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Roots tourism and diaspora travel are inextricably aligned and embody more than just another avenue for the expansion of tourism. This article, using Vanuatu as the context, argues that roots tourism has far broader implications for diaspora, especially in so far as geopolitical relationships
between colonial powers and their former outposts are co...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... term blackbirding became parlance to describe the coercion and exploitation associated with slavery and endemic in the way islanders were recruited, especially at the outset (see Fig. 1). For old and contemporary ASSIs and their islander kin, May's 1886 portrayal, reminiscent of the trans- atlantic slave trade, is emblematic of the exploitation and mistreatment they believe was rife (Bandler, 1993;D. Richard, personal communication, 2011). This article argues that where ancestors of diaspora have suffered injustice, ...
Citations
... Así, por ejemplo, diversos estudios se han fijado en el simbolismo y significado que tiene, para norteamericanos afrodescendientes, la visita a los países del África occidental donde fueron capturados los esclavos destinados a los Estados Unidos (por ejemplo, Bruner, 1996;Clarke, 2006;Dillette, 2021). Otros estudios han mostrado que la consolidación de la identidad que facilita este tipo de turismo puede convertirse en un insumo para estrategias de carácter geopolítico (Zhu, 2020;Cheer y Reeves, 2013). ...
A partir de la década de 1970, muchos pueblos afectados por la despoblación se convirtieron en destinos turísticos de segunda residencia para sus emigrantes. Es un fenómeno que no ha dejado de crecer, pero inexplicablemente ha generado poca investigación. Y tampoco ha despertado el interés de los programas institucionales que luchan contra el declive demográfico rural. Sin embargo, este turismo (Turismo Doméstico de Diáspora) tiene consecuencias socioeconómicas particulares en los lugares de destino. A partir de dos municipios de la provincia de Teruel (Aragón, España), veremos cómo ha favorecido la recuperación de la actividad primaria y el ecosistema agrario. Esto se explica por dos características distintivas de este tipo de turismo: a) la vinculación identitaria de los turistas con el pueblo; b) se trata de un turismo de segunda residencia autogestionado, autónomo del gran capital turístico-inmobiliario. El método de investigación utilizado ha sido el etnográfico, dirigido a conocer y comprender el comportamiento social mediante técnicas de investigación cualitativas.
... In host nations, the diaspora is frequently a cultural minority, and this aggregation of minority cultures confuses the interchangeable sense of culture. Traveling, of course, aids individuals to reconciling concerns of nationality, place and culture, since several diasporas have a dual sense of devotion to their home and host nation (Cheer and Reeves, 2013;Huang, et al., 2013). People from non-indigenous cultures, on the other hand, often maintain a sense of cultural affiliation, a desire to return to one's homeland, and an urge to return to their ancestral past (Alexander, et al., 2017;Fourie and Santana-Gallega, 2013;Warren, 2019). ...
... This is because, diasporas are more likely to visit places that are connected to their past or present cultural identity. This concept is explained by the fact that, travelling home enables people to reunite with their national culture (Cheer and Reeves, 2013), and again a strong sense of culture makes individuals remain connected to the homeland (Huang et al., 2018). This result substantiated the importance of cultural heritage as a significant predictor of traveling preference which expands the frontiers of the underpinning theory of acculturation. ...
Purpose
The literature has acknowledged the importance of diaspora studies because of the influx of funds into the local economy, including the tourism and hospitality sector. However, little empirical research appears to be known about the subject matter, principally within the developing country perspective. This study aims to respond to research calls by investigating the impact of diasporic cultural heritage, family heritage on travel preference of West African Indian migrant visitors to their homeland.
Design/methodology/approach
This research is guided by the theory of acculturation. A quantitative data were gathered from a sample of 312 diasporas, and the regression analysis was used to analyze the data.
Findings
The study finds that cultural heritage and family heritage have positive and significant impact on travel preference of migrant visitors to their homeland. Further analysis of the independent sample t -test reveals a significant difference between Indian Ghanaians and Ghanaian Indians in their thought of cultural heritage. However, no significant differences were found in the Indian Ghanaian and Ghanaian Indian’s family heritage and travel preference to their homeland.
Research limitations/implications
This study is destination-specific of Indian migrant visitors. The application of the study’s outcome to other diaspora would demand a larger sample size for generalization to be made. The study offers compelling insights on cultural heritage, family heritage and travel preference to marketing a diaspora tourism site.
Originality/value
The study expands the application of the theory of acculturation within the diaspora literature and establishes that integration and separation strategies of the theory explain the positive interests of the migrant visitors’ traveling preference to their homeland.
... Travelling allows individuals to reconcile issues of identity, culture and place (Cheer & Reeves, 2013) as many diasporas have a dual sense of loyalty towards both the home and host countries (W. J. Huang et al., 2013). ...
