Figure - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Content may be subject to copyright.
Means and standard deviation values of the macronutrients parameter's evolution in raw and treated pig slurry.
Source publication
This study addresses the challenge of mitigating ammonia and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from stored pig slurry using chemical and biological additives. The research employs dynamic chambers to evaluate the effectiveness of these additives. Chemical agents (sulfuric acid) and biological additives (DAB bacteria) containing specific microbial stra...
Citations
... It is critical to use quick and safe encryption techniques to safeguard spoken conversations. Secure speech communications play an important role in military protocols, commerce, politics, e-learning, telephone banking, news broadcast [2], corporate [3], civilian application requirements [4], interactive voice response sys-233 | Shumran & Al-Hussein tems [5], and the Internet of Things (IoT) and Voice over IP (VoIP) [6,7]. This requires developing a reliable, fast, and strong security system to provide data confidentiality and integrity. ...
... It is critical to use quick and safe encryption techniques to safeguard spoken conversations. Secure speech communications play an important role in military protocols, commerce, politics, e-learning, telephone banking, news broadcast [2], corporate [3], civilian application requirements [4], interactive voice response sys-233 | Shumran & Al-Hussein tems [5], and the Internet of Things (IoT) and Voice over IP (VoIP) [6,7]. This requires developing a reliable, fast, and strong security system to provide data confidentiality and integrity. ...
Audio encryption has gained popularity in a variety of fields including education, banking over the phone, military, and private audio conferences. Data encryption algorithms are necessary for processing and sending sensitive information in the context of secure speech conversations. In recent years, the importance of security in any communications system has increased. To transfer data securely, a variety of methods have been used. Chaotic system-based encryption is one of the most significant encryption methods used in the field of security. Chaos-based communication is a promising application of chaos theory and nonlinear dynamics. In this research, a chaotic algorithm for the new chaotic chameleon system was proposed, studied, and implemented. The chameleon chaotic system has been preferred to be employed because it has the property of changing from self-excited (SA) to hidden-attractor (HA) which increases the complexity of the system dynamics and gives strength to the encryption algorithm. A chaotic chameleon system is one in which, depending on the parameter values, the chaotic attractor alternates between being a hidden attractor and a self-excited attractor. This is an important feature, so it is preferable to use it in cryptography compared to other types of chaotic systems. This model was first implemented using a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), which is the first time it has been implemented in practical applications. The chameleon system model was implemented using MATLAB Simulink and the Xilinx System Generator model. Self-excited, hidden, and coexisting attractors are shown in the proposed system. Vivado software was used to validate the designs, and Xilinx ZedBoard Zynq-7000 FPGA was used to implement them. The dynamic behavior of the proposed chaotic system was also studied and analysis methods, including phase portrait, bifurcation diagrams, and Lyapunov exponents. Assessing the quality of the suggested method by doing analyses of many quality measures, including correlation, differential signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), entropy, histogram analysis, and spectral density plot. The numerical analyses and simulation results demonstrate how well the suggested method performs in terms of security against different types of cryptographic assaults.
... Concerning NH 4 +-N, the CP treatment showed higher values than the SP and BP treatments in most weeks and seasons, with a gradual decrease over time for all treatments. These results agree with previous studies that also observed a reduction in NH 4 + -N in pig manure treated with organic matter and bacteria [9]. The SP treatment presented slightly lower NH 4 + -N values than the CP treatment, which may be due to the lower nutrient release from straw. ...
... Concerning K + , the CP treatment presented higher values than the SP and BP treatments in most weeks and seasons, with a gradual increase over time. These findings align with previous studies that reported an increase in K + in pig manure treated with organic matter and bacteria [9]. The SP treatment exhibited slightly lower K + values than the CP treatment, potentially due to the lower nutrient release from straw. ...
... However, during W2, CO 2 and CH 4 emissions decreased in the SP treatment compared to the control. Emissions increased again in W3, potentially due to the homogenization following the addition of microorganisms to the pond [9], resulting in significant differences (p < 0.05) between the BP treatment and both CP and SP treatments. This increase in BP could be attributed to anaerobic decomposition of organic matter by methanogenic microorganisms, which, along with sugar-fermenting bacteria, contribute to the production of these gases. ...
