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Several priority actions are required to ensure a healthy environment for all. One of the priority actions is to collect and manage wastes effectively and efficiently. In this theoretical study, we give a global waste management outlook, examined Africa’s waste management outlook and the impact of improper waste management, and focus on the issues...
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... of July 2020, Uganda is divided into four regions -Western, Eastern, Central, and Northern regions respectively with 135 districts. Some of the major cities are dispersed across the four regions, for example, Kampala -capital city, Mukono, Masaka, Entebbe, and Njeru (Central Region); Gulu and Lira (Northern Region); Mbarara, Bwizibwera and Kasese (Western Region); and Jinja and Mbale (Eastern Region) respectively (Figure 1). Uganda's economy is predominantly agriculture which occupies a majority of the population. ...
Context 2
... of July 2020, Uganda is divided into four regions -Western, Eastern, Central, and Northern regions respectively with 135 districts. Some of the major cities are dispersed across the four regions, for example, Kampala -capital city, Mukono, Masaka, Entebbe, and Njeru (Central Region); Gulu and Lira (Northern Region); Mbarara, Bwizibwera and Kasese (Western Region); and Jinja and Mbale (Eastern Region) respectively (Figure 1). Uganda's economy is predominantly agriculture which occupies a majority of the population. ...
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Solid-waste management is a challenge in many cities, especially in low-income countries, including Uganda. Simple and inexpensive strategies such as solid-waste segregation and recycling have the potential to reduce risks associated with indiscriminate waste management. Unfortunately, these strategies have not been studied and adopted in slums in...
Citations
... Toxic substances leached from waste, such as heavy metals and chemical pollutants, can degrade soil quality and contaminate groundwater resources, disrupting the delicate balance of ecosystems. Furthermore, the decomposition of organic waste in landfills produces methane, a powerful greenhouse gas that contributes significantly to global climate change [14]. The consequences of waste are not limited to environmental degradation, but pose a huge threat to public health [15]. ...
... They can be dangerous or non-dangerous [18]. Hazardous waste: waste that has properties that make it hazardous or may be hazardous to human health or the environment [14]. ...
Sustainable waste management is a very important issue that has received increasing attention in recent years due to its significant impact on the environment and human health. As the population and urbanization increase, more and more waste is generated, leading to problems such as pollution, resource depletion, climate change, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective waste management strategies that are sustainable and do not harm the environment. The EU is making progress in sustainable waste management within the wider context of a circular economy, but challenges remain, particularly in reducing material consumption and effectively managing specific waste streams. The EU’s approach involves setting clear targets, monitoring progress in a comprehensive framework, and supporting Member States in achieving these targets. In 2019, Lithuanian companies invested about 40% more in environmental protection than in 2018. Notably, 15% of them are invested in waste management. An inhabitant throws out an average of 278 kilograms of mixed municipal waste per year. According to the global waste index in 2022, Lithuania ranked 16th (up from 23rd place), Latvia 37th (down from 35th place), and Estonia 32nd (down from 30th place). The purpose of this article is to identify the factors that determine sustainable waste management in cities and to predict the changes that will occur. Research methods: synthesis and comparison of concepts and methods in scientific literature, secondary data analysis, statistical data processing, and expert interview methods. Research results: It has been determined which factors and how they determine sustainable waste management in the country. The experts evaluated the alternatives—waste prevention, reuse, recycling, and optimization of landfills—according to the following criteria: economic, social, environmental protection, and technology. The most important criterion was determined to be the environmental protection criterion.
... Uganda's gross domestic product (GDP) per capita was equal to US$858 in 2021, almost half of sub-Saharan African countries' average per capita GDP (The World Bank, 2022). The country suffers poor SWM system (Castellani et al., 2022;Edodi, 2022;Kinobe et al., 2015), which is still far from the national waste management strategy (NEMA, 2022;Okot-Okumu and Nyenje, 2011). On these grounds, importing appropriate and effective SWM methods and initiatives is a priority for sustainable development (Azevedo et al., 2019(Azevedo et al., , 2021Ghanimeh et al., 2019). ...
