Table 2 - uploaded by Karrer Alghazali
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Polymer blends are capable of providing materials with extended useful properties beyond the range that can be obtained from single polymer equivalents. Blends of polystyrene (PS) and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) are prepared in different ratios by melt blending technique which was carried out using a single screw extruder. The tensile tes...
Similar publications
Polymer blends are capable of providing materials with extended useful properties beyond the range that can be obtained from single polymer equivalents. Blends of polystyrene (PS) and Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) are prepared in different ratios by melt blending technique which was carried out using a single screw extruder. The tensile tes...
In order to develop the potential application of industrial alkali lignin, its acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) composites were fabricated via melt blending in the absence/presence of a compatibilizer. The lignin can uniformly disperse in the ABS matrix with number-average dispersed-phase domains of sub-micron scale, ranging from 150–250 nm, a...
Citations
... Despite the thermal instability of Y6 above 100 • C, it was not ruled out because of the improved compound stability with blending [60,61]. For the Y5 layer, Rq decreases from 11 nm to 9.4 nm after annealing, and Ra decreases from 5.5 nm to 3.8 nm. ...
... Despite the thermal instability of Y6 above 100 °C, it was not ruled out because of the improved compound stability with blending [60,61]. ...
This study addresses the development and optothermal analysis of donor–acceptor thin layers, including materials universally used in organic photovoltaic cells. This article presents the impact of temperature on the optical properties and morphology of thin films made from materials commonly used in organic solar cells. This research focused on two donor materials (PTB7 and PTB7th) and two non-fullerene acceptors (Y5 and Y6), individually and in binary combinations with PTB7 and PTB7th. This study employed various techniques, including UV–Vis spectroscopy, ellipsometry, and atomic force microscopy (AFM), to analyze changes in the absorption, refractive index, extinction coefficient, and morphology at temperatures ranging from 30 °C to 120 °C. This research shows reversible changes in thickness and absorption with temperature, but the extent of these changes differs between PTB7 and PTB7th. Y5 shows some reversible changes, while Y6 demonstrates greater instability and more permanent changes at higher temperatures. The enhanced thermal stability of binary mixtures compared to single-component materials was observed.
... 8 Blendas são misturas físicas de polímeros e são materiais amplamente utilizados devido ao aprimoramento de suas propriedades físicas quando comparadas com as propriedades dos polímeros individuais. 9 Nesta direção, as blendas poliméricas têm apresentado características úteis em diversos setores. 10 As principais vantagens das blendas poliméricas são a simplicidade de preparação e facilidade de controle de propriedades físicas por mudanças de composição. ...
... Sendo η redm a viscosidade reduzida e [η] m a viscosidade intrínseca da mistura, considerando que em uma solução muito diluída uma molécula não sofre influência de outra no sistema. (9) Na qual w A e w B são as frações em peso dos polímeros A e B. Os parâmetros b A , b B e b AB se referem aos parâmetros experimentais dos homopolímeros A, B e de uma mistura AB, respectivamente. ...
EFFECT OF OCTADECYLAMINE ON THE PROPERTIES OF POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE)/ POLYSTYRENE BLENDS. Blends of poly(methyl methacrylate)/polystyrene (PMMA/PS) in compositions 95/05 and 90/10, with and without the surfactant octadecylamine (ODA), were studied. Analysis of the results obtained by a viscosimetric method using the classical models, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and refractive index showed that the blends are immiscible. However, viscosimetric analysis of miscibility using the cluster model showed that polymeric aggregates are formed in blends with ODA. Such aggregates, which possibly modified the distribution of polymer chains in the system, had an essential impact on the properties of blends with ODA, making a less rigid material with lower glass transition temperature (Tg), lower optical gap energy, and higher refractive index.
... An important factor when working with blends is achieving compatibility of the selected polymers, which is expressed in the formation of a single homogeneous phase. The compatibility of polymers is determined by the Gibbs free mixing energy calculated by Eq. 1 [5]: ...
The article presents the results of thermal, rheological, and structural studies of a recycled polystyrene and recycled polyethylene blend by modifying it with maleinated styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene thermoplastic elastomer as a compatibilizer. Thermal analysis showed that the introduction of a compatibilizer did not significantly affect the value of the glass transition temperatures of the composites, which indicates their stability. Thermogravimetric analysis showed an increase in the temperature of the onset of thermal degradation with the introduction of 2.5 wt.% of maleinated thermoplastic elastomer from 307 to 321 °C. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed an improvement in the uniformity of the resulting blend structure with the introduction of maleinated thermoplastic elastomer. Blends of the studied recycled polymers with the introduction of a compatibilizer have a 3.5-fold increased impact strength compared to non-compatibilized blend.
