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Remote sensing data for analyzing and evaluating trophic state ecosystem problems seen in Batur Lake isan approach that is suitable for water parameters that cannot be observed terrestrially. As the multitemporal spatial data used in this study were extensive, it was necessary to consider the effectiveness and efficiency of the processing and analy...
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Citations
... Lake Batur in Bali is an active caldera lake that is a closed lake with a surface area of 15.91 km 2 , a water volume of 815.38 million m 3 , an average depth of 50.8 m, and a shoreline length of 21.4 km. Its water comes from rainwater and seepage from the surrounding mountains, with a catchment area of 106.35 km2 [21]. The Lake in water transparency, an increase in total organic matter (TOM), a decrease in dissolved oxygen (DO), and an increase in chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations. ...
... ANNs generate massive information on the trophic status (derived from biophysicochemical parametersnitrogen, phosphorus, chlorophyll, and temperature) and other trophic level index (TLI) of numerous inland water bodies (Xiang et al. 2015). Studies on TLI or trophic status index (TSI) are frequently and extensively reported in East Asian, South Asian, and South American eutrophic lakes (Sheela et al. 2011;Mishra and Garg 2011;Xiang et al. 2015;Esfandi et al. 2018;Zhou et al. 2019;Leiva et al. 2019;Sabrina and Sudaryatno 2021;Hu et al. 2021). A list of advanced ecobioengineering approaches and their effective outcomes are detailed in Table 1. ...
Eutrophication of water bodies and deterioration of water quality are emerging environmental crises. The root causes and consequences of eutrophication are multidirectional. Thus, they provide a huge scope of risk-analysis and risk-assessment in the domain of remediation studies. However, recent restoration studies reveal a global trend of utilizing traditional restoration methods combined with advanced pioneer innovative techniques developed in the field of science and technology. This review introduces a novel approach to consider ecohydrological assessment of eutrophication by classical biomanipulation practices emphasising on their evolution into innovative ‘eco-bioengineering’ methods. The main objective of this study is to critically analyse and recognize the research gaps in classical biomanipulation and appreciate the reproducibility and efficacy of eco-bioengineering methods at micro- and macrolevel aquatic ecosystems. Comprehensive literature review was conducted on offline and online platforms. Our survey revealed (a) continuation of a historical trend in classical biomanipulation practices (61.64%) and (b) an ascending drift in eco-bioengineering research (38.36%) in the last decade (2010–2021). At a global scale, recent biomanipulation research has a skewed distribution in Europe (41.10%), East Asia (32.88%), North America (10.96%), South Africa (4.11%), South America (2.74%), Middle East (1.37%), Oceania (1.37%), and non-specific regions (5.48%). Finally, this review analysis revealed the comprehensiveness of eco-bioengineering methods and their strong ecological resilience to recurrence of eutrophication and fluctuating environmental flows in the future. Therefore, our review reinforces the supremacy of eco-bioengineering methods as cost-effective green technologies providing sustainable solutions to restore the eutrophic waters at a global scale.
... The assessment of Chl-a using geospatial technique is a well-recognized scientific application (Schalles, 2006), generally based on empirical relationships between the sensor reflectance and Chl-a (Ritchie et al., 2003). Numerous studies have been conducted globally and algorithms have been developed for mapping and monitoring of CChl-a and trophic state using various satellite data (Bresciani et al., 2018;Cunha et al., 2013;Gurlin et al., 2011;Sabrina & Sudaryatno, 2021;Shi et al., 2019;Wang et al., 2018;Werther et al., 2021;X. Li et al., 2017;Yang et al., 2010). ...
A new version of Trophic State Index for freshwater Himalayan lake (TSIFHL) has been derived from Landsat 8 OLI to determine the aquatic health of the lake ecosystem. TSIFHL is based on chlorophyll-a concentration (CChl-a) which has been retrieved from Landsat 8 OLI data and laboratory measurements using an empirical approach. Further, in-situ measurements have also been taken with Secchi disk depth (ZSD) in a freshwater Himalayan lake (FHL). The derived CChl-a exhibited lower and upper limit of 25.81 µg/L and 207.96 µg/L respectively. The modelled ZSD values ranged between 0.18 m to 0.66 m with an average depth of 0.50 m. The best-fitted regression model, developed for CChl-a with R2 = 0.89, exhibited model error of 0.77 µg/L for the Standard Error of Estimate (SEE). The Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and Nash–Sutcliffe coefficient (E) values were 5.83 % and 0.98 µg/L respectively. For the ZSD, the best-fitted model showed errors of 0.11 µg/L (SEE), 13.93 % (MAPE), and 0.77 µg/L (E) with R2 = 0.84. The proposed model is useful for bio-optical studies of Himalayan lake ecosystems and could provide potential support for inland water management. Long term strategies like multisector monitoring and control of nutrient load entering the lake can be developed to alleviate problems of eutrophication.
... The assessment of Chl-a using geospatial technique is a well-recognized scientific application (Schalles, 2006), generally based on empirical relationships between the sensor reflectance and Chl-a (Ritchie et al., 2003). Numerous studies have been conducted globally and algorithms have been developed for mapping and monitoring of CChl-a and trophic state using various satellite data (Bresciani et al., 2018;Cunha et al., 2013;Gurlin et al., 2011;Sabrina & Sudaryatno, 2021;Shi et al., 2019;Wang et al., 2018;Werther et al., 2021;X. Li et al., 2017;Yang et al., 2010). ...
It is done a analysis of the current state of the subject related to the study of the space-time variation of ecosystems related to water is carried out. This activity is part of a sectoral project executed by the Department of Geosciences of the Technological University of Havana "José Antonio Echeverría" in collaboration with the National Institute of Hydraulic Resources.
