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... Bay is located on the eastern Gulf of southern Thailand (Fig. 1). This semienclosed estuarine bay, measuring approximately 74 km 2 , receives input from two major rivers, the Pattani and the Yaring (Hajisamae et al., 2006;Suwanjarat et al., 2009;Swennen et al., 2001). The water regime of the bay is a complex system which receives significant influences from tidal inputs and the tropical monsoon ...
Citations
... It considered that A. marina was an efficient hyperaccumulator plants. However, according to Meeinkuirt et al. [15], A. marina was a phytoremediator plants for Zn, Cr, and Pb; and Rhizophora mucronata Lam. for Cu and Zn. A. marina showed the immobilized of Zn in root due to the BCF value was higher than 1. Figure 5 showed the TF value of A. marina. The TF showed the all of value did not excess 1, it indicated that the process of phytoremediation was phytostabilization. ...
Heavy metals have non-biodegradable, toxic and accumulative properties in the environment. Heavy metals that enter water bodies will be carried by the flow towards the coast. Zinc (Zn) is one of the metals found polluting the waters in the city of Surabaya, Indonesia. One of the efforts to overcome this problem is the use of mangroves as phytoremediation agents. The purpose of the study was to determine the ability of Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh in the Wonorejo Ecoforest to accumulate Zn by determining the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and the translocation factor (TF). Determination of the sampling points of this study using the transect method. Samples were taken in the form roots, stems, and leaves of mangrove plants and those were analyzed for Zn concentration using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Based on the result, A. marina showed the immobilized of Zn in root due to the BCF value was higher than 1. In conclusion, A. marina have potential to be phytoremediation plants in coastal area.
... The mangrove species such as A. alba and R. mucronata used the exclusion strategy for the heavy metals Mn, Cu, and Zn. The translocation factor values of these mangroves were <1 and bioconcentration factors were >1 (Meeinkuirt et al. 2017). ...
Environmental pollution has become a global issue affecting the natural ecosystems and causes serious health risk to entire living organisms. Among the different pollutions, heavy metal pollution is the most considerable one due to anthropogenic activities, and the toxic metals consequently goes into the components of food chain.Wetlands are unique natural ecosystem with rich biodiversity
and are highly affected adversely due to toxic metal ions. In this scenario,the protection and restoration of this natural ecosystem seems to be very important. The most recommended sustainable and suitable solution of this problem is the phytoremediation technique by selecting mangroves as candidates. Mangroves have fine-tuned mechanisms for heavy metal tolerance and are highly adapted for wetland ecosystems which are generally exposed to multitude of stresses including high salinity and oxygen depletion. They minimize the deleterious effect of heavy metals by modulating their morphological, anatomical, and physiological processes and activating special genes for metal tolerance. They have efficient enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidant systems to scavenge
reactive oxygen species, and they utilize various osmoprotectants and secondary metabolites to reduce the osmotic stress caused due to heavy metals. Mangroves chelate heavy metals with low molecular weight compounds like metallothioneins (MTs) and phytochelatins (PCs) and sequester them effectively to avoid toxicity. Besides these mechanisms, they actively do detoxification of metals by means of exclusion, excretion, and accumulation. Phytostabilization,
phytoextraction, and phytovolatilization are effective strategies of
phytoremediation in mangroves. Mangroves offer promising candidates for gene mining and development of stress-tolerant crop varieties since they are naturally better adapted to harsh environments. However, identification of heavy metal tolerance genes from mangroves and incorporation of those genes to crop plants in a successful manner is an immense task which has to be more focused in future research.
Wonorejo River is one of the rivers that discharge into the East Coast area in Surabaya, Indonesia. This river also contains wastewater from industry and households and can be polluted at the estuary area in Surabaya. Avicennia marina and Avicennia alba are mangrove species that have a high population at the Wonorejo Coastal area. This area was planted with mangroves 10 years ago. The aims of this research were to determine the concentration of Cu and Cr in sediment and the roots of A. marina and A. alba at the Wonorejo Coastal area, to determine the value of Bioconcentration Factor (BFC) of Cu and Cr by A. marina and A. alba and to determine the distribution of Cu and Cr concentration in sediment. Sampling activities were conducted using a Transect quadrat sampling method with a 10x10 m dimension. Sediment and mangrove root samples were extracted before being analysed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Based on Interim sediment quality guidelines (ISQGs), the average concentrations of Cu and Cr at some sampling points were above the standard, i.e Cu reached 94.0 ± 79.2 mg/kg and Cr was 70.8 ± 20.2 mg/kg. A. marina could uptake metals and the accumulations of Cu and Cr were 110 ± 10.4 mg/kg and 83.8 ± 10.6 mg/kg, respectively. However, the highest accumulation by A. alba reached 90.8 ± 24.7 mg/kg for Cu and 55.3 ± 1.1 mg/kg for Cr. Based on the BCF value, A. marina was a hyperaccumulator species for the heavy metals Cu and Cr. However, A. alba showed potential as a hyperaccumulator for Cu and as an accumulator for Cr. In conclusion, both mangroves A. marina and A. alba can be considered for use in Cu and Cr phytoremediation in coastal areas.
