Table 2 - uploaded by Yi-Ching Liu
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
A survey study (N = 223) of participants in the social virtual world, Second Life, examined the relationship between Big Five personality factors, experiences in the virtual world and reports of changes to real life resulting from the virtual world experiences. Hypotheses about direct and indirect effects of personality on real life changes were te...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... = 1; and, Very Likely = 2. The results of ANOVAs showed that each set of behavioral cues, with the exception of Agreeableness, was rated as being significantly most likely to provoke the behav- ioral response corresponding to the expected personality trait (see Table 2 for the means). The description related to Agreeableness (described as Imagine a community where friendliness, interest in other people and helpfulness are highly valued, and where there are strong sanctions against selfishness, rudeness and unfriendliness) was rated as most likely to provoke behaviors related to Conscien- tiousness. ...
Context 2
... fact, emotional Table 3 Bivariate correlations, sample means and standard deviations. Variables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 involvement was the single strongest predictor in the entire model of real life changes. To be sure, emotional involvement and absorp- tion are closely related, but absorption may have a less central role because of its shorter term effects. ...
Similar publications
In the context of widespread availability of digital technology as a means for interacting with others, it is useful to explore the extent to which participation in online environments, such as virtual worlds, reflect a transformation in the experience of self in society. One approach is to consider how self emerges from the context provided by the...
p> El mundo de la educación fue afectado hace varios años por la irrupción de forma intensiva de la tecnología que logró que las modalidades de formación a distancia se desarrollaran activamente desde el año 2000 haciendo crecer los entornos de teleformación o el “e-learning”. Este tipo de enseñanza ha ido introduciéndose en los centros educativos...
Aim/Purpose: This paper provides a general-purpose categorization scheme for assessing the utility of new and emerging three-dimensional interactive digital environments (3D-IDEs), along with specific pedagogic approaches that are known to work. It argues for the use of 3D-IDEs on the basis of their ludic appeal and ability to provide intrinsic mot...
The purpose of this mixed methods study was to enculturate pre-service teachers into Second Life (SL), a three-dimensional immersive virtual world, and to measure their change in attitude towards the potential of SL for education. By completing collaborative assignments in SL, nineteen pre-service general education teachers explored an educational,...
Citations
... Charitable crowdfunding campaigns can help build a virtual community of users during implementation, while also increasing the feedback of positive messages. Specifically, experiences in virtual environments influence offline attitudes, perceptions and behaviors (McLeod et al., 2014). Charitable crowdfunding can build brand communities on social media and provide users with positive online experiences to help build their PR regarding dealing with FoMO. ...
This study builds a research model based on sense-making theory and Dervin's sense-making model of 'gap-bridge-uses' to explore the relationship between users' fear of missing out (FoMO) in relation to charity crowdfunding performance, and collected a set of 230 data of users from the famous charitable crowdfunding campaign on TikTok. The research revealed that FoMO could predict approach behaviour towards charitable crowdfunding. And collective psychological ownership (CPO) mediated the effect of FoMO on approach behaviour towards charitable crowdfunding, and psychological resilience (PR) positively moderated the mediating effect of CPO on approach behaviour. This study not only enriched the research about information interaction and sense-making process between users and charitable crowdfunding, but also extended the research boundary of the relationship between FoMO and approach behaviour towards charitable crowdfunding.
... When individuals are in a place and experience negative affect, they are less willing to develop positive behaviors toward that place (Schwarz, 2012). This can be extrapolated from virtual to real environments: the emotions evoked in a virtual experience can persist beyond the virtual setting and lead users to change their behaviors in offline settings (McLeod et al., 2014). Thus, if users experience negative feelings when they attend cultural events in the metaverse, this negative state can transfer to, and influence, real-world behaviors. ...
The virtualization of cultural events in the metaverse creates opportunities to generate valuable and innovative experiences that replicate and extend in-person events; but the process faces associated challenges. In the absence of relevant empirical studies, the aim of this article is to analyze the positive and negative aspects of the user experience in a cultural event held in the metaverse. A mixed-methods approach is employed to test the proposed hypotheses. The results from three focus groups demonstrated the difficulty that users face in focusing their attention on the main elements of the metaverse, and the inability of this virtual sphere to convey the authenticity of a cultural event. Based on these findings, a metaverse-focused quantitative study was conducted to examine whether perceived gamification mitigate the negative effects of users failing to pay attention in their metaverse experiences. When users increased their attention levels, their ability to imagine the real experience and their perceptions of the authenticity of the cultural event increased, which produced positive behavioral intentions. This is one of the first studies to empirically analyze the tourist experience in the metaverse; managers and policymakers can benefit from the results to hold valuable virtual cultural events.