The introduction of appropriate solid waste management (SWM) strategies can foster the mitigation of waste open dumping and burning in low-income developing cities. In this work, the SWM system in Gulu (Uganda) has been studied, and a material flow analysis, also of informal flows of waste, has been carried out. Moreover, the effectiveness of the SWM system of St. Mary’s Lacor Hospital in Gulu was evaluated. Waste has been characterized and a material flow analysis allowed to highlight the difference with the current situation in the remaining part of Gulu. The sustainable practices already implemented in the hospital compound were studied to be replicated in Gulu to mitigate SWM impact in terms of global warming potential. Inadequate financial resources pose a hurdle for Gulu municipality in managing municipal solid waste (MSW) effectively. The SWM system of the hospital demonstrated both financial and managerial competence, paving the way to promote waste recycling actions acting as a hub for fostering sustainable and health-conscious valourization technologies, while discouraging waste open burning and dumping. This study estimated that the total CO2-eq emissions from open dumping and open burning avoided in 2030–2050, if Gulu would appropriately dispose of MSW by 2030, are equal to about 17,000 metric tonnes per year (t year−1). This work suggests appropriate strategies to mitigate waste open burning in low-middle income countries. The results can be helpful for waste management planners and practitioners providing important information for the use of appropriate technologies in low-middle income developing cities.
... Equipment is damped on outdoor garbage heaps and landfills, thus becoming a danger to human beings and the environment [14]. For developing countries such as Uganda, effective electronic waste management is a topical issue, particularly because a large percentage of e-waste is generated through imports and there is careless and uncontrollable dumping in landfills [15]. Most of the consumers, sellers, producers, importers, and other stakeholders are oblivious of the specific and key roles to play for effective and efficient management of e-waste to make the environment safe and healthy [16]. ...
The worldwide use of information and communications technology (ICT) equipment and other electronic equipment is growing. There is growing amount of equipment that becomes waste after its time in use. This growth is expected to accelerate since equipment lifetime decreases with time and growing consumption. As a result, e-waste is one of the fastest-growing waste streams globally. The United Nations University (UNU) calculates in its second Global E-waste Monitor 44.7 million metric tonnes (Mt) of e-waste were generated globally in 2016. The objective of the study was to develop a framework for improving e-waste management at the College of Engineering, Design, Art, and Technology (CEDAT). This was achieved by breaking it down into specific objectives, and these included the establishment of the policy and procedures being used in e-waste management at CEDAT, the determination of the effectiveness of the e-waste management practices at CEDAT, the establishment of the critical challenges constraining e-waste management at the College, development of a framework for e-waste management. The study population was 80 respondents, from which a sample of 69 respondents was selected using simple and purposive sampling techniques. This research was carried out to investigate the problem of e-waste and come up with a framework to improve e-waste management. The study reviewed the e-waste regulatory framework used at the college and then collected data, which was used to come up with a framework. The study also established that weak policy and regulatory framework, lack of proper infrastructure, improper disposal of e-waste and a general lack of awareness of the e-waste and the magnitude of the problem are the critical challenges of e-waste management. In order to appropriately address the issue, the policy and regulatory framework should be updated, localized, and strengthened. It will be helpful to launch awareness campaigns, create the necessary infrastructure, and conduct significant research to determine the scope and severity of the issues. The study suggests a framework for e-waste improvement
... As of 2020, the United States uses approximately 4532 trillion British thermal units (TBtu), or about 4.9 percent of its total primary energy consumption. Wood and wood-derived biomass accounted for about 2101 TBtu, while biofuels (mostly ethanol) provided 2000 TBtu, and municipal garbage generated 430 TBtu [2]. The United States produced the most biofuels of any country in the world in 2020, with production estimated to reach 1347 petajoules [3]. ...
The exponential growth of agricultural output is a result of the increasing world population. Agro-wastes are now acknowledged as an alternative material for the manufacture of renewable, inexpensive, and sustainable bio-composite-based products. Huge amounts of agricultural produce are often lost owing to a lack of processing facilities or storage space. Agriculture wastes contain a significant concentration of carbohydrates as well as various multifunctional groups and organic substances, such as polymeric proteins. Interestingly, nanotechnology provides better potential to transform agricultural wastes easily into valuable and cost-effective products, removing the need to utilize noxious chemicals, which can create a variety of health and environmental difficulties. Recently, there has been an increase in interest in eco-friendly nanomaterial (NM) production techniques that utilize extracts generated from agricultural waste. Such nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively studied for numerous uses, including antibacterial agents, water purification, the breakdown of industrial colours, and many others. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to investigate the different sources, characteristics, and nano-management of agro-waste; valuable NMs derived from agro-waste; and their possible applications.
