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Map of the dry stone structure density, defined by the ratio between the area covered by the structures and the area of a cell (30 m x 30 m), (A) lines density and (B) heaps density  

Map of the dry stone structure density, defined by the ratio between the area covered by the structures and the area of a cell (30 m x 30 m), (A) lines density and (B) heaps density  

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Fig. 1. Dry stone structures in a studied area, A-Ground level view...
Fig. 2. Location maps, A-African and Sahel area, B-South-west Niger,...
Fig. 7. Map of the dry stone structure density, defined by the ratio...
Fig. 9. Map of density. A-Map of total dry stone structure density Sum...
Stone lines and heaps on southwestern Niger plateaus as remains of ancient agricultural land
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  • Jan 2013
Les plateaux de la rive occidentale du fleuve Niger sont recouverts de lignes et de tas de pierres sèches alors que ces surfaces tabulaires sont aujourd'hui dépourvues de toutes cultures. Le sol du plateau est constitué d'un horizon argilo-sableux visible uniquement dans la zone où ces structures sont présentes. Elles témoigneraient d'un épierrage...
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Context 1
... spatial distribution of stone structures is not homogeneous on the plateau, with a maximum density of Figure 7 shows that heap den- sity and line density are distributed differently. North of the thalweg, linear structures are clearly more abundant in the east (Figure 7-A) because of the presence of many small enclosures. ...
Context 2
... spatial distribution of stone structures is not homogeneous on the plateau, with a maximum density of Figure 7 shows that heap den- sity and line density are distributed differently. North of the thalweg, linear structures are clearly more abundant in the east (Figure 7-A) because of the presence of many small enclosures. In the centre of the plateau lies a 100 m-wide band running SE/NO without any lines. ...
Context 3
... distribution of lines and heaps is not alike (Figure 7- B). North of the thalweg, the greatest density of heaps is located in the west of the plateau, while lines are mainly found in the eastern part of the study area. ...

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Mapping Global Agricultural History: A Map and Gazetteer for Sub-Saharan Africa, c. 1800 AD: Progress in African Archaeobotany
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Recent global historical cropland modelling grossly underestimates the pre-colonial development of agriculture in the Americas and many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. Such models are usually developed by back casting from recent land cover, combined with environmentally deterministic algorithms. Historical geographers have been slow in responding to a new demand for a global synthesis. In this paper, a preliminary map of African agricultural systems dating to AD 1800 is presented. It forms a component of the project Mapping Global Agriculture and is based on the existing historical literature, observations by early travelers, archaeology and archaeobotany. It should be emphasized that the generated map should be considered preliminary.
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Classification et chronologie de bas fourneaux de réduction du fer à usage unique au sud-ouest du Niger
Article
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  • Jun 2016
Au sud-ouest du Niger dans les environs de Niamey, plusieurs milliers de bas fourneaux à usage unique ont été recensés. Une étude archéologique menée sur une trentaine de structures de bas fourneaux et de leurs scories a révélé la présence de quatre procédés de réduction du fer : trois de type scorie piégée et un de type scorie coulée. Les bas fourneaux à scorie piégée se différencient nettement par la morphologie et le volume de leur cuve. Les bas fourneaux à scorie coulée ont tous la particularité d'évacuer la scorie par de petits orifices creusés dans la cuve. L'écoulement de la scorie à l'extérieur de la cuve se fait soit verticalement soit latéralement. Selon les datations radiocarbone, l'activité métallurgique se développe dès le 2e siècle AD et s'intensifie jusqu'au 14e siècle. Au-delà, elle évolue et perdure jusqu'au milieu du 20e siècle. La production de fer par ces bas fourneaux est relativement faible, elle est principalement destinée au marché local.
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