Spain has been the largest pork producer in the EU in recent years, leading to significant pig slurry (PS) production that requires proper management to prevent environmental impacts. The objectives of this study were to quantify greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia emissions and to characterize the PS in storage pond systems. A straw cover pond (SP) and addition of effective microorganisms (EMs) in a biological pond (BP) were used to treat the slurries. During two periods (autumn and spring), PS was characterized and GHG (CO2, CH4, N2O) and NH3 emissions were measured with a dynamic chamber. After 5 weeks of storage, BP achieved a reduction of 96% for CO2, 98% for CH4 and 59% for NH3 compared to the control pond (CP) in spring, while SP presented a 74% reduction for CO2 in autumn, and 60% and 97% reductions for CH4 and NH3, respectively, in spring. Additionally, the PS samples showed a decreasing trend for EC, dry matter, COD, BOD5, total N, NH4+-N, Org.-N, NO3−-N, and PO43− during both seasons. This preliminary study shows promise in reducing GHG/NH3 emissions and improving PS properties, but further replication is recommended. Varying straw cover thickness, optimizing EM dose, and a pH reduction may enhance outcomes.
... This method is advantageous in reducing odor and ammonia volatilization and can improve nutrient availability for crops. The drawbacks include the need for acid inputs and the potential for soil acidification if not managed properly [22,23]. Solid-liquid separation consists in separating the solid and liquid fractions of the slurry, often using mechanical separators. ...
... The correlation between COD and TSSs changes is based on the levels of inorganic and organic solids in the mixture [87]. In pig slurry, there is typically a correlation between TSSs and COD caused by the presence of both organic and inorganic suspended solids, which collectively impact the COD content [9,22]. This study validated this observation, demonstrating that a decrease in suspended solids led to significantly reduced COD concentrations across all three tanks (p < 0.05). ...
This study delves into the innovative application of a novel bacterial and enzyme mixture alone or combined with aeration in mitigating emissions from pig slurry storage and explores their impacts on the methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and ammonia (NH3) emissions from stored pig slurry. A dynamic chamber was used in this research to assess the efficacy of the treatments. Biological additives (HIPO-PURÍN) of specific microbial strains were tested (a mixture ofof Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus amyloliquefacien, and Bacillus thuringiensis) alone and combined with an aeration system (OXI-FUCH). Controlled experiments simulated storage conditions, where emissions of ammonia, methane, and carbon dioxide were measured. By analyzing the results statistically, the treatment with HIPO-PURÍN demonstrated a significant reduction in CH4 emissions by 67% and CO2 emissions by 60% with the use of biological additives, which was increased to 99% and 87%, respectively, when combined with OXI-FUCH aeration, compared to untreated slurry. Ammonia emissions were substantially reduced by 90% with biological additives alone and by 76% when combined with aeration. The study was driven by the need to develop sustainable solutions for livestock waste management, particularly in reducing emissions from pig slurry. It introduces techniques that significantly lower greenhouse gases, aligning with circular economy goals and setting a new standard for sustainable agriculture. Furthermore, there is a need to validate that farmers can independently manage pig slurry using simple and effective treatments techniques with profound environmental benefits, encouraging broader adoption of climate-conscious practices.
... Many biological amendments are commercially available; however, their exact ingredients and/or mode of action are often unknown. Although some studies have shown reduction in emissions upon using such amendments (El bied et al., 2023), Kavanagh et al., (2021) reported no significant NH 3 abatement during slurry storage incubation. ...
