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The clinical implications of non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) derive from their potential to progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. Inappropriate dietary fat intake, excessive intake of soft drinks, insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress results in increased free fatty acid delivery to the liver and increased hepatic triglyceride...
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Context 1
... studies show a direct beneficial role for olive oil in improving plasma lipids in the treatment of metabolic syndrome [44] . Unrefined or virgin olive oil has bioactive compounds with beneficial antioxidants action (Table 2) [48] . Oleocanthal, a component found in extra virgin olive oil, is a natural anti-inflammatory compound that has a potency and profile strikingly similar to that of ibuprofen [55] . ...
Similar publications
Polyphenols are potent antioxidants that are particularly abundant in the Mediterranean diet, with olive oil being the main fat source. A number of investigations have reported that phenolic compounds found in dietary oils are antioxidants and could provide protective effects by inhibiting DNA oxidative damage. However, few studies have been publis...
Citations
... The role of monounsaturated fat intake in NAFLD is still controversial, with conflicting results in different studies. Some studies suggest a beneficial effect of foods rich in monounsaturated fats, like olive oil, on reducing liver fat and inflammation [14][15][16]. In contrast, others report a potentially detrimental effect that might be due to an impairment of hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation that is influenced by energy metabolism and body composition [17,18]. ...
Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has healthy benefits for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). However, limited evidence is available about the effects of liver disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We evaluate whether dose-increased consumption of EVOO is associated with a lower prevalence of NAFLD and if these effects vary based on body weight. The study included 2436 subjects with a 33% NAFLD prevalence. Daily EVOO was categorized into tertiles: low (0–24 g/day), moderate (25–37 g/day), and high consumption (>37 g/day). Subjects were also classified by body mass index (BMI) as normo-weight (18.5–24.9), overweight (25–29.9), and obese (≥30). Logistic regression analysis was applied to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for NAFLD, considering a 20-gram increment in EVOO intake and accounting for EVOO categories combined with BMI classes. The ORs were 0.83 (0.74;0.93) C.I. p = 0.0018 for continuous EVOO, 0.89 (0.69;1.15) C.I. p = 0.37, and 0.73 (0.55;0.97) C.I. p = 0.03 for moderate and high consumption, respectively, when compared to low consumption. Overall, the percent relative risk reductions (RRR) for NAFLD from low to high EVOO consumption were 18% (19.2%;16.4%) C.I. and 26% (25%;27.4%) C.I. in overweight and obese subjects. High EVOO consumption is associated with a reduced risk of NAFLD. This effect is amplified in overweight subjects and even more in obese subjects.
... Surprisingly, there was no activity of caspase-3 in all studied groups. Cathepsin-B can activate apoptosis through caspase-3 but also stimulates NF-κB translocation and inflammatory response [69,70]. So, we hypothesized that the hepatic activity of cathepsin-B is lower to activate apoptosis via caspase-3, but it can contribute to NF-κB translocation. ...
Non-alcoholic fatty liver is the leading cause of hepatic disease worldwide and ranges from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) due to cell injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. The kinins’ role in the liver has been studied in experimental fibrosis, partial hepatectomy, and ischemia-reperfusion and is related to cell death and regeneration. We investigated its role in experimental NASH induced by a methionine-choline deficient diet for 4 weeks. After that, liver perfusion was performed, and bradykinin (BK) or des-Arg9-BK was infused. Cell death was evaluated by cathepsin-B and caspase-3 activity and oxidative stress by catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, as well as malondialdehyde and carbonylated proteins. In control livers, DABK increased CAT activity, which was reversed by antagonist DALBK. In the NASH group, kinins tend to decrease antioxidant activity, with SOD activity being significantly reduced by BK and DABK. Malondialdehyde levels increased in all NASH groups, but carbonylated protein did not. DABK significantly decreased cathepsin-B in the NASH group, while caspase-3 was increased by BK in control animals. Our results suggest that B1R and/or B2R activation did not induce oxidative stress but affected the antioxidant system, reducing SOD in the NASH group.
... [14,78]. High consumption of olive oil is a main feature of the Mediterranean diet, which is renowned for its health benefits and protective effect on cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, and cancer [78][79][80][81][82][83]. A recent comprehensive meta-analysis of 117 studies including 3,202,496 participants evaluated the association between the Mediterranean diet and cancer risk [81]. ...
