Figure 1 - uploaded by Marianne Penker
Content may be subject to copyright.
Source publication
Origin labels, more specifically Geographical Indications (GIs), allow organised producers to define quality standards and defend their food products’ reputation while highlighting their geographical origin and value to consumers. Café de Colombia was the first non-European food product registered as Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) under EU...
Context in source publication
Context 1
... case study-based institutional analysis ( Poteete et al. 2010) was employed to gain detailed and context specific knowledge. Accordingly, a combination of tools for data collection (Table 1) was employed during the field work in the Colombian coffee regions, namely in the southern, central and northern parts of the country (Figure 1). ...
Similar publications
This paper explores potential strategies for the audio-visual documentation of a multi-user choreographic digital installation entitled Sensuous Geographies using VR technologies. The installation was interactive, fully immersive and participatory, with the general public initiating the details of the installation’s sonic and visual worlds. At the...
This paper highlights the results of a survival survey and life span study of 10 million web pages, mainly in Japanese, that were collected for NTCIR-3 (web task) in 2001. To calculate web page life span, metadata was collected from Internet Archive's Wayback Machine via Memento. The life span study showed that the average life span of a web page i...
In 2006, a Data Exchange Model for Archiving (MEDONA) was developed by the French Directorate of Archives (Ministry of Culture and Communication) and the Directorate-General for the modernization of the State (Ministry for Economic Affairs, Finance and Industry). The Model is currently being standardized by a working group of the French Association...
Citations
... Supplementary Material provides the detailed analysis of each study reporting key information of the reviewed studies, including the main issues addressed (Supplementary Material). Many studies of our selection are focused on establishing the effectiveness of these tools in ensuring sustainability from an ecological, social, and economic point of view [4,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. The results are contradictory. ...
... Other studies support these findings. In their study of Colombian coffee producers Quiñones-Ruiz et al. [10] argue that certifications are strategies from the Global North that do not take into account all the asymmetries along the international supply chains and might shift, albeit unintentionally, power relations in favor of global corporations. However, they also recognize that in the specific case of Colombia-a developing country with a relevant self-organization of coffee producers and a solid multi-level and multi-actor governance framework-GIs have an important impact on the growers' income. ...
... According to these authors, certifications and origin labels have a more positive impact where the producers are well organized. Self-organization and robust and context-sensitive policies are pre-conditions of the certifications' and labels' effectiveness [10]. ...
Coffee is one of the most highly traded commodities in global markets. However, the coffee sector experiences significant value chain asymmetries and inequalities, both at the local and global levels. While market instruments may address these imbalances, there is an increasing recognition of the need for governance models that ensure fairness throughout the coffee supply chains, from agricultural production to the roasting and consumption of coffee. This article aims to provide a state-of-the-art review and analysis of research studies on governance dynamics within the coffee chain in Colombia. Colombia is a key coffee-producing country at the global level, with relevant coffee chain governance features. The review encompasses articles published from 2008 to 2023, a period that coincides with significant political and economic transformations in Colombia. The analysis and discussion of the findings highlight key issues and insights for further research to identify potential strategies promoting equity and sustainability within Colombian coffee chain governance.
... Research has been conducted with the collective of producers -La Redsince 2012 to understand compliance processes to voluntary standards such as geographical indications (Quiñones-Ruiz et al., 2015) and relational approaches between producers and international buyers and roasters (Quiñones-Ruiz, 2020;. The exchanges and trust built between the lead researcher and La Red staff members were key to select producers compliant with voluntary standards, such as Organic, and achieving at least an 80 SCA score (SCA s.a.) in previous harvests (e.g. ...
... With globalization, the risk of misappropriation of place names is increasing [29], and the infringements of the illegal use of GIs are increasing [30]. GIs are mostly regarded as a kind of public resources [31,32], and hitchhiking is common in the field of GIs. The price premium of products with GIs leads to some opportunistic behaviors, such as mixing Indian fragrant rice GI products with other varieties of rice [33]. ...