Graphical Abstract
... The results reveal six miscible blends, each displaying a single T g , as illustrated in According to previous studies, the behavior of T g in polymer blends serves as a crucial indicator of their miscibility. A single T g observed between the T g values of the pure components suggests molecular homogeneity, whereas multiple T g values indicate phase separation among the blend's components [33]. ...
This study explores the development of advanced thermo-sensitive shape memory polymer (SMP) blends for 4D printing using Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM). The investigation explores the thermal, mechanical, and shape memory properties of various polymer blends, including polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA). By employing Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), mechanical testing, and shape memory evaluation, the study assesses the miscibility, tensile strength, and shape recovery performance of different blend compositions. Results reveal that PLA/PMMA blend with 75 wt% PMMA exhibited the highest tensile strength at 54.19 MPa in the 0° orientation, while the PLA/PETG blend demonstrated the best tensile strain of 10,32% in the 90° orientation. In terms of shape memory performance, the PLA/PMMA blend with 75 wt% PLA achieved optimal shape fixity of 93.33% and shape recovery of 100%, with a rapid recovery time of 7 s. The PLA/PETG blend also performed well, with a shape fixity of 98.33% and a full recovery of 100%, though with a slower recovery time of 28 s. These findings highlight the potential of these polymer blends to enhance the mechanical performance and responsiveness of 4D printed structures, making them ideal for applications in soft robotics, biomedical devices, and adaptive systems.
... Polymer composites and blends have been extensively studied to prepare various compounds for different applications. The method used to prepare them can significantly influence properties such as mechanical strength [1,2] and electrical properties [3,4]. As mentioned by Giaconi et al. [5], the synthesis methods and final morphology of the ABS polymer matrix can influence the mechanical properties. ...
... According to Girotto and Santos [25], for circular samples that have dimensions as w<4/10 * s, where "w" is the thickness and "s" is the spacing between probe tips (mm), the resistivity is calculated by equation (1), as follows: ρ=R*w*4.5324 (1) where ρ= electrical resistivity (Ω m), R= electric resistance (Ω), and w= thickness of the sample in millimeters. ...
In this study, ABS copolymers were blended with doped polyaniline (PAni) and undoped polypyrrole (PPy) at concentrations of up to 2.5 % by weight. This allowed to understand how the mechanical and electrical resistivity properties of the ABS copolymer were affected by small quantities of these polymers. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that even with the smallest amounts of PAni or PPy added, significant morphological changes occur. The contact angle values revealed that there is a different limit in the addition of PAni or PPy to maximize the dispersive component effect. Mechanical analysis of the composites indicated that the addition of 0.625 % and 1.25 % PPy produced the highest values of Toughness, 3.87 MJ m-3 and 3.89 MJ m-3, respectively. The stress at rupture varied from 57 to 61 MPa for ABS-PAni composites and from 25 to 61 MPa for ABS-PPy composites. In addition, the strain at break of ABS-PAni composites ranged from 4 to 7 %, while that of ABS-PPy composites varied from 5 to 12 %. Both ABS-PAni and ABS-PPy composites did not reveal significant changes by Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, the electrical conductivity (σ) of the composites increased six and eleven-fold, respectively, upon the addition of 2.5 % of doped PAni or undoped PPy, which were considered significant changes.
... A single T g observed at an intermediate temperature between the T g values of the individual components typically implies molecular homogeneity and miscibility. Conversely, the presence of multiple T g values is indicative of phase separation, reflecting the distinct phases of the blend's components [26]. ...
This article investigates the thermal, mechanical, and shape memory performances of 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA), polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG), and their blends for potential applications in 4D printing. Differential Scanning Calorimetry reveals distinct glass transition temperatures for PLA-PETG blends, confirming their immiscibility. The integration of PETG alters the crystalline structure of PLA, shifting its behavior from brittle to ductile. This confirms PETG’s function as an effective plasticizer. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus are influenced by material composition and printing orientation. The results show that 75% PLA and 25% PETG blend demonstrated enhanced mechanical properties compared to other polymer blends. Shape memory experiments demonstrate exceptional fixity and recovery rates, reaching 100%, with the 75% PLA blend exhibiting outstanding performance across 15 cycles. These findings, coupled with insights into the impact of programming temperature, offer valuable perspectives for designing 4D-printed structures with shape memory attributes, unlocking innovative applications across diverse fields.
Graphical abstract
... Additionally, mixing two different polymers typically results in a new material with new and interesting features. Consequently, investigation of polymer blends has garnered the attention of many researchers for specific applications [4][5][6][7][8]. ...