... Several SCD1 inhibitors (including A939572, CAY10566, MF-438, CVT-11127, and T-3764518) have already been tested as anticancer agents in different cancer models, both in vivo and in vitro. These SCD1 inhibitors slow cancer development and progression by inducing cell death as well as inhibiting angiogenesis [82][83][84][85]88,90,91,95,98,101,107,111,219]. These inhibitors can also improve chemotherapy and radiation therapy responses by reducing inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance as well as enhancing the efficacy of other cancer therapeutic agents [80,103]. ...
Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) have been the subject of extensive research in the field of cancer due to their potential role in its prevention and treatment. MUFAs can be consumed through the diet or endogenously biosynthesized. Stearoyl-CoA desaturases (SCDs) are key enzymes involved in the endogenous synthesis of MUFAs, and their expression and activity have been found to be increased in various types of cancer. In addition, diets rich in MUFAs have been associated with cancer risk in epidemiological studies for certain types of carcinomas. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art literature on the associations between MUFA metabolism and cancer development and progression from human, animal, and cellular studies. We discuss the impact of MUFAs on cancer development, including their effects on cancer cell growth, migration, survival, and cell signaling pathways, to provide new insights on the role of MUFAs in cancer biology.
... Olive oil increases the concentration of gastrointestinal hormones, which in turn act on the synthesis or secretion of enzymes and other constituents of the digestive juices, thereby promoting faster absorption and metabolism [23]. High oleic acid content has a beneficial effect in curing fatty liver diseases by reducing the accumulation of triacylglycerols in the liver, improving postprandial triacylglycerols glucose, and glucagon (like peptide-1) responses in insulin-resistant subjects, and upregulating glucose transporter-2 expression in the liver [24]. ...
Economically motivated adulteration (EMA) and/or cross-contamination are the two major factors resulting in the substandard quality of premium edible oil like extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) produced in food and beverage (F&B) fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industries. Current quality assurance methods (e.g., spectroscopy and chromatography) in FMCG involve intrusive sample extraction and ex situ analysis in a laboratory using expensive bulky instrumentation, which is neither integrable inline nor scalable to match the production throughput. Such techniques do not meet the industrial requirements of in situ testing, non-intrusive analysis, and high throughput inspection (100% product verification) leading to food loss and package waste from unwanted batch rejects. Herein, a low-cost electrical approach based on capacitance is proposed to show the proof of concept for screening EVOO-filled containers non-invasively for adulteration without any sample extraction by capturing the differences in the dielectric properties of mixed oils. The sensor system displayed a fast response (100 ms) and low detection limits for different adulterants (olive oil (32.8%), canola oil (19.4%), soy oil (10.3%) and castor oil (1.7%)), which is suitable for high-throughput (>60 sample/min) screening. Furthermore, a low-cost automated system prototype was realized to showcase the possibility of translating the proof of concept for possible scaling up and inline integration.
... 44 Assy et al. suggested that the possible mechanism of MUFA in NAFLD is through reducing nuclear factor-κb (NF-κB) activation, LDL oxidation, and insulin resistance. 45 There was no statistically significant relationship between fruit, whole grain, legume, and nuts PI and NAFLD. However, all of these components are clinically and significantly different among participants in the highest compared with those in the lowest tertile of PI. ...
Backgrounds
Dietary phytochemical index (DPI) is an inexpensive method for estimating the amounts of phytochemicals in foods. No study has investigated the association between DPI and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our study aimed to compare DPI in patients with NAFLD and the control group.
Methods
This is a case-control study of 250 subjects with NAFLD and 450 healthy subjects attending the Metabolic Liver Disease Research Center as a referral center affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. DPI was calculated based on data collected from a 168-item validated food frequency questionnaire. Sociodemographic data, physical activity, and anthropometric measures such as body weight, height, and waist circumference were determined.
Results
In the final adjusted model, the odds ratio (OR) of NAFLD across the DPI tertiles decreased significantly (OR =0.55, 95%CI = 0.31 – 0.95) (P-trend = 0.03).The highest vs. lowest tertiles of vegetable and olives PI were significantly associated with a lower risk of NAFLD (OR and 95% CI = 0.26 (0.14 – 0.47); OR and 95% CI = 0.51 (0.29 – 0.90), p for trend<0.001, respectively), however, there was no significant relation between other PI components and NAFLD.
