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Freshwater mollusc diversity has repeatedly been found to peak in lowland stagnant waters, which are highly exposed to human-made degradation and the spread of non-native species. Despite the increasing loss of these habitats, little is known about the main predictors of their mollusc diversity patterns. Therefore, we aimed to determine the environ...
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... Other common gastropod families reported in near-shore surveys of Lake Erie and Lake St. Clair include amnicolids, hydrobiids, physids, lymnaeids, and valvatids (Pawlowski et al., 2019;Stewart et al., 1998). In addition to a lack of survey data for native gastropods, the relationships between habitat variables and gastropod occurrence are still poorly understood (Lorencová and Horsák, 2019). Understanding relationships between habitat variables and species assemblages is important for establishing future conservation priorities. ...
... Understanding relationships between habitat variables and species assemblages is important for establishing future conservation priorities. Previous research showed freshwater gastropod occurrence to be associated with high alkalinity, pH, and calcium concentration (Dunithan et al., 2012;Lorencová and Horsák, 2019;Spyra, 2017). Knowledge of gastropod species' habitat use can benefit future sampling efforts and conservation of native species or can assist with implementing preventative measures against invasive species' spread (Doko et al., 2011;Lopes et al., 2017;Nicholls, 1989;Peterson and Vieglais, 2001;Thapa et al., 2018). ...
... Additionally, the CART for the invasive P. antipodarum classified sites with depths greater than 7.1 m as P. antipodarum detection sites (Fig. 5), which is consistent with the deeper depths P. antipodarum have been found (15-20 m) in lakes Ontario, Erie, and Superior (Grigorovich et al., 2003;Levri et al., 2007;Zaranko et al., 1997). In addition to the environmental variables analyzed in the current study, previous research has shown freshwater gastropod species richness to be associated with high alkalinity, pH, and calcium concentration (Dunithan et al., 2012;Lorencová and Horsák, 2019;Spyra, 2017), which may be valuable environmental factors to consider in future research. ...
Native freshwater gastropods are a highly diverse and imperiled group of mollusks in North America and are influenced by a growing number of problematic invasive species. Consequently, there has been an increased need for understanding aquatic gastropod assemblages throughout North America to implement conservation and management strategies. In the Laurentian Great Lakes, gastropod surveys have been sparse, and most surveys have focused on invasive species. To investigate gastropod assemblages in two large connecting rivers of the Great Lakes, the Detroit and St. Clair rivers, benthic surveys were conducted in 2019 and 2021. Sites in the Detroit River (n = 56) and the St. Clair River (n = 51) were surveyed using petite PONAR grabs from which gastropod shells were identified and quantified to family or a group of two combined families. In both the Detroit and St. Clair rivers, the gastropod family Pleuroceridae (37 % and 56 % total composition, respectively) and combined families Amnicolidae + Hydrobiidae (42 % and 23 % total composition, respectively) contributed the most to overall gastropod composition. Invasive Potamopyrgus antipodarum shells were identified at 4 (7 %) Detroit River sites and 10 (20 %) St. Clair River sites and represent the first documented occurrence in the Detroit River. Although this study was limited to quantifying densities based on shells and cannot assume live-collected snail densities, these results provide a baseline knowledge of the gastropod assemblages and habitat use in these two large river systems which can be used to implement conservation and management strategies.
... A key reason to migrate is to find available of food types used during the life phase, so it is necessary to know food habits based on size (Mane et al. 2018;da Silva et al. 2018;Vance and Rothlisberg 2020). Fourth, there was a strong relationship between habitat and the presence of prey, so it is necessary to know which habitats support the existence of prey with the increasing availability of food in that area (Hasidu et al. 2020;Tavares et al. 2015;Lorencová and Horsák 2019). Fifth, prawn fishery resources are highly economic resources, so through this study, food habits, amount of food, and suitable habitat for prey can be explained, which will later help in optimizing the management of the prawn fishery (Minello 2017;Sentosa et al. 2018;Parra-Flores et al. 2019;Majeed et al. 2022). ...
