Mean ± 95% confidence interval of body condition (z‐standardised) for 899 male (black) and 565 female (grey) lacertid lizards across log10‐transformed parasitaemia levels of (a) Karyolysus and (b) Schellackia. The asterisk in (a) indicates a significant effect of the interaction between sex and parasitaemia; ‘n.s.’ in (b) stands for the non‐significance of the interaction.

Mean ± 95% confidence interval of body condition (z‐standardised) for 899 male (black) and 565 female (grey) lacertid lizards across log10‐transformed parasitaemia levels of (a) Karyolysus and (b) Schellackia. The asterisk in (a) indicates a significant effect of the interaction between sex and parasitaemia; ‘n.s.’ in (b) stands for the non‐significance of the interaction.

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Female and male hosts may maximise their fitness by evolving different strategies to compensate for the costs of parasite infections. The resulting sexual dimorphism might be apparent in differential relationships between parasite load and body condition, potentially reflecting differences in energy allocation to anti‐parasitic defences. For exampl...