Conclusion
This case-control study suggested that a higher PI score is associated with a reduced chance of NAFLD after adjusting for confounding variables. In addition, the highest tertile of vegetable and olives PI was significantly associated with a lower risk of NAFLD.
... Excessive inappropriate dietary fat intake combined with peripheral IR continues TG hydrolysis through lipoprotein lipase and other genetic alterations in key lipid metabolic pathways, leading to increased blood FFA concentration and resulting in excessive muscle fat accumulation and increased liver TG and cholesterol ester concentration [35]. This excess in FFAs drives the overproduction of TG-rich lipoprotein parti-cles including LDL-Ch and VLDL-Ch; a reciprocal decrease in HDL accompanies the hypertriglyceridemia characteristic of type 2 diabetes [36]. The fatty acid profile diet plays a crucial role in IR [37]. ...
Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside arteries. Cinnamaldehyde (Ci) has many biological properties that include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Thus, this study was designed to explore the protective effect of Ci against atherosclerosis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD) in Wistar rats. Atherosclerosis was induced by an oral administration of an HFD for 10 weeks. Atherosclerosis-induced rats were supplemented with Ci at a dose of 20 mg/kg bw dissolved in 0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), daily by oral gavage for the same period. Rats were divided into three groups of 10 rats each fed with (a) ND, (b) HFD, and (c) HFD+Ci, daily for 10 weeks. Treatment of rats with Ci significantly reduced the elevated levels of serum total cholesterol (T.Ch), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Ch), very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-Ch), and free fatty acids (FFAs) and significantly increased the lowered levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-Ch) level. Ci ameliorated the increased cardiovascular risk indices 1 and 2 and the decreased antiatherogenic index. Moreover, Ci reduced the elevated serum creatine kinase (CK), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities. Ci also improved the heart antioxidant activities by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) activities. Furthermore, the supplementation with Ci downregulated the mRNA expression levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Thus, Ci successfully elicited a therapeutic impact against atherosclerosis induced by HFD via its hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory actions.
... Diets enriched in vegetables, legumes, olive oil, seeds, and red wine have proven their beneficial effects on all the risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome and NAFLD [40]. This can be explained through several mechanisms that can vary from an effective dietary approach for weight loss to a model diet that is plentiful in some beneficial nutrients such as antioxidants, vitamins, and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) through the presence of olive oil as the main contributor of fat [41]. A westernized diet characterized by a high intake of pasta, red meat, desserts, and pizza, rich in simple sugar as well as in saturated and trans fatty acids is well known to trigger an increase in weight, higher postprandial insulin secretion and ultimately an increase in liver fat storage [42]. ...
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the most common liver injury worldwide. NAFLD can evolve into non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with or without fibrosis. The objectives of this study were to determine the nutritional profile and dietary patterns of NAFLD Lebanese patients and to report the type of diet-related to the presence of hepatic fibrosis. We hypothesized that the traditional pattern was related to a low risk of fibrosis. This cross-sectional study included 320 eligible Lebanese NAFLD patients. Three dietary patterns were identified: the Traditional diet, the High Fruit diet, and the Westernized diet. Multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between high adherence to the traditional diet and absence of hepatic fibrosis with a decreased risk of 82%, p = 0.031 after adjusting for its covariables. Fruits were absent from this dietary pattern. Although our results pointed to a possible relationship between fibrosis in NAFLD patients and fruit intake, experimental studies are needed to show whether this is a causal relationship. However, the results obtained in this study may contribute to the planning of dietary interventions and recommendations and enable a better follow-up for NAFLD patients with fibrosis.
... Olive oil, rich in the MUFA and phenolic compounds has been reported in increasing hepatic glucose transporter-2 expression and decreasing the accumulation of hepatic triglycerides. Such effects of olive oil is believed to be mediated through a number of mechanisms involving suppression of NF-κB activation, downregulation of LDL oxidation and suppression of proinflammatory cytokine release (IL6, TNFα), and ameliorating IR [114][115][116][117]. ...