... When individuals are in a place and experience negative affect, they are less willing to develop positive behaviors toward that place (Schwarz, 2012). This can be extrapolated from virtual to real environments: the emotions evoked in a virtual experience can persist beyond the virtual setting and lead users to change their behaviors in offline settings (McLeod et al., 2014). Thus, if users experience negative feelings when they attend cultural events in the metaverse, this negative state can transfer to, and influence, real-world behaviors. ...
... The second significant predictor of AAS was extraversion (H3). This result is in line with the results obtained by Dunn andGuadagno (2012), McLeod, Liu, andAxline (2014) and Messinger et al. (2008), who found that extroverts create avatars more similar to themselves than introverts do. Researchers from these three teams indicate that extraversion is a desirable trait, therefore both extroverts and introverts create extrovert avatars: the former's are similar to their creators, and the latter's are not. ...
Avatars are virtual representations of virtual world users. Creating a virtual representation can be considered an important element of the self-esteem formation process in modern adolescents. As previous research suggests, the similarity level between an avatar and its creator is related to the latter's self-esteem. However, previous studies were limited by small and unrepresentative samples, which creates difficulties in generalizing the results. Moreover the studies usually did not include adolescents. This study aims to investigate possible predictors of adolescent-avatar similarity (AAS), in particular global self-esteem, which develops in adolescence. In addition to self-esteem, the importance of personality and gender was also examined. 130 high school students played the Characterium computer game, which was designed for this project. The participants also completed measures of global self-esteem and personality and explained why they had created such avatars. In order to test the research hypotheses, hierarchical regression analyses were performed. No relationship was found between adolescents' global self-esteem and AAS; however extraversion and gender were significant predictors of adolescent-avatar similarity. Due to the limited number of studies in adolescents, we discuss our results based on the results of adults. The lack of verification of the first hypothesis may be due to the fact that adolescents use avatars to experiment with their own identity, regardless of their self-esteem. This suggests that they use avatars for a different purpose than adults (who want to boost their self-esteem). We discuss gender and personality results in terms of gender and personalty differences in (adult) players. Additionally we propose a hypothesis of cognitive overload (for adolescent extroverts).
... These avatars could interact with each other and the virtual environment, allowing users to express themselves in unique and creative ways (Fetscherin & Lattemann, 2007;Hemp, 2006). SL offered users the possibility of constructing an alternative identity that could either be a replication of their real-life self, an enhanced version with improvements along specific attributes, or a completely different self (Leonardi, 2020;McLeod & Leshed, 2011;McLeod, Liu, & Axline, 2014). Compared to other virtual worlds, users in SL faced no restrictions regarding the type of self-presentation that could be created, resulting in the situation where avatars could appear in any possible form and surround themselves with any objects of their liking (Leshed & McLeod, 2012). ...
The Metaverse is not a radical departure. It is an incremental evolution. Previous virtual worlds, like Second Life, have laid the groundwork for the development of the Metaverse by providing valuable insights into virtual environments and social interactions. Studies of these earlier platforms contribute to a more nuanced understanding of what the Metaverse is, and what it is not. Based on studies of virtual worlds and by applying inductive processes of reflection and abstraction, we propose a framework that supports the identification of attributes that help differentiate the Metaverse from previous virtual worlds from a user experience perspective. We demonstrate the value of the framework by comparing the Metaverse to Second Life. Our framework and comparative analysis ground the current discussions about the Metaverse deeper in the established discourse on virtual worlds. They also shed light on the potential impact of the Metaverse, the special role of its immersiveness and help us to identify lessons learned that can inform the Metaverse's further development.
... It is for this reason that there needs to be more understanding of the online world and its juxtaposition with the real world (Rauschnabel, Felix, & Hinsch, 2019). More literature is also needed to explore online social identity its emotional impact on users (Bagozzi, Dholakia, & Pearo, 2007;McLeod, Liu, and Axline, 2014). ...
