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Maximum Likelihood tree using the GTR+G model of substitution of 3 control region haplotypes (411 bp) resolving three major lineages; Lixus aemulus samples are indicated in blue, Lixus angustatus are indicated in yellow, and Lixus filiformis are indicated in green. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

Maximum Likelihood tree using the GTR+G model of substitution of 3 control region haplotypes (411 bp) resolving three major lineages; Lixus aemulus samples are indicated in blue, Lixus angustatus are indicated in yellow, and Lixus filiformis are indicated in green. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)

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... three different species on a variety of host plants. One clade represents specimens collected on C. odorata (both during the current survey and from the South African laboratory culture), C. laevigata, and H. vitalbae during the native-range exploration. Another clade denotes the outgroup L. filiformis and the final clade represents L. angustatus (Fig. 2). The K2P genetic distances between haplotypes within the 6 populations ranged from 0.001 (L. aemulus on C. odorata (SA biotype), Lixus sp. on C. odorata, C. laevigata, and H. vitalbae) to 0.353 (L. angustatus on Picris sp.) ( Table 6). The overall mean within population was 0.133. Mean distances between populations ranged from 0.001 ...

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