This study focuses on the evaluation of the dynamic mechanical properties, molecular structure, density, hardness, swelling behavior of natural rubber blends (NR) and nitrile rubber (NBR) reinforced with carbon black and/or nano-silica. An experimental work has been conducted to study of the effects of increasing NR content and incorporating nano-silica on the mechanical properties and molecular structure were studied using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show that increasing the NR content and/or incorporating nano-silica into the elastomer leads to a higher storage modulus with no significant change in the glass transition temperature. FTIR analysis indicates the compatibility of the polyblends and the presence of oxidation of the main polymer chain generated during the grinding of the rubber. Additionally, the results of the swelling study demonstrate that stronger molecular interactions occur on the surface of the nano-silica between the nitrile radicals in the NBR and the silanol (Si-OH) radicals. These findings suggest that blending NR and NBR with carbon black and/or nano-silica can improve the mechanical properties and compatibility of the resulting polyblends, with potential applications in the development of advanced elastomeric materials.
... As an example of the feasibility of our findings, we propose a blend of ABS and polyethylene, that is known has enhanced mechanical properties [29,30]. We add a 2% by weight of TiO2 as Rutile, which is chemically inert and has a density of 4.2 g/cm. ...
Background. New applications of 3D printing have recently appeared in the fields of radiotherapy and radiology, but the knowledge of many radiological characteristics of the compounds involved is still limited. Therefore, studies are needed to improve our understanding about the transport and interaction of ionizing radiation in these materials. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to perform an analysis of the most important radiation interaction parameters in thermoplastic materials used in Fused Deposition Modeling 3D printing. Additionally, we propose improvements to bring their characteristics closer to those of water and use them as water substitutes in applications such as radiodiagnosis, external radiotherapy, and brachytherapy. Methods. We have calculated different magnitudes as mass linear attenuation, mass energy absorption coefficients, as well as stopping power and electronic density of several thermoplastic materials along with various compounds that have been used as water substitutes and in a new proposed blend. To perform these computations, we have used the XCOM and ESTAR databases from NIST and the EGSnrc code for Montecarlo simulations. Results. From the representation of the calculated interaction parameters, we have been able to establish relationships between their properties and the proportion of certain chemical elements. In addition, studying these same characteristics in different commercial solutions used as substitutes for water phantoms allows us to extrapolate improvements for these polymers. Conclusion. The radiological characteristics of the analyzed thermoplastic materials can be improved by adding some chemical elements with atomic numbers higher than oxygen and by using polyethylene in new blends.
... Ethylene-octene copolymer (POE) is widely used in wire, cable, daily necessities, and other industries because of its high elasticity and good processing properties [4][5][6] . Toughening of PA6 with POE can improve the comprehensive properties of PA6 [7] , but no relevant studies on POE/PA6 in asphalt mixtures have been seen. Therefore, the author prepared a POE/PA6 modifier with increased reactivity and added it to the asphalt mixture to investigate its influence on comprehensive road performance and provide information for asphalt pavement maintenance under heavy traffic. ...
A POE/PA6 modifier with increased reactivity was prepared using the twin-screw extrusion granulation process and added to the asphalt mixture. The effect of the POE/PA6 modifier on high-temperature stability, low-temperature anti-cracking, and water stability of asphalt mixture was studied. The results show that compared with the asphalt mixture mixed with recycled PE, the asphalt mixture mixed with POE/PA6 has nearly four times the rutting resistance of the former at 70°C and 1.0 MPa, the fracture energy and flexibility index are twice the former at -10°C, and the maximum bending strain and water stability are also significantly improved. This modifier shows a good engineering application prospect in highway construction and maintenance under high temperatures and heavy load traffic environments.
... Therefore, these restrictions can be circumvented by creating biodegradable polymer blends with suitable characteristics. Improving adhesion between blended components, lowering interfacial tension, and producing limiting inclusion phase size are the three key issues with polymer melt blending [10]. ...
In this research, four novel types of hyperbranched polyester polymers (HBPs) were used and blended with polypropylene polymer PP, virgin VPP and recycled rPP, using a twin-screw extrusion machine. Hyperbranched polyester was added in different weight ratios (5%, 10%, and 20%). The Fourier transform spectroscopy FTIR, the water contact angle CA, the biodegradation in soil, and the rheological properties (melt flow rate MFR) of the prepared blends were investigated. The results showed that the contact angle of VPP and rPP blends has improved with the addition of HBPs, and in addition, the biodegradation results in soil showed that weight loss increased as the amount of HBPs increased in VPP and rPP blends. The rheological properties, melt flow rate MFR, showed that the addition of HBPs increased the MFR for both PP blends, VPP and rPP. In addition, it was found that the blends' viscosity was decreased and their shear rate was increased. This is an indication that the HBPs work as a processing aid additive by increasing the shear thinning behavior.
