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... The figure is based on RSPO 2014 data for all RSPO member companies from Indonesia (46 companies), Malaysia (25 companies) and Singapore (6 companies). Figure 2. Policy pledges to « zero burning », « no deforestation » and « no planting on peatland » by palm oil growers according to the size of plantation (Class 1:<10 k ha, Class 2: 10-50 k ha, Class 3: 50-100 k ha, Class 4:>100 k ha) from Malaysia (25 grower companies), Indonesia 46 grower companies) and Singapore (6 grower companies) with RSPO-approved membership. ...
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... At the beginning of the 2000s, there was a specific attention on palm oil plantation. The major stages and operations were developed by [5] and it can operate in the palm oil sector. To begin with nursery keeping seeds in good condition is a prime element for long-term thrive plantation and the growing seeds will be planted in pre-nursery in three months. ...
... Around 24 -48 hours required to get those bunches which have been gathered for processing at the mill. There will be delays that will increase the Free Fatty Acid (FFA) in the FFB which gains many disadvantages for the production such as affecting the worth of the product to be not adequate and suitable for consumers [5]. ...
The palm oil sector is just one of the popular sectors in Malaysia that offer one of the highest exports to Malaysia's economy. This study handles the research study of inventory control for Malaysian palm oil plantation. The existing inventory control cannot be running smoothly when the inventory are managed in different user interface systems which is by utilizing manual inventory control like Microsoft Excel and handwriting documents. Data collection was gathered with the targeted respondents, they are core members of the management team who have a great experience as well as understanding of their inventory system. In order to make PSS inventory control much easier as well as organized, an inventory application system is developed utilizing MS Excel Macro. The outcomes of this research study are a computerized supply control system that beneficial, crucial, and also much better substitute for a hand-operated administration system and quick handling.
... Despite the negative impacts, palm oil trade contributes to economic growth in many countries where it is grown but particularly in Southeast Asia (Aubert et al., 2017). Where large plantations are established by agro-industrial companies, they can provide jobs through employment of local communities and improve income. ...
Palm oil is an important commodity contributing to livelihoods of many communities, GDP of governments and the achievement of several sustainable development goals (SDG) including no poverty, zero hunger and decent work and economic growth. However, its cultivation and continuous expansion due to high and increasing demand has led to many negative effects and subsequent calls to make production sustainable. To this end, information is needed to understand the negative and positive impacts on both the environment and human wellbeing to respond appropriately. Sustainability in palm oil trade entails having a global supply chain based on environmentally friendly and socially acceptable production and sourcing. Much has been done in understanding and responding to impacts on the environment but not so much on social impacts partly due to a lack of information. The direct (socio-economic) and indirect (through ecosystem services) impacts of palm oil trade were reviewed using peer-reviewed literature and the environmental Justice Atlas (EJA). Our results show that most of the 57 case studies were conducted in Indonesia and Malaysia where 85% of global production of palm oil occurs. The results show both negative (109) and positive (99) direct impacts on humans. Indirect impacts through ecosystems services were predominantly negative (116) as were the direct negative impacts. The most frequently studied direct negative impacts were conflicts (25%), housing conditions (18%) and land grabbing (16%) while the most frequently studied direct positive impacts were income generation (33%) and employment (19%). Ongoing initiatives to make the palm oil sector sustainable such as the RSPO are focused on the environment but need to pay more attention to (related) social impacts. To make palm oil production sustainable and to meet SDGs such as ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being as well as responsible consumption and production, negative social impacts of palm oil trade need to be addressed.
... ISCC only requires a portion of their criteria to be met for certification -a subset of so-called mandatory criteria. ISCC requires the implementation of practical operational procedures much more than studies or action plans, and it appears more "practical" or pragmatic (Aubert, Chakib, and Laurans 2017 (Kusumaningtyas 2018, Hidayat, Offermans, andGlasbergen 2018). Certified companies are have violated the standards imposed by these certification schemes, and both RSPO and ISPO have failed to conduct proper monitoring and implement sanctions with members that commit violations. ...
... approaches -examples include the projects developed around oil palm in Jambi by SNV which involve ISPO, RSPO, ISCC and an area based approach (Pers comm SNV), and IDHs VSA approach (Pers comm IDH, IDH website). A major issue with combined inaitives is disentangling which activities and outputs have led to which impact (Ingram et al. 2020, Aubert, Chakib, andLaurans 2017) ...
... While approximately 36% to 40% of production is certified (ISPO, ISCC and RSPO), less than half of RSPO is sold at a certified price (Aubert, Chakib, and Laurans 2017) and ISPO certified production is not sold at a premium price. Since the certification premium rarely exceeds 5%, it has little impact on the net income of producers, even when considering improvements in productivity and input reductions. ...