Under the background of China’s strategy of becoming a powerful agricultural country, geographical indications (GIs) of agricultural products, as an important intellectual property right to enable Chinese agriculture to develop with high quality, have a strong effect of strengthening and promoting agriculture. However, there are a large number of infringements of GIs among agricultural products in judicial practice, which not only greatly damage the economic and social values of GIs of agricultural products, but also bring huge food safety hazards to consumers and hinder the overall protection of intellectual property rights in China. On this basis, this paper, with the help of a quasi-case research method, integrates the facts of relevant cases, the focus of disputes, the application of law, and other case elements to realize the case similarity judgment based on the legal argumentation model. With the help of the retrieval tool of “Peking University Magic Weapon”, this paper provides statistics on the civil cases of infringement of GIs of agricultural products in China from 1 January 2014 to 31 July 2022 and sets different retrieval conditions for two searches. After two screenings, 245 valid samples were obtained, and the judicial patterns of infringement disputes over GIs of agricultural products in China were systematically sorted out from the distribution of plaintiff and defendant, the distribution of infringement types, the basis of adjudication, and the standard of compensation. It was found that the plaintiff types showed double simplification, the infringement types took edge infringement as the basic form, and the general trademark provisions occupied the main position in legal applications. Then, the main litigation points, such as the dispute over the identification of GIs of agricultural products, the dispute over the use of geographical names, and the dispute over tort liability, are summarized, so as to dig out the characteristics of the implicitness of infringement, the expectation of implementation, and the concreteness of aspects. On this basis, the regulatory path of the infringement of GIs of agricultural products is put forward, such as introducing procuratorial public interest litigation, multi-agents cooperating to implement all-round supervision, and reasonably determining the amount of damages.
... Focusing on GI-defined by The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs) as "indications that identify a good as originating in the territory of a Member, or a region or locality in that territory, where a given quality, reputation or other characteristics of the good is essentially attributable to its geographical origin" (Teuber, 2010)-they have also been considered an important tool increasingly applied by producers from developing countries, who join efforts and work collectively to access value-added markets. In fact, the collective action of producers in these initiatives is considered crucial for them to defend their intellectual property rights, define their specific rules for the use of the origin label and their own quality standards and social boundaries, and, hence, construct their symbolic quality, avoiding the appropriation of geographical names by large companies that are not linked to these areas and that eventually may damage the reputation of the quality of their coffees (Quiñones-Ruiz et al., 2015;Samper & Quiñones-Ruiz, 2017). Nonetheless, not only producers but also the government, donor agencies, private companies, and other value chain actors (e.g., international buyers) may organize themselves (in collective action) and apply for GI . ...
... As a consequence, the effectiveness and distribution of benefits can be directed toward their particular interests. In addition, when international roasters and brand owners are not involved in these initiatives, they may not be disposed to pay more for this seal, nor be concerned and willing to communicate to consumers the origin and quality behind the coffee they are selling (as according to the EU legislation for GI, it is not mandatory to include the GI symbol on the package of third-country GI products) (Quiñones-Ruiz et al., 2015. ...
The coffee industry is one of the most important commercial value chains worldwide. Nonetheless, it is also associated to several social, economic, and environmental concerns that impair its sustainability. The present review is focused on these main sustainability concerns from the field to the coffee cup, as well as on the strategies that are being developed and/or implemented to attain sustainability and circular economy principles in the different chain segments. In this context, distinct approaches have been applied, such as sustainable certifications (e.g., voluntary sustainability standards), corporate sustainability initiatives, direct trade, relationship coffee concepts, geographical indication, legislations, waste management, and byproducts valorization, among others. These strategies are addressed and discussed throughout this review, as well as their recognized advantages and limitations. Overall, there is still a long way to go to attain the much-desired sustainability in the coffee chain, being essential to join the efforts of all actors and entities directly or indirectly involved, namely, producers, retailers, roasters, governments, educational institutions (such as universities and scientific research institutes), and organizations.