... Visitors travelling back to countries of origin have unique motivations linked to their identity and desired experiences can range from general leisure to deep personal discoveries (Li et al., 2019;Murdy et al., 2018); with an overall desire to experience an "authentic version" of their ethnic identity (Tie & Seaton, 2013). Diaspora with direct family would want to strengthen these social ties (Chhabra, 2013), enhancing the traveller's sense of belonging to a place and group; offering individuals personal relief and deeper connection to themselves as it settles issues of identity (Cheer & Reeves, 2013). ...
... Travelling allows individuals to reconcile issues of identity, culture and place (Cheer & Reeves, 2013) as many diaspora have a dual sense of loyalty toward both the home and host countries (Huang et al., 2013). While they tend to connect their heritage to host countries (Adams et al., 2015;Park, 2014), their identities are continually redefined and transformed (Li et al., 2019) and different levels of acculturation manifest. ...
... Visitors travelling back to countries of origin have unique motivations linked to their identity and desired experiences can range from general leisure to deep personal discoveries (Li et al., 2019;Murdy et al., 2018); with an overall desire to experience an 'authentic version' of their ethnic identity (Tie & Seaton, 2013). Diaspora with direct family would want to strengthen these social ties (Chhabra, 2013), enhancing the traveller's sense of belonging to a place and group; offering individuals personal relief and deeper connection to themselves as it settles issues of identity (Cheer & Reeves, 2013). ...
While India may attract international tourists with its mystique, different considerations come into play among Indian diaspora as potential travellers. Individuals’ levels of acculturation to their host country will arguably influence the extent to which ethnocultural elements form part of leisure travel motivations and desired experiences. With a long history of forced and free emigration, South Africa is used a case study to test these relationships through quantitative methodology. Results indicate that significant differences occur between three sub-groups. Levels of acculturation can potentially indicate the likelihood of sub-groups to engage with home country culture; give direction in experience design for the different markets; and identify complimentary diasporic tourism products. Recommendations for future research are presented.
... A term often encountered in the diaspora literature is 'roots tourism'. Cohen (2004) used the term when discussing Jewish travel to Israel;Maruyama et al. (2010) applied it when discussing American-Chinese travel to China; as did Cheer and Reeves (2013) regarding South Sea Islander diaspora travel. Perhaps, marketers of Israeli travel should be reminding American Jewish youth that Israel is a place they need to know firsthand if they are to truly understand themselves and where they 'belong' in this world through discovery of their 'roots'. ...
This paper explores an intersection of politics and tourism. The issue explored is the potential tourism effect of what some see as a changing attitude among American Jewish youth towards Israel. The authors have suggested that the current generation of American Jewish youth is losing its sense of attachment to Israel, with a disconnect between their innate liberalism and Israel's conservative politics. If a lessening of attachment is in fact occurring, what is the impact upon youth travel to Israel? This empirical study, built upon a foundation of previous research in the area of diaspora travel, reflects the relationship between attachment and travel variables, with results that should be of concern to the Israeli tourism industry.
Pacific islanders have been mobile since early colonial times especially as mines and plantations required workers. In the late nineteenth century ‘blackbirding’ brought the migration of workers, both men and women, from what are now Vanuatu and Solomon Islands, to work in Queensland sugar cane plantations. Over time migration became more voluntary. Most workers returned home, bringing economic benefits and some social costs, before the end of this migration early in the twentieth century. Migration from Pacific island states subsequently became more diverse and from the 1960s steady international migration from the Polynesian states—notably Tonga and Samoa—became significant, alongside remittances to those states. Tuvalu and Kiribati trained workers for migration, while from the 1970s onwards, Australia considered the possibility of instituting a formal migration scheme.KeywordsMobilityBlackbirdingRemittancesAtoll statesPolicyAustralia
Purpose
The aim of this study is to identify the distinctive features of the diaspora phenomenon through the aggregation and systematization of the business and management literature and propose a framework to apply in the future studies.
Design/methodology/approach
The two-step research was based on a combination of bibliometric analysis and a manual in-depth study of academic articles. Overall, 421 academic papers in management and business journals until 2019 year were analyzed.
Findings
The authors provide a new holistic insight on the role of national diasporas for business outcomes via the analysis and systematization of the extant diaspora research. They revealed four definition approaches and five main clusters in the diaspora literature that have three main directions of research as international marketing with the tourism management focus, the IB research and diaspora entrepreneurship studies. The authors cover these main research streams and their contribution to the development of a topic.
Research limitations/implications
The proposed framework including definition approaches and suggestions on the further research can serve as a foundation for future studies to investigate the diaspora phenomenon. The findings also are of practical value for firms whose attention is paid to the effective management.
Originality/value
To bring more clarity to the existing and future development of diaspora research, this paper improves the structuring of the overall diaspora literature through clarification of the existing definitions of diaspora, provision of the criteria qualifying someone to be identified as a member of a diaspora, as well as an analysis and systematization of existing diaspora research streams and suggestions for future research directions.
