipiélago de las Perlas, Pacific coast of Panama and another endemic to the Colombian Caribbean. Additionally, Ariopsis gilberti from the Pacific coast of Mexico and Ariopsis simonsi from Peru to Colombia (Eastern Pacific), previously listed as synonyms of Ariopsis seemanni, are herein resurrected. Finally, a molecular phylogeny is provided together with an identification key to the eight species in Ariopsis.
... However, morphological features may have limited value for the identification of species when intraspecific, ontogenetic or sexual variation is overlooked or when the differences between species are small. The identification of ariid species is especially problematic due to the very similar external appearance of most forms, although qualitative and morphometric features of the skull provide important guidelines for species recognition (Marceniuk, 2005b(Marceniuk, , 2007Marceniuk & Betancur-R, 2008;Marceniuk, Betancur-R, & Acero, 2009, Marceniuk, Menezes, & Britto, 2012. ...
The Thomas sea catfish is characterized by a highly variable parietosupraoccipital process, which has been recognized as intraspecific variation or phenotypic plasticity. On the basis of this variation, three nominal species have been described, with two of them currently considered to be junior synonyms. Here, the Notarius grandicassis species complex is reviewed, considering the geographic variation of its morphological traits. Notarius grandicassis from north-eastern South America, and Notarius parmocassis, from eastern and southern Brazil, are redescribed as distinct evolutionary units, even though they are not differentiated by partial sequences of the mitochondrial genes CytB and ATPase 8/6. This condition is interpreted as a consequence of the recent evolutionary history of these species, which are found in distinct geographic areas with different environmental conditions.
... The monophyly of the genus is well supported by morphological and molecular evidence . Over the past decade, Cathorops was the subject of a major taxonomic review (Marceniuk, 1997), based on the investigation of an extensive series of material which permitted a profound understanding of the morphological variability of the genus, in particular that related to sex (Marceniuk, 2007a), together with molecular analyses (Betancur-R et al., 2007), which resulted in the revalidation of five synonymized nominal species, in addition to the recognition of seven new species (Marceniuk, 2007ab;Marceniuk & Betancur-R., 2008;Marceniuk, et al., 2009. ...
... The uncertain status of Arius festae Boulenger, 1898, described from Naranjal in the basin of the Guayas River in Ecuador (Marceniuk, et al. 2009; Betancur-R. et al., 2012), remains as the principal lacuna in the taxonomic knowledge of the genus. ...
... Individual measurements are presented for the primary type specimens. The dorsomedial groove of the neurocranium, as referred to in the present study, is formed by the anterior fleshy portion juxtaposed with the anterior cranial fontanel, and limited by the posterior branches of the mesethmoid and frontals, and a posterior bony portion formed by the mesial depression of the frontals and the anterior portion of the supraoccipital (Marceniuk et al., 2009). The term 'nuchal plate' refers to the fusion of the anterior and the medial nuchal plates (Royero, 1987). ...
Over the past decade, the Sea Catfish (Ariidae) genus Cathorops has been the focus of a major taxonomic review, which has resulted in the revalidation of five synonymized nominal species, and the recognition of seven new species. With 21 valid species, Cathorops is currently the most species-rich genus of Ariidae in the New World. The principal lacuna in the taxonomic knowledge of genus species is the uncertain status of Arius festae Boulenger, 1898, described from Naranjal, in the Guayas River basin of Ecuador. In the present study Cathorops festae is redescribed as a valid species based on morphological and molecular data.
... , Acero and Betancur-R (2007) and Betancur-R (2009) reported the systematic and phylogenetic relationships among ariid species. Several new species of ariids were studied and described by some scientists, such as Arius midgleyi (Kailola & Pierce 1988) (Marceniuk & Acero 2009). ...
review by fish taxonomist globally. Species level identification of some ariids often resulted in species misidentification because of their complex characters and very similar morphological characters within genera. A vigilant and detail observation is very important during the species level identification of ariid species. In these contexts, this study was carried out in order to determine the morphological variations of one of the ariid genera, Plicofollis, which have been giving misleading taxonomic information in the south-east Asian countries. A Truss network technique was used throughout the study period. The study was conducted based on 20 truss measurements using 22 to 23 specimens per species, namely P. argyropleuron, P. nella and P. tenuispinis found in Peninsular Malaysian waters. Morphological variations were determined using a multivariate technique of discriminant function analysis (DFA). The results obtained in this study showed that discriminant analysis using truss network measurements has produced very clear separations of all the species in Plicofollis group. Several important morphological characters have been identified, which represent body depth and caudal regions of the fish. The documentary evidences of these variables could be considered as the constructive functional features, which could enable us to assess more accurately to distinguish the species within this complex Ariidae family.
Keywords: Ariidae; DFA; morphology; Plicofollis; P. argyropleuron; P. nella; P. tenuispinis; Truss network