... No entanto, a importância para o bom funcionamento das IG com relações horizontais, da construção de regras específicas e do reconhecimento de uma interdependência entre os atores econômicos, se mostra crescente na literatura recente. A conceituação das IG como "recursos comuns" foi então formulada (Quiñones-Ruiz et al., 2015;. Um recurso comum se caracteriza pelo fato de que sua utilização por um ator afeta a capacidade de utilização desse mesmo recurso por outros atores. ...
Se, de um ponto de vista teórico, as Indicações Geográficas (IG) podem ser consideradas como bens clube ou recursos comuns, consideramos que sua concepção pelas partes interessadas como recursos territoriais comuns é um fator-chave para seu sucesso, por meio da coordenação entre os atores e da articulação com as dinâmicas territoriais que isso implica. Com base em estudos de casos na Ásia, África e América Latina, demonstramos, entretanto, a dificuldade de estabelecer um modo de gestão adequado, devido à multiplicidade de objetivos atribuídos às IG, o possível desinteresse das partes interessadas se a valorização da IG for considerada incerta e, ao contrário, possíveis apropriações por parte de um grupo restrito se esta avaliação for comprovada.
... This is paradoxical because aspects of tradition and community know-how are central to exploring arguments for GIs. Previous cross comparative analyses have pointed out the role of institutional networks, the size of GI organizations and the participatory processes that can influence an optimum GI constitution so that it positively impacts rural development (Barbara 2018;Quiñones-Ruiz et al. 2016Quiñones Ruiz et al. 2015). ...
There is a growing research that considers the geographical indications (GIs) of agricultural products and foodstuffs as commons. However, narrative approaches exploring this relationship are scarce. This research analyzed stories attached to twelve Catalan and Swedish products within the European Union’s Protected Designation of Origin (PDO), and Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) schemes to map out how narratives of commons are articulated. The analysis raised four key aspects of the narratives of GIs as commons: i) historical constitution; ii) collective efforts as a driving force behind their value; iii) co-responsibility of the community of producers and related actors; and iv) intangible outputs and focus on heritage. The results show that the narratives of GIs as commons have a stronger presence in Catalonia and more clearly address issues of social engagement and cultural heritage than in Sweden. Internal differences were noted in the two countries and some GIs are more commercially oriented and cater for world markets while others are noncommercial and only regionally consumed. The article contributes to the research on GIs, better connecting their complexities throughout their communicative and narrative constitution and articulation as commons.
... It is often suggested that this is achieved by creating a direct link between the coffee farmer in the Global South and consumers in the Global North (Vicol et al., 2018;MacGregor et al., 2017). Critical assessments of such interventions have, however, shown that their potential for pro-poor empowerment is often mixed (Vicol et al., 2018;Hernandez-Aguilera et al., 2018;Quiñones-Ruiz et al., 2015). ...
This paper examines the newly established mineral markets in Tanzania. These markets aim to ensure tax revenue collection and enhance the transparency of mineral trade within the artisanal and small-scale mining sector. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in the Geita Region, we show that the enhanced transparency facilitated by these new markets has benefitted artisanal and small-scale gold miners. However, the living conditions of the miners and opportunities for profit have not changed significantly and the miners do not expect that a more transparent value chain will improve their lives. Many miners continue to depend on sponsorships from more powerful actors, which narrows their ability to profit from transparent market structures. Based on these findings , we discuss the ambiguity of transparency, as its transformative potentials are both important and limited and we argue that transparency for small-scale producers is not a straightforward path towards their empowerment.
... Therefore, what we propose here is to revisit the idea of landscape labelling proposed by Mann and Plieninger (2017), which considers the differentiation of the entire landscape rather than of the particular product, allowing other local products to be considered under the label. On the one hand, this idea captures the essence and benefits of the GI-that is, embedding the products in their socio-cultural and ecological local contexts, highlighting their added value to consumers and differentiating them from the competition, and promoting the collaboration among producers to define quality standards (Quiñones-Ruiz et al. 2015;Kizos et al. 2017). On the other hand, it has at its core the integrated management of the landscape in which multiple actors and sectors (beyond the value chain) collaborate in a transparent and proactive way to preserve the landscape character and multiple landscape functions and services. ...