Looking at sustainability certification in oil palm value chains (VC) in Indonesia, this analysis is based on four framing questions: 1) What is the contribution of the VC to economic growth? 2) Is this economic growth inclusive? 3) Is this VC socially sustainable? 4) Is the VC environmentally sustainable? and the specific question: What is or what could be the influence of (new) certification schemes or equivalent means of proof on these questions?
Sustainability certification - hereafter referred to as certification - is not normally included in VC4D analysis by Agrinatura. However it is included here as a separate chapter because of its perceived prevalence and cross cutting nature, covering economics (including governance), social aspects, and the environment (including forestry). Sustainability certification is distinguished in this study from other forms of certification, such as the International Standards Organisation ISO quality standard 1400; HACCP certified food safety certification; seedling quality certification by IOPRI; Plantation Business Registration Certification (Surat Tanda Daftar Usaha Perkebunan Untuk Budidaya, STDB).
The scope of this analysis focuses on a range of actors engaging in sustainability certification schemes – shown in Table 1 – for which two main certification schemes standards dominate in Indonesia: ISPO and RSPO.
... 2.5 cents / kilo) for RSPO certi ed oil, depending on the marketing mode. Aubert et al. (2017b), however, indicated a similar albeit slightly lower premium range for ISCC and for RSPO certi cates, from US$ 20 to $ 40 / ton. Two assessments made by WWF (Preusser 2015;WWF et al. 2012) show that certi cation makes it possible to improve the productivity of a plantation (sometimes by 40 per cent or more) and to some extent to reduce production costs (reduction of con icts, use of inputs, improvement of internal procedures, etc.). ...
... As a multi-pronged sustainability strategy, it should have synergies with other interventions aiming to eliminate predatory and illegal practices, including moratoria and other commitments and tools dedicated to stop deforestation, decrease emissions of greenhouse gases and eliminate slave and child labour. Other instruments worth mentioning are bounded or conditional credit, when farmers receive credits tied to environmentfriendly management (Gross et al. 2016), and landscape (or jurisdictional) approaches where the sustainability of production is managed at the scale of a territory, based on a co-operation between local governments, businesses and NGOs (Aubert et al. 2017b). However, stakeholders should be cautious and aware that measures directed toward improvements along these lines should both interact with and complement high performance standards. ...
KEY MESSAGES • Information alone often fails to motivate change. Manipulation of data has led consumers to doubt scientific results, serving special interests at the expense of public benefit. Information overload implies the need for synthesis to enable better access and impact. • Rationalizations against the need for change include: fatalism, arguing that business is already changing of its own accord, that cheap food is more important than good food, and that the marketplace will adjust for externalities. • These views do not address the long-term systemic consequences of the global corporate model of food systems in a society that derives calories from corn syrup and protein from hamburger resulting in obesity and disease. • Free market, neoliberal policies are incapable of resolving externalities that affect public goods such as ecosystem services. Faith in the infallibility of the market is a shortcoming of mainstream economics. • Path dependency is a key barrier to change in food systems, causing inertia, but may also lock-in positive systemic change. A science of intentional systemic change is arising, grounded in better understanding of human economic behavior as the basis for collective action. • We espouse not one theory but rather a range of actor-relevant theories of change. • Consumer advocacy can bring businesses to assume greater responsibility for the effects of their actions. This theory of change has found expression in the threat of boycotts and reputational risk. • Certification has led to improvement in production practice within market niches but its true success begins when it pressures change in policy and practice throughout supply chains. • Governance of intentional transformation in food systems requires knowledge of political pressure points, and systematic efforts to shape narratives of principal actors, to redirect financial resources and to promote institutional and societal learning and adaptation. • We address the potential of multilateral organizations and agreements, national governments, the financial industry, agribusiness, producers and consumer groups to respond to the need for change. The roles of different actors are interlocking: there is no single point of entry for a theory of change. • The roles of principal actors are drawn along a continuum of change, suggesting specific roles and types of actions to be addressed in evaluation and intervention. Given societal concern, agents for change may persevere within government, agribusiness or civil society organizations; their ability to bring change is dynamic and opportunistic, and driven by strategic alliances. As levers of agrifood system transformation, it is crucial to engage influential governmental actors as change agents. • Actors’ respective ability to adopt the results of TEEBAgriFood studies as a tool to direct change will depend on how well those results are communicated and adopted as narratives by influential actors and as entry points for education and consumer consciousness.
