Figure 1 - uploaded by Mark Harrison
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Map of Sabangau research site (bottom) in relation to Central Kalimantan (middle) and Indonesian Borneo (top), with the location of litter-fall trap transects shown in red.
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... this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) we describe our methods for establishing litter-fall traps, and collecting and processing litter-fall data. These have worked well in OuTrop's primary research site in Sabangau (Figure 1), yielding useful insights into the impacts of haze from human-induced forest fires on the ecosystem ( Harrison et al., 2007), supporting analyses of orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) feeding ecology (Harrison, 2009) and contributing to a variety of other previous (Sulistiyanto, 2004;Sulistiyanto et al., 2004) and ongoing research projects. Consequently, the protocols described herein are suggested as a standard for the region, particularly in tropical peat-swamp forest. ...
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Citations
... For a full description of methods in this sub-section, see OuTrop's litter-fall survey guidelines (Harrison, 2013). ...
... OuTrop's own study design for ongoing fruit-feeding butterfly research in Sabangau is no exception to this. Here, we aim to assess spatial differences between areas of differing disturbance, trends within these areas over time, and to relate both of these to variations in forest "quality", as assessed through tree plots (Harrison et al., 2010;Harsanto et al., 2015) and litter-fall surveys (Harrison et al., 2007;Harrison, 2013). Thus, in our Sabangau research: ...
Chinese privet (Ligustrum sinense) is one of the most problematic invasive plants in many parts of the world where it often dominates the shrub layer in riparian forests. We aimed to evaluate the role of privet invasion on litter inputs, rates of litter decomposition and litter-dwelling arthropods in the Southeastern United States. To do this we: (1) evaluated the relative contribution of privet to total litter-fall, (2) compared breakdown of artificial leaves (filter paper) in plots which had or had not been subjected to experimental privet removal, and (3) compared litter breakdown and arthropod communities among the following litter types: (a) native sweetgum, (b) invasive Chinese privet, and (c) a mixed sweetgum–privet litter treatment. Privet accounted for 10% of annual litter-fall at our study sites and leaf fall phenology differed from native species. Filter paper decomposed about twice as quickly in reference compared to removal plots but there were no differences between plot types in litter decomposition. This difference may relate to flooding during the litter bag experiment. In both plot types, privet litter decomposed faster than sweetgum or mixed litter but there were no differences in decay rates between the latter two litter types, suggesting that sweet gum may slow the rate of decomposition in mixed bags. There were no differences among litter or plot types in invertebrate community composition or overall abundances, but detritivores were marginally more abundant in the reference plots. Our findings suggest that flooding may affect the impact of privet invasion on litter decay rates and associated invertebrate communities.
Our limited knowledge of the size of the carbon pool and exchange fluxes in forested lowland tropical peatlands represents a major gap in our understanding of the global carbon cycle. Peat deposits in several regions (e.g. the Congo Basin, much of Amazonia) are only just beginning to be mapped and characterised. Here we consider the extent to which methodological improvements and improved coordination between researchers could help to fill this gap. We review the literature on measurement of the key parameters required to calculate carbon pools and fluxes, including peatland area, peat bulk density, carbon concentration, above-ground carbon stocks, litter inputs to the peat, gaseous carbon exchange, and waterborne carbon fluxes. We identify areas where further research and better coordination are particularly needed in order to reduce the uncertainties in estimates of tropical peatland carbon pools and fluxes, thereby facilitating better-informed management of these exceptionally carbon-rich ecosystems.