Current research on Football Twitter revolves around fans’ online relationships with their favourite teams, journalists, and footballers. Similarly, current literature considers Football Twitter as a community where people can meet other fans. As the years progress, discourse about football is rapidly shifting to online spaces such as Twitter, moving away from traditional media such as newspapers. Though this is the case, many women have begun to find a home online due to the male hostility they receive for being football fans. Many women saw Twitter as a way of discussing social issues about the football world and making friendships. Through defining their online identities, the women could reflect on their social media presence and what football signified for them when they used Twitter.
... Smartphone Use (McLeod et al., 2014) 1) Over the time I have used a Smartphone, my ways of using it have become more diverse and less limited. ...
The global proliferation of smartphone usage in higher learning institutions is high. Students are still struggling to find the best way to use their smartphones, especially in relation to their academic endeavours. That is to say, the contribution of smartphones to the student's academic performance is still debatable. Little research has embarked on quantitative measurement and specifically on the causal relationship existing between general smartphone use and academic performance whether direct or indirect using formal performance models and/or theory. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the direct and indirect impact of general smartphone-use on the academic performance of undergraduate students in Tanzania. This study used a snowball sampling technique for the distribution of questionnaires to a total of 412 respondents. The combinations of descriptive, confirmatory factor analysis, and path analysis using structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed. The results show that smartphone use by students in higher learning institutions has an indirect impact on their academic performance.
... Smartphone Use (McLeod et al., 2014) 1) Over the time I have used a Smartphone, my ways of using it have become more diverse and less limited. ...
... This research offers a potential intervention tool to address this crisis that is relatively inexpensive and therefore, easily scalable. Prior research has demonstrated the relationship between people's online and offline experiences in which one's experience in the virtual environment affects their offline attitudes, perceptions and behaviors (Guitton, 2012;McLeod, Liu, & Axline, 2014;Wiederhold, Soomro, Riva, & Wiederhold, 2014). For instance, extant research has shown that individuals' experiences with the virtual world can activate personality traits which can lead to real life personality changes (McLeod et al., 2014;Tett & Guterman, 2000). ...
... Prior research has demonstrated the relationship between people's online and offline experiences in which one's experience in the virtual environment affects their offline attitudes, perceptions and behaviors (Guitton, 2012;McLeod, Liu, & Axline, 2014;Wiederhold, Soomro, Riva, & Wiederhold, 2014). For instance, extant research has shown that individuals' experiences with the virtual world can activate personality traits which can lead to real life personality changes (McLeod et al., 2014;Tett & Guterman, 2000). Building on this stream of research, we propose that the imperviousness of their online avatars in the virtual world will translate into the SVW members' psychological resilience towards the COVID-19 in the real world. ...
The 2020 COVID-19 pandemic has not only impacted the physical health of individuals but the fear and anxiety of contracting the disease has also contributed to psychological distress among people. The current research identifies a novel coping strategy to strengthen individuals' psychological resilience against the pandemic. Study 1 (N = 210) and Study 2 (N = 93) showed significant beneficial effect of representing oneself via avatar in social virtual world (SVW) on the psychological resilience towards contracting COVID-19. Study 2 also showed that this effect is explained by the disembodied (i.e., out-of-body) experience one encounters in the SVW by digitally representing oneself via an avatar), which enables SVW users to project themselves onto a character in a parallel world that is immune to the COVID-19 virus, thus alleviating the anxiety of contracting the virus themselves in the real world. Additionally, it ruled out alternate explanations like escapism and enjoyment. The findings extend the Proteus effect (i.e., individuals behaviorally conform with their avatar's visual/physical appearance) to a more innate feature of the avatar–its imperviousness from the human body's limitations. The results have important implications for health policy makers along with making a strong case for marketing computer-simulated games like SVWs as virtual therapy tools.
... They also found that changes made to avatars were in-line with what would be considered an optimized westernized image of the character. McLeod et al. (2014) looked at how an avatar and the personification of one could change someone's own personality outside of the game. They found that when the environment in game involved extensive avatar immersion and involvement that went beyond the game itself-game; that this absorption and identification was the main mediator in how they were affected. ...
Gender in massively multiplayer online role-playing games, MMORPGs, is a common topic of discussion since it affects many aspects of gameplay both negatively and positively. This study looks further into this by taking congruency of avatar gender and assessing its relationship with motivation to play MMORPGs.