... As of 2020, the United States will use approximately 4532 TBtu, or about 4.9 percent of its total primary energy consumption. Wood and wood-derived biomass accounted for about 2101 TBtu, while biofuels (mostly ethanol) provided 2000 TBtu and municipal garbage generated 430 TBtu (Edodi, 2022). The United States produced the most biofuels of any country in the world in 2020, with production estimated to reach 1347 PJ (Dey, Bhattacharjee, Nag, Ghati, & Kuila, 2021). ...
Excessive wastes from the agricultural sector, which are typically discarded, endanger global health and food safety. The production of these biomolecules has been the subject of a great deal of research as of late as a direct result of the potential significance of agro-residues in industries like the chemical industry, agriculture, the food processing industry, and the pharmaceutical industry for the development of novel human products. This article presents a discussion on the numerous categories of agro-waste and the industrial uses for each. Within the scope of this assessment, we also reviewed the most recent advancements made in the field of agro-residue-based applications. Furthermore, this review looks at the future prospects for enhancing and improving bioconversion technology in order to convert agricultural waste into high-value products. The biorefinery industry, which seeks to recycle agricultural waste into valuable products, relies heavily on this manuscript.
... Challenges and opportunities in municipal SWM in Mozambique have been reviewed by Sallwey et al. (2017), showing that managing MSW in an integrated way would allow to achieve various SDGs. Edodi (2022) briefly analyses the African and Ugandan situation highlighting SWM system challenges. No one defined priorities to achieve SDGs, supporting future policies and potential best practices that can be applied in the African continent. ...
... Strong actions are needed in Uganda to face these issues and move towards the targets of SDG 8. As highlighted by Edodi (2022), unemployment, poverty, and socioeconomic needs are the main drivers of recycling in Uganda, and this hinder economic growth and leads to scarce labour conditions. The construction of controlled sanitary landfills can surely reduce the number of waste pickers that works in unsafe environment. ...
Developing countries suffer poor solid waste management (SWM) systems, and setting priorities to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is urgent. The current research aims to assess Ugandan SWM system, and the main circular strategies implemented in the last decade to identify actions that should be prioritised towards a sustainable development. Low collection rates, unsound waste disposal, and poverty-driven recycling are the common issues that threaten the achievement of SDGs in Uganda. Waste collection improvement and construction of controlled sanitary landfills must be prioritised to reduce environmental contamination and avoid the generation of unsafe work for informal workers. End child labour, ensuring access to affordable and clean energy sources, and valorising local entrepreneurship in waste recycling are also fundamental actions to achieve an effective and inclusive SWM system. This review contributes to identify the priorities to start circular actions now, supporting decision makers in implementing policies and innovative solutions to assist the transition towards sustainable SWM systems in Uganda and the Global South.
A large amount of biomass waste is produced globally, and its production and improper management are major environmental issues. Pavement industries consume large amounts of natural resources and adversely impact the environment. Thus, the utilization of waste materials, such as biochar from biomass, has been prioritized as an innovative and sustainable strategy. However, there is currently a paucity of knowledge regarding the utilization and performance of biochar in flexible asphalt pavements. Thus, the purpose of this study was to provide a comprehensive literature review of studies conducted between 2010 and 2022 on the advancement and application of biochar in flexible asphalt pavement production. This review also highlights biochar production materials (feedstocks) and processes. This review further evaluates the viability of biochar as a carbon-neutral material utilized in producing asphalt pavements. Owing to its exceptional and variable physicochemical properties, biochar has demonstrated improved performance for a variety of applications in flexible asphalt pavements. According to the review, for optimum performance, a particle size < 75 µm is recommended as a modifier for asphalt binders and mixtures with a content range of 5–10 wt.% of the binder, while a particle size of 1–5 mm is recommended as a filter layer. In addition, the review concluded that as a carbon-neutral material, biochar has many possibilities that can aid in reducing CO2 emissions. The challenges and future perspectives, underlying study niches, and future research suggestions for biochar application in the flexible asphalt pavement industry are also highlighted. As a result, this review will contribute to the increased sustainability and eco-friendliness of flexible asphalt pavements by encouraging the transition to carbon-negative and emission-reducing pavements. The current review will assist researchers in identifying research gaps that will encourage the high-potential, sustainable, and multifaceted application of biochar in the pavement industry for greater environmental benefits.