... This positive correlation suggests that an increase in water turbidity and mud will support the presence of banana prawns in the waters, implying an increase in catch yields. The correlation between turbidity, mud percentage, and food elucidates that banana prawns exhibit a preference for waters with high turbidity and predominantly mud substrates (Silaen and Mulya 2018;Lorencová and Horsák 2019). This occurs not only in banana prawns but also in another prawn species, Penaeus indicus H.Milne Edwards 1837, as Plagányi et al. (2021) reported. ...
... (Figure 3 and Figure 4). This facilitates banana prawns in finding food, namely burrowed mollusks in mud or sand, while avoiding predators (Lorencová and Horsák 2019;Hasidu et al. 2020;Penning et al. 2021). The low correlation value of mud substrate according to Pearson correlation (Huang et al. 2024), is caused by the still low percentage of mud compared to sand (Table 4). ...
Lantang B, Najamuddin, Nelwan AFP, Samawi MF. 2024. Prey conditions, food habits, and their relationship to the catch of Penaeus merguensis De Man, 1888 in the waters of Merauke District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1554-1569. The study of the food habits of commercial crustaceans, namely Penaeus merguensis De Man 1888 in the waters of Merauke District was limited. Hence, research related to this was needed. For this reason, the study aims to analyze the prey fragment, prawn food habits, and their relationship to the catch based on differences in habitat types in the coastal waters of Merauke District. Data measuring oceanographic parameters, gastric contents samples of banana prawn (P. merguensis), mollusk samples, and catches were taken twice monthly in five habitats from March 2022 to March 2023. The results showed that for the fragmentation of prey, namely microalgae, 76.12% was found intact, while mollusks were found 97.46% not intact or dismembered. Mangrove leaves, macrophytes, prawn larvae, and fish larvae were found to be 100% incomplete or dismembered. Microalgae and mollusks were the main food in estuarial habitats and sandy beaches in Lampu Satu. While in mangrove habitats in Yobar, sandy beaches in Payum, and mangrove habitats in Bokem, the main food is mollusks, and complementary foods are microalgae. Mangrove leaves, macrophytes, prawns, and fish larvae were found only as supplementary food in all habitats. This was related to the availability of food that varies in each habitat. The catch increased with the discovery of the food habits of mollusks.
... In addition, molluscs are intermediate hosts of several parasite groups, mainly digeneans (Platyhelminthes: Digenea). Factors such as water body type (Chertoprud and Udalov 1996), substrate characteristics (Spyra 2018), hydrochemistry (Zealand and Jeffries 2009;Lorencová and Horsák 2019), isolation, water exchange (Jurkiewicz-Karnkowska 2008), and vegetation (Brönmark 1985;Wolters et al. 2019) have been shown to determine mollusc species richness, diversity, and abundance. Beavers can have a key influence on all these environmental characteristics, for example they change hydrology and hydrochemistry (Brazier et al. 2020), input new substrate (Gorczyca et al. 2018), alter the vegetation structure (Little et al. 2012). ...
Abstract. The factors infuencing molluscs distribution in a small steppe stream were investigated to assess the impact of beavers on their diversity and abundance. Twenty stations—in unafected streams, beaver ponds at diferent stages of development, and anthropogenic ponds—were sampled in May 2019 and June 2021. In each pond, a nearshore area of 1 m2 was completely surveyed using a dip net. Twenty-one mollusc species were found. Old and drained beaver ponds were characterized by signifcantly higher species richness. The damming of the river, by both humans and beavers, initially resulted in decreased
species diversity, then followed by increased species richness due to increased habitat heterogeneity across the valley. Maximum gamma biodiversity was observed when the river habitats included all types of beaver ponds. When ponds were abandoned, a short-term increase in mollusc biodiversity and abundance was observed. Afterward, channel processes returned the habitats to a lotic state, habitat heterogeneity began to decrease, and mollusc community evenness dropped dramatically. To conserve the mollusc biodiversity of the stream valley, it is necessary for beavers to permanently renew some ponds.
