Figure - available from: Diversity and Distributions
This content is subject to copyright. Terms and conditions apply.
Map of the proportion of threatened and extinct endemic species among assessed endemic species (Index of Threat, IoT) per country and for different taxonomic and life‐form groups (before standardization). The gaps show countries where at least one variable is not complete across the whole set of selected variables
Source publication
Aim
Our current understanding of the causes of global extinction risk is mostly informed by the expert knowledge‐based “threats classification scheme” of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Studies based on this dataset came to different conclusions about the relative importance of threats to species, depending on which taxonomic groups and le...
Similar publications
UPDATED PDF: http://dx.doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2301.02578 --------------------- Claims of mass-extinction periodicity are many and so controversial that superimposing such published Phanerozoic (0-541 My) periods renders life on Earth impossible. This hunt for evidence of life recurrence coincided with geochronology modernization, tying geological t...
A diverse and well-preserved radiolarian assemblage from the Malongulli Formation, New South Wales, Australia, contains 13 species representing 10 genera and six families. One new genus, Wiradjuri , is introduced to accommodate pre-Devonian single-shelled entactiniid taxa, and one new species, Secuicollacta malongulliensis , is recorded together wi...
With a sixth mass extinction looming and freshwater biodiversity declining at unprecedented rates, evaluating ecological efficacy of river restoration efforts is critical in combatting global biodiversity loss. Here, we present a comprehensive study of the functioning for fishes of 46 river restoration projects in the river Rhine, one of the world'...
The Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction (PTME) is the greatest biotic crisis of the Phanerozoic. In terrestrial settings, the PTME appears to have been diachronous and it has been suggested that losses initiated before the marine crisis. We examine organic carbon-isotope (δ¹³Corg) and geochemical proxies for environmental change in a palaeotropical we...
Citations
... It is presumed that more African and other developing nations can also tap into the possibility of networking with other advanced nations to improve in this area of research, more so that this aspect of research is a very significant field for conserving the balance of species diversity in our ecosystem. According to the literature, the biodiversity of various species on a global stage is currently undergoing a very precarious phase due to several various drivers (such as anthropogenic or natural) threatening the survival of species including invertebrates (Ripple et al., 2019;Pouteau et al., 2022). ...
The current paper presents findings on research studies in line with conservation and invertebrates (1990-2022) using bibliometric techniques in R studio software. Results obtained from the study among others include; key authors, nations' citations and publication numbers, affiliations, journal sources, and important keywords that are often used by authors in the field. A total of 417 pieces of research literature were recovered from the Woos archive with an average citation per doc and co-authors per document ratio of 27.54 and 4.59, respectively. Studies on invertebrates and conservation studies were correlated with the number of years (R 2 = 0.8525 y = 0.9856 x-4.1193) which suggests an increase in the number of articles in the future. The USA was in the top position in relation to article numbers (n = 90) and citations (n = 3118), followed by Australia (n = 48; n = 2315) and the UK (n = 24; n = 462), respectively. Articles from the USA (n = 30), Australia (n = 22), and the UK (n = 11) had strong networks with other countries globally. Top topic priorities in the research field with relation to author keywords include; Conservation (n = 70), Coral reefs (n = 52), Biodiversity (n = 27), and Climate change (n = 16), respectively. Financially stable and scientifically advanced countries have been revealed to have higher research publications than developing nations. It was also observed from the result of thematic evolution and literature classifications that, marine protected areas, conservation management, corals, and the Caribbean are vital to scientists and researchers in this study field, thus signifying the direction of future research.
... It is presumed that more African and other developing nations can also tap into the possibility of networking with other advanced nations to improve in this area of research, more so that this aspect of research is a very significant field for conserving the balance of species diversity in our ecosystem. According to the literature, the biodiversity of various species on a global stage is currently undergoing a very precarious phase due to several various drivers (such as anthropogenic or natural) threatening the survival of species including invertebrates (Ripple et al., 2019;Pouteau et al., 2022). ...