Context
Global dynamics affect the sustainability of agricultural landscapes, but these cross-scale connections are understudied. Therefore, we combine food systems and landscape ecology, focusing on food products that provide a linkage between global consumers and landscapes of production (e.g., Douro Valley wine) which we call landscape products.
Objective
The aim of this study is to characterise Mediterranean landscape products based on experts’ perceptions by analysing their qualities, farming practices, and value chains, and to identify their ecological, cultural, and socio-economic outcomes in the landscapes of production.
Methods
Experts with specific knowledge on a landscape product were surveyed by email and their answers analysed using descriptive and ordination statistics. Fifty-four landscape products were characterised.
Results
Based on the experts’ perceptions, landscape products are high quality products, mainly using traditional knowledge and low intensity farming. They support biocultural diversity in the landscapes of production, but their positive socio-economic outcomes remain limited, with problems of inequity and lack of empowerment among producers and a tendency towards intensification or abandonment of the farming practices. We distinguished three types of products based on their localness and how their qualities were shared with consumers. Local products performed better in the ecological and cultural outcomes and products under certification in the economic. Labelling mechanisms and better organisation of producers could enhance these products and their positive outcomes.
Conclusions
Combining landscape ecology and food systems research allowed us better understand the outcomes of landscape products in the landscapes of production and suggest pathways for fostering landscape sustainability.
... Under these conditions, the GI processes have the capacity to support an endogenous approach, as the local community of producers can become primary actors in defining standards. There is a possibility to re-shape relationships along value-chains, in particular international trade, where market players usually impose their requirements on growers [23,24]. In this regard, GI processes actively enhance local governance, which is recognized as a crucial element in sustainability, to the point of being defined as the fourth pillar of sustainability in the FAO framework "Sustainability Assessment for Food and Agriculture Systems" [25]. ...
Geographical Indications (GIs) are widely considered as tools to contribute to sustainability (The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations—FAO, 2009; 2017), if established and well managed. While the literature may not always agree on the positive effects of GIs in all sustainability dimensions (e.g., economic, social, and environmental), there is evidence that engaging GI producers in a sustainability strategy can maximize their contribution to different components of sustainable development. FAO and oriGIn developed the sustainability strategy for GI (SSGI) to support GI producers and their associations so that they could engage in a place-based and participative approach in order to generate concrete progress and results. This paper presents original research for building both a framework and database for the selection and use of relevant sustainability indicators for GIs. A number of SSGI principles have guided the work throughout an iterative process for reviewing, selecting, and improving relevant indicators, while the Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture (SAFA) has provided the structure to align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and other widely used and recognized sustainability frameworks. As a result of this work, a database of 372 robust sustainability indicators that are relevant to GIs have been characterized to facilitate their use by practitioners. The discussion highlights the importance of the place-based approach, and the participative, inclusive process that represents the key to empowerment and the ability to develop alliances. It also focuses on action, and the need to strengthen both internal and external communication.
... The generalisation of the design principles for successful group action in any setting is facilitated by the foundation of biology and political science, which provides a multidisciplinary perspective of the nature of the resource and the behaviour of its users and providers. Examples of applications of Ostrom's analytical framework in collective action situations with non-natural resources relate to carbon emission (Lacroix and Richards, 2015), product origin certification (Quiñones-Ruiz et al., 2015), energy consumption (Melville et al., 2017), and bank financial stability (Salter and Tarko, 2018). Hagedorn (2013) considered the applicability of Ostrom's analytical framework to common property institutions in the overall economy, particularly in relation to hybrid organisations in which people collectively use non-natural resources. ...
Common property institutions in natural resource management are often analysed by means of Ostrom’s framework of design principles. Recently, the design principles have been