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is exponentially increasing serious chronic liver
disease around the world, characterized by abnormal accumulation of triglycerides in the liver with no or little alcohol consumption, affecting about one-third of the population in western countries.
In the US, NAFLD is the second leading cause of liver transplantation and is becoming the second cause of death in the general population [2]. NAFLD is an umbrella term encompassing a range of hepatic disorders, leading from simple hepatic steatosis to NASH, and fibrosis to cirrhosis [3]. A sedentary lifestyle along with high caloric diet intake remains the main cause of NAFLD in industrialized countries. Various studies have shown that NAFLD is a multisystem disorder augmenting the risk of many other diseases, including T2D, kidney diseases, and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Notably, among NAFLD patients, CVD remains the main cause of demise [4]. The multifactorial nature of NAFLD is associated with multiplex pathogenesis[1,5]. The physiopathology of disease (NAFLD) was earlier elucidated based on the “two-hit hypothesis” proposing that accumulation of TG’s or the steatosis is the first hit and the inflammation triggered by the cytokines and the adipokines leading to NASH or fibrosis is the second hit [6]. The “multiple-hit hypothesis” proposes numerous insults acting simultaneously on predisposed genetic subjects promoting NAFLD. Multiple factors like nutritional factors, insulin resistance, hormones secreted by adipose tissue, gut microbiota, epigenetic along with genetic factors are included in multiple
... It has been documented to lead to a favorable health status and provide an optimum intake of salutary nutrients to prevent chronic degenerative diseases [47]. The benefits of such dietary habits can be expressed in terms of NAFLD prevention through many mechanisms that can differ, ranging from an appropriate dietary strategy for weight loss, to a model diet that is abundant in some beneficial nutrients such as MUFA and vitamins, with the inclusion of olive oil as the key source of fat [48]. Each of these considerations likely contributes, overall, to establishing the protective and therapeutic role of the MedDiet in NAFLD. ...
Hepatic steatosis, often known as fatty liver, is the most common hepatic disease in Western countries. The latest guidelines for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease emphasize lifestyle measures, such as changing unhealthy eating patterns. Using a propensity score-matching approach, this study investigated the effect of adhering to a Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) on fatty liver risk in an older population (≥65 years) from Southern Italy. We recruited 1.403 subjects (53.6% men, ≥65 years) who completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and underwent clinical assessment between 2015 and 2018. For the assessment of the liver fat content, we applied the Fatty Liver Index (FLI). To evaluate the treatment effect of the MedDiet, propensity score matching was performed on patients with and without FLI > 60. After propensity score-matching with the MedDiet pattern as treatment, we found a higher consumption of red meat (p = 0.04) and wine (p = 0.04) in subjects with FLI > 60. Based on the FLI, the inverse association shown between adherence to the MedDiet and the risk of hepatic steatosis shows that the MedDiet can help to prevent hepatic steatosis. Consuming less red and processed meat, as well as alcoholic beverages, may be part of these healthy lifestyle recommendations.
... Olive oil is a main component of the Mediterranean diet [124], which is renowned for its health benefits and is inversely associated with liver, breast and colorectal cancer mortality [125]. Olive oil consumption itself has beneficial effects in counteracting liver steatosis [126] and is associated with a decreased risk of having all types of cancer [127]. It is thought that the beneficial effects of olive oil are due to its high proportion of oleic acid, which has potent antitumor effects. ...
Tumour growth and dissemination is largely dependent on nutrient availability. It has recently emerged that the tumour microenvironment is rich in a diverse array of lipids that increase in abundance with tumour progression and play a role in promoting tumour growth and metastasis. Here, we describe the pro-tumorigenic roles of lipid uptake, metabolism and synthesis and detail the therapeutic potential of targeting lipid metabolism in cancer. Additionally, we highlight new insights into the distinct immunosuppressive effects of lipids in the tumour microenvironment. Lipids threaten an anti-tumour environment whereby metabolic adaptation to lipid metabolism is linked to immune dysfunction. Finally, we describe the differential effects of commondietary lipids on cancer growth which may uncover a role for specific dietary regimens in association with traditional cancer therapies. Understanding the relationship between dietary lipids, tumour, and immune cells is important in the context of obesity which may reveal a possibility to harness the diet in the treatment of cancers.