The current paper presents findings on research studies in line with conservation and invertebrates (1990-2022) using bibliometric techniques in R studio software. Results obtained from the study among others include; key authors, nations' citations and publication numbers, affiliations, journal sources, and important keywords that are often used by authors in the field. A total of 417 pieces of research literature were recovered from the Woos archive with an average citation per doc and co-authors per document ratio of 27.54 and 4.59, respectively. Studies on invertebrates and conservation studies were correlated with the number of years (R 2 = 0.8525 y = 0.9856 x-4.1193) which suggests an increase in the number of articles in the future. The USA was in the top position in relation to article numbers (n = 90) and citations (n = 3118), followed by Australia (n = 48; n = 2315) and the UK (n = 24; n = 462), respectively. Articles from the USA (n = 30), Australia (n = 22), and the UK (n = 11) had strong networks with other countries globally. Top topic priorities in the research field with relation to author keywords include; Conservation (n = 70), Coral reefs (n = 52), Biodiversity (n = 27), and Climate change (n = 16), respectively. Financially stable and scientifically advanced countries have been revealed to have higher research publications than developing nations. It was also observed from the result of thematic evolution and literature classifications that, marine protected areas, conservation management, corals, and the Caribbean are vital to scientists and researchers in this study field, thus signifying the direction of future research.
... This alteration occurs through changes in environmental factors such as soil properties, nutrient cycling, and fire regimes, as evidenced by studies (e.g., Brooks et al., 2004;Vil a et al., 2011;Kuebbing et al., 2014). Consequently, invasive species are one of the leading causes of the extinction of indigenous plant species (Pimentel et al., 2000;Pouteau et al., 2022). It is therefore imperative to understand the mechanisms that enable these species to invade and alter areas outside their native range (Levin, 2003). ...
... Comprehensive data on different biodiversity parameters are essential for maintaining ecological equilibrium and stability (Rands et al., 2010;Brugiere and Scholte, 2013;. This becomes important when a number of factors endangering species' survival, global biodiversity is going through a critical period (Tilman et al., 2017;Pouteau et al., 2022). It is well known that any human or natural factor that modifies an ecosystem directly or indirectly is considered a driver. ...
Changing climatic scenarios has been recognized as a prominent threat to biodiversity globally. Given the decline in biodiversity, there are more and more local, national, and global awareness campaigns as well as legislative initiatives devoted to biodiversity conservation. The present study aims to increase our knowledge and understanding of the distribution of six medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) in Jammu Kashmir, India under present and future climatic scenarios using an ensemble species distribution modelling approach. Results of the present study revealed changes in the habitat range of the plant species due to changing climatic scenarios leading to the expansion or contraction of their distribution range. A significant decline in the suitable habitats of Arisaema jacquemontii, Lamium album, Phytolacca acinosa and Urtica dioica is predicted. Podophyllum hexandrum and Thymus linearis are predicted to expand their distribution ranges, however, losing their currently suitable habitats. Thus, the present study recommends that these MAPs should be prioritized for conservation and abrupt appraisal of their present population status and updated IUCN categorization should be carried out. Furthermore, to provide more reliable information for conservation decision-making under 3 future climate scenarios, more thorough models that take into account both the biotic and abiotic factors contributing to species persistence should be used.
... Freshwater fish assemblage within the blackwater of AHUSPF remains highly vulnerable to various threats despite their unique adaptation to this specific habitat. Studies have shown a consensus that anthropogenic factors, including overexploitation, habitat change, fragmentation, biological invasions, and climate change, are key factors contributing to species vulnerability (Albert et al., 2021;Pouteau et al., 2022). Deforestation and drainage for agricultural purposes are prominent threats to the peat swamp forest ecosystem (Austin et al., 2019;Miettinen et al., 2016). ...
Ayer Hitam Utara State Park Forest (AHUSPF) is an invaluable sanctuary in Johor, the last remaining intact peat swamp forest reserve that hosts many species unique to this distinctive habitat. Some rapid surveys conducted from 2019 to 2022 recorded 40 species of freshwater fish within AHUSPF. Notably, 11 are stenotopic to acid blackwater, and 12 are stenotopic to acid water, most belonging to the family Osphronemidae and Danionidae. The International Union for Conservation of Nature Red List has designated two species, Encheloclarias curtisoma and Betta persephone, as Endangered, while Betta omega is classified as Critically Endangered. The checklist presented herein was first produced from an inventory study in AHUSPF. The preservation of peat swamp forests in the area is under imminent threat due to the alarming rate of land conversion, forest fires, and the recent potential threat from the red-claw crayfish invasion in the aquatic environment. Hence, continuous monitoring is vital for documenting and updating the conservation status of the fish species. These endeavours will facilitate the development of practical conservation approaches to ensure the long-term sustainability of AHUSPF and its associated species.