... There is a large body of knowledge about the ecology of freshwater mollusks (Hubendick, 1958;Dillon, 2000). In various studies different key factors were considered -substrate properties (Chertoprud and Udalov, 1996;Spyra, 2018), temperature of environment (Berezkina and Starobogatov, 1988;Dillon, 2000), vegetation (Brönmark, 1988;Wolters et al., 2019), some hydrochemical parameters, including water hardness and calcium content (Carlsson, 2001;Heino and Muotka, 2006), trophic stage (Lassen, 1975;Lorencová and Horsák, 2019). Some of these studies, for example those of the influence of substrate and trophic level on molluck ecology, contain different conclusions about the role of these factors. ...
... Thus, despite many studies, there is still no complete understanding of the effects of different factors on freshwater mollusk populations. Even in the recent works the key abiotic factors were described using very different parameters, so there is no clarity in habitation patterns of mollusks (Zealand and Jeffries, 2009;Hoverman et al., 2011;Spyra, 2018;Lorencová and Horsák, 2019). Besides, on the territory of Russia and neighboring countries there is not enough studies on ecology of mollusks. ...
The structure and dynamic of mollusk communities, as well as environmental factors influencing them, were analysed under conditions of small oxbow lakes in the forest-steppe zone (a case of the Khoper river valley, Penza region). 19 species of mollusks were found in the studied water bodies. The oxbows were characterized by relatively low alpha-diversity (number of species 4 ± 2) with relatively high beta-diversity (Jacquard index 0.26 ± 0.18), which is typical for floodplain ecosystems. Lake communities was dominated by Planorbis planorbis (40 %), Lymnaea stagnalis (15 %), Anisus spirorbis (14 %), Lymnaea saridalensis (9 %), Anisus vortex (8 %). The results of our analysis showed that the group of factors that determined the type of water body (stability, light intencity, water temperature, oxygen concentrations) had the greatest impact on the structure of malacocenoses. The seasonal dynamics of mollusk communities was determined by the number of adjoining water bodies, water temperature, and dissolved oxygen concentrations. The number of adjoining oxbows influenced species diversity the most, as well as the total number and biomass – isolation was more favorable for mollusk communities. The factors influencing the highest number of mollusks species (seven) were the light intencity and the presence of fish. Other significant factors were the stability of lakes (five species of mollusks), the number of oxbows and the transparency of the water (four species). Aquatic vegetation positively correlated with only one species – Anisus vortex. Our data suggest that the presence of fish could influence the abundance of Lymnaea saridalensis. The mollusks themselves, apparently, had a positive effect on the number of leeches in water bodies. The most sensitive to the factors were Lymnaea stagnalis, Lymnaea saridalensis, Aplexa turrita, Anisus spirorbis and Anisus leucostoma, the most tolerant were Bathyomphalus crassus, Anisus vortex, Planorbis planorbis, Planorbarius corneus
... due to the high presence of littoral vegetation have a lower calcium concentration in water than those without vegetation. The observed pattern is, therefore, underlined by two mechanisms: (i) the majority of aquatic molluscs prefer or require macrophyte vegetation(Beran, 1998;Dillon, 2000;Lorencová & Horsák, 2019) and (ii) calcium concentrations in all karstic water are far above the limiting values for mollusc occurrence reported in the literature. ...