This study aimed at assessing the efficacy of manure amendments in abating ammonia (NH 3 ) and methane (CH 4 ) emissions during storage. Two experiments were carried out. Experiment 1 was conducted using 20 L of slurry for 98 days. Treatments were: aluminium sulphate (alum), lactogypsum, zeolite, actiglene, ammonium thiosulphate, biochar, dairy processing waste, Digest-IT and control (without amendment). Experiment 2 was conducted using 660 L of slurry in underground storage tanks for 77 days. Treatments were: sulphuric acid, gypsum, biochar and control (without amendment). NH 3 measurements for experiment 1 and experiment 2 were conducted using the photoacoustic gas monitor and dynamic chamber techniques, respectively. CH 4 was measured using the static chamber technique in both experiments. The effect of amendments on slurry composition was determined at the end of the experiments. Experiment 1 showed a significant reduction in NH 3 emissions in the alum (82%), lactogypsum (46%) and zeolite (32%) treatments relative to the control (100.3% total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN)). CH 4 was reduced significantly in the alum (87%), ammonium thiosulphate (64%) and lactogypsum (67%) relative to the control (291.9 g m ⁻² ). Experiment 2 showed a significant reduction (32%) in NH 3 emissions in the sulphuric acid relative to the control (4.4% TAN). CH 4 was reduced significantly in the sulphuric acid (46%), gypsum (39%) and biochar (15%) treatments relative to the control (291.9 g m ⁻² ). In general, amendments altered slurry composition such as dry matter, volatile solids, carbon and nitrogen contents at the end of storage. Lactogypsum, alum and sulphuric acid were effective in abating both NH 3 and CH 4 emissions and can contribute to improving air quality.
... In particular, ammonia (NH 3 ) emission from pig slurry lead to pollution, order, and imbalance in the ecosystem. To mitigate the environmental impact of pig slurry, various solutions were investigated such as spreading and injection techniques (Tóth et al., 2022), storage treatments (Chen et al., 2024), biologic treatment (El bied et al., 2023), acidification (Park et al., 2018;Lee et al., 2022) and adsorption (Park et al., 2024). Among these approaches, the acidification of pig slurry and the adsorption methods have gained notable attention. ...
... Az két utas ANOVA próbák szignifikancia értékei a további oszlopokban láthatók a,b,c,d A táblázatban az azonos betűvel jelölt értékek között nem volt szignifikáns (p < 0,05) különbség [36]. B. licheniformis baktériumot is tartalmazó biológiai adalékanyag 0,4 kg/m 3 koncentrációban pedig szintén képes volt nagymértékben csökkenteni a sertés-hígtrágyából felszabaduló CO 2 mennyiségét [37]. Az NKIS csoportban, az MKIS csoporthoz, valamint az NKON csoportban az MKON csoporthoz képest mért szignifikánsan kisebb CO 2 -gázkoncentrációk valószínűleg csak a telepítési sűrűségnek volt köszönhető, hiszen a több madár, ugyanakkora légtérben lényegesen nagyobb mértékű gázcserét folytatott és az így a levegőbe kerülő CO 2 mennyiségére az alomkezelés természetesen nem gyakorolt hatást. ...
A szerzők zeolit vivőanyagban lévő Bacillus licheniformis baktériumot tartalmazó alomkezelő készítményt vizsgáltak hízópulyka-állományokban normál (2,5 egyed/m2) és megemelt (3,5 egyed/m2) állománysűrűség mellett 18 héten keresztül. Az alomkezelés, az ammóniakoncentráció csökkentése révén, szignifikánsan javította az istálló levegőjét a kontroll csoportokhoz képest, mind normál, mind pedig megemelt állomány-sűrűség esetén. Emellett a kezelt termek madarai szignifikánsan nagyobb átlagos testtömeggel, viszont csak minimálisan eltérő fajlagos takarmányhasznosítási mutatókkal rendelkeztek a kontroll állatokkal összehasonlítva
Background: Anthropogenic ammonia emissions, primarily derived from agriculture, lead
to air pollution, soil acidification, and surface water eutrophication, all ofwhich adversely
affect human health and ecosystems. Slurry treatment technologies in the form of
additives represent an underutilized means of reducing gaseous emissions. Information
regarding the potential of additives to reduce ammonia in soil surface-applied slurries is
scarce.