... This finding was also reported by Osiele et al. (2022). Pouteau et al. (2022) reported that anthropogenic activities might serve as a major threat to endemic species with perfect completeness. In addition, environmental changes like global warming and high precipitations may also serve as ecological drivers for the spatial distribution of the species. ...
... Endemic species are confined to a specific geographic region, which can vary in size [4,5]. Notably, endemic species are more vulnerable to anthropogenic threats than non-native species because of their limited distribution range [3,6]. Their susceptibility to extinction can be attributed to the following five factors: (1) overexploitation by humans [7], (2) a decrease in population size [8], (3) low reproductive potential [9], (4) habitat damage caused by human activities [10], and (5) threats of extinction by invasive species [11]. ...
The spotted sleeper, Odontobutis interrupta, is a fish species endemic to Korea and shows potential as an aquaculture species. Nevertheless, the population size of this species has declined significantly in recent years. To characterize the population structure and genetic diversity of O. interrupta in Korea, we analyzed four microsatellite loci in twelve populations from four major river systems. The provenance of the population was investigated to discern the origin of the translocated populations. The genetic diversity of the microsatellite ranged from 0.440 to 0.756, showing a high level of diversity similar to that of other freshwater fishes. However, mitochondrial DNA analysis exhibited low genetic diversity (Hd: 0.000–0.674, π: 0.00000–0.00159). The FST values of microsatellites and mitochondrial DNA ranged from 0.096 to 0.498 and −0.046 to 0.951, suggesting genetic admixture among populations. All populations exhibited an effective population size of <100; therefore, preservation efforts to prevent inbreeding depression would be required. The genetic structure could be divided into unique genotypes from the Seomjingang and Geumgang Rivers. However, genetic admixture was observed in all populations, rendering it impossible to distinguish them. Our findings provide fundamental but significant genetic insights pursuant to devising conservation strategies for O. interrupta.
... More than 500 invasive plants in China impact ecosystem functions and socioeconomic development due to their vast geographic range and increasing human activities across regions [13]. The invasive plants of the Compositae family account for the most significant proportion, and the invasion range is the widest, causing a wide range of ecological disasters [14,15]. ...
Invasion of alien plants has become a global problem, and antibiotics, a new pollutant, have received widespread attention. We hypothesized that different concentration levels of Levofloxacin hydrochloride facilitate different physiological, growth and antioxidant system responses in W. trilobata and W. chinensis. The toxicity of Levofloxacin hydrochloride was assessed in W. trilobata and W. chinensis through physiological, chlorophyll, and antioxidant system. Compared with single species, the two plants were more susceptible to the influence of levofloxacin hydrochloride when mixed; in sand culture, levofloxacin hydrochloride affected physiological parameters (leave size, number of leaves, plant height, stem length, and dry weight biomass). The exogenous addition of levofloxacin significantly restricted the root development of plants, especially in the case of hydroponics. Both plants showed prominent oxidative stress characteristics that leaves yellowed and withered, as well as showed on photosynthesis and antioxidant system. SOD presents different trends under different experiment units. CAT activity showed a significant decrease in all treatment groups. No significant difference observed in POD activity between both plants under sand culture conditions, and it increased after Levofloxacin hydrochloride application. Overall,our results revealed that invasive W. trilobata adapted well against Levofloxacin hydrochloride with better growth and antioxidant system, which strengthens the biological invasion process.