Small lakes and ponds in karstic systems have received little attention in terms of mollusc research. Although these systems represent a refuge for lentic biota in most of the Mediterranean, there are virtually no ecological studies from many regions, including Albania. Therefore, we quantitatively studied mollusc assemblages at 58 sampling sites within a compact karstic area of Central Albania and measured a set of potentially important environmental variables. Only nine ubiquitous species, including three non-native mollusc species, were recorded. Gyraulus albus, Radix auricularia and Physa acuta were the most frequent species. Individual sites hosted notably species-poor assemblages, ranging between zero and six species, with more than half of the studied sites being unoccupied. Mollusc presence was predicted mainly by fine substrate, depth of soft sediment and high transparency. Despite the importance of calcium for molluscs, more species were recorded at sites with a low calcium concentration. Regression tree analysis explained 40% of the total variation, defining reed cover and lake surface area as the most important variables for mollusc species richness. Based on mollusc species composition, the sites were clustered into four groups, differing mainly in submerged littoral vegetation cover, depth of soft sediment and reed cover. Our results showed that limited development of littoral vegetation and the area of lakes are the major drivers for mollusc species presence and their distribution in the studied network of unconnected karstic lakes.
... are very important not only for aquatic insects adapted to lentic water conditions, but also for many aquatic species [4,5], and even for species adapted to lotic water conditions. This is because such environments function as areas of refuge during floods, overwintering areas, and as breeding areas [6,7]. ...
Environments such as floodplains and the marshlands of rivers, lakes and ponds, are important habitats for aquatic insects adapted to lentic water conditions. In addition, ponds and paddy fields artificially created for agriculture are also important alternative habitats for lotic water-dependent wildlife. In this study, we focused on aquatic insects in ponds in the Matsumoto Basin, located in the center of Japan. Although this is an urbanized area, aquatic animals adapted to floodplains inhabit it at a relatively high density for Japan. We conducted a multifaceted evaluation of the environments of the 33 ponds in this region and conducted a survey of the aquatic insect fauna inhabiting them. In this study, we conducted quantitative sampling, focusing on two insect orders adapted to large-scale lentic water environments (i.e., Heteroptera and Coleoptera), and observed five species of three families and 16 species of five families from the Matsumoto Basin, respectively. Within these species, eight endangered species were included. Furthermore, we carried out a genetic structure analysis for the giant water bug, Appasus japonicus, inhabiting these ponds in high density, and conducted a comparative evaluation of their genetic diversity between these ponds. A total of 530 specimens of A. japonicus were genetically analyzed for the mitochondrial DNA COI region, and 26 haplotypes were observed. The degree of genetic diversity between the ponds was clearly demonstrated. In addition, we discussed the wintering possibilities for the giant water bugs based on their corresponding surrounding environmental factors, and comprehensively discussed their “source−sink” relationships in this region. Therefore, this is a comprehensive study focused on the relevant environmental factors, diversification of their community structures, their population structures, and their genetic structure at a fine scale.
Anthropogenically forced changes in global freshwater biodiversity demand more efficient monitoring approaches. Consequently, environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis is enabling ecosystem-scale biodiversity assessment, yet the appropriate spatio-temporal resolution of robust biodiversity assessment remains ambiguous. Here, using intensive, spatio-temporal eDNA sampling across space (five rivers in Europe and North America, with an upper range of 20–35 km between samples), time (19 timepoints between 2017 and 2018) and environmental conditions (river flow, pH, conductivity, temperature and rainfall), we characterise the resolution at which information on diversity across the animal kingdom can be gathered from rivers using eDNA. In space, beta diversity was mainly dictated by turnover, on a scale of tens of kilometres, highlighting that diversity measures are not confounded by eDNA from upstream. Fish communities showed nested assemblages along some rivers, coinciding with habitat use. Across time, seasonal life history events, including salmon and eel migration, were detected. Finally, effects of environmental conditions were taxon-specific, reflecting habitat filtering of communities rather than effects on DNA molecules. We conclude that riverine eDNA metabarcoding can measure biodiversity at spatio-temporal scales relevant to species and community ecology, demonstrating its utility in delivering insights into river community ecology during a time of environmental change.
Lantang B, Najamuddin, Nelwan AFP, Samawi MF. 2023. Density distribution of Penaeus merguensis De Man, 1888 based on habitat in the waters of Merauke District, South Papua Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4427-4437. The waters of Merauke District, located in the Arafura Sea area, have relatively hight penaeid resource, but prawn fishing productivity is the lowest of 11th other Indonesian fisheries management areas.. The optimization of the fishery resource utilization remains poor after the moratorium on fishing vessel licensing in 2014, which is only 11%. Hence, a study is needed to determine the resources’ distribution, abundance, and sustainability. This research aims to analyze the density distribution of banana prawn (Penaeus merguensis De Man, 1888) based on the habitat type, each location separated by ~4-5 kilometers within the coastal ecosystem waters of Merauke District. The research was carried out from March to August 2022. Data were collected within each habitat: the catch, prawn fishing equipment, and oceanographic parameters, and then analyses were undertaken using statistical tests. The results showed that the highest density of banana prawn was obtained in shallow waters adjacent to the mangrove habitat at Bokem (32.68 kg/km2) and Yobar (20.27 kg/km2). In waters adjacent to the sandy beach at Payum (17.98 kg/km2), the density was higher than within the estuarine habitat of Maro River (14.60 kg/km2) and adjacent to the sandy beach at Lampu Satu (14.39 kg/km2). This is due to the influx of fresh water in estuarial habitat, sandy beaches in Lampu Satu and Payum, and mangroves in Yobar, resulting in prawn emigration to areas with higher salinity in Bokem mangroves. It is also thought to be associated with increasing turbidity with a similar pattern in salinity and affecting the density of banana prawns.
Species distribution and assemblage structuring are influenced by a combination of species dispersal mode and the dispersal routes used. Habitat connectivity is particularly important for passively dispersing taxa such as freshwater molluscs. In addition, current anthropogenic eutrophication affects the structure of assemblages by reducing native fauna and promoting the spread of generalist species. Here, we examined mollusc assemblages in two systems of small lakes differing in hydrological connectivity. The assemblages of 22 isolated lakes in Albania were mainly controlled by the distance between the lakes with a lower contribution of environmental conditions and lake area. In contrast, assemblages of 52 interconnected lakes in Czechia were driven primarily by environmental conditions. However, as lake trophic status increased, the assemblages in Czechia became more homogeneous in species composition as high trophic status filtered out all species except generalists. These assemblages from 33 eutrophic lakes were strongly determined by environmental variables, whereas the remaining assemblages from 19 low trophic lakes were structured by a combination of spatial and environmental variables. We conclude that hydrological connectivity between lakes is crucial for the distribution of molluscs, but eutrophication may influence the importance of individual mechanisms structuring mollusc assemblages.
Ganga river is one of the important water bodies harbouring different aquatic communities especially sedentary benthic organisms. We determined several macrobenthic molluscan faunas including 24 species comprising of 18 gastropods and 6 bivalves. The maximum species diversity with a value of 2.08 was recorded during monsoon, whereas the species richness was found to be highest (0.809) during winter. To determine the correlation between the physicochemical parameters of water, sediment and macrobenthic organisms, we have employed the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) for middle, lower and estuarine stretches of river Ganga. The water CCA components, CCA1 and CCA2, explained 48.64%, 47.01%, 45.11% (p = 0.568, 0.019 and 0.417) and 18.11%, 26%, 23.9% (p = 0.98, 0.292 and 0.978) between the environmental parameters and macrobenthos correlation, respectively. Similarly, the CCA components for soil showed a percentage of 41.82%, 41.58%, 24.73% in CCA1 (p = 0.156, 0.026 and 0.922) and the CCA2 revealed a percentage value of 24.23%, 25.58%, 23.59% (p = 0.446, 0.174 and 0.488) of the mentioned parameters. The present study explored a dual relationship between the organisms and environmental factors according to their abundance and distribution pattern.