... Beyond the tree line (3500 m), alpine scrubs comprising of Juniperus, Rhododendron, Salix, Lonicera and Cotoneaster and herbaceous forms like Aquilegia, Saussurea, Bistorta, Swertia, Bupleurum, Ranunculus, Potentilla, Aconitum, Saxifraga, Gentiana species dominate (Dar and Khuroo 2013). Biodiversity at a global level is undergoing a critical phase owing to various drivers threatening the survival of species (Pouteau et al. 2022). A driver is any natural or anthropogenic factor that directly or indirectly causes an alteration in an ecosystem and may decrease population sizes, increase extinction probabilities and threaten biodiversity (Chase et al. 2020). ...
The present study attempts to comprehensively study the floristic elements of Gulmarg Wildlife Sanctuary (GWLS), Kashmir Himalaya. During the present study 364 species of vascular plants belonging to 227 genera and 74 families were recorded from the sanctuary. A total of 18 communities (10 within forest and 8 within alpine zone) were identified. Forest zone of the sanctuary was represented by shady moist, dry, bouldery, rocky, riverine and exposed habitats; whereas the alpine zone was represented by bouldery, riverine and moist and exposed habitats. Of the total 364 reported plant species, 161 species were native to Himalayan region and the remaining i.e. 203 species were non-natives. Out the total 161 native plant species, 82 were endemic to the Himalayan region. Further, 22 plant species were having threatened status in Jammu and Kashmir. Major threats to biodiversity within the sanctuary include over-exploitation, habitat degradation, overgrazing, invasive species, human settlements, huge tourism influx and pollution. In the present study, based on the 'conservation priority index' (CPI) of the plant species, 51 plant species were assessed to be threatened in GWLS. Further, maximum CPI of dry and shady moist habitats and Aesculus indica-Pinus wallichiana mixed and Taxus wallichiana-Prunus cornuta-Aesculus indica mixed communities reveals that proper management of these prioritized habitats and communities would help in maintaining the natural ecosystems and conservation of species of the sanctuary. Present study recommends that awareness about the values of biodiversity for sustenance through organization of training workshops, awareness camps need to be created among the local inhabitants as well as visitors. Further, no in-depth explorations for community characterization of forest and as well as alpine ecosystems of Kashmir Himalaya have been conducted; present study in the GWLS provides a template, which can be replicated in other protected as well as unprotected areas of the Kashmir Himalaya.
... Endemic wildlife, limited to a specific geographic region, faces substantial extinction risks due to global threats such as climate change, land use changes, invasive species, diseases, and other anthropogenic effects (Adhikari, Baral, Bhandari, Szydlowski, et al., 2022;Baral et al., 2022;Dirnböck et al., 2011;Garcia-R & Di Marco, 2020;Manes et al., 2021;Pouteau et al., 2022). As a result of their adaptation to a particular climatic condition throughout their geographic range, endemic species can often only thrive in a narrow range of environmental conditions (Arajo & Pearson, 2005;Dirnböck et al., 2011;Marshall et al., 2010). ...
Climate change could amplify the extinction risk of endemic species, and the risk is even greater for species occupying high elevations and mountain ranges. In this study, we assessed the climatically suitable habitat of the only endemic Nepalese bird species, the spiny babbler (Turdoides nipalensis), and predicted the extent of the future (2050 and 2070) habitat of this species under two climate change scenarios (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). We used georeferenced occurrence points alongside ecologically meaningful climatic and topographic variables to develop an ensemble suitable habitat model using different species distribution modeling algorithms in BIOMOD2. We identified 22,488.83 km 2 (15%) of Nepal's total land area as suitable habitat for this endemic species, where the nonprotected regions incorporated the largest extent of suitable habitat (88%), with a majority of this suitable area within the central Mid-Hill region. Under the SSP2-4.5 scenario, 21.58% and 34.08% of the current suitable habitat range are projected to be lost by 2050 and 2070, respectively. Whereas under the SSP5-8.5 scenario, our projections suggest that 40.45% and 52.18% of habitat will be lost by 2050 and 2070, respectively. Habitat suitability increased with a rise in warmest quarter precipitation (above 1000 mm), coldest quarter precipitation between 50 and 100 mm, and warmest quarter temperature between 20 and 30 C. Given our results, it is crucial to review the conservation policy of nonprotected areas and formulate a spiny babbler-specific conservation action plan with a special focus on protecting their primary habitat in human-dominated landscapes and nonprotected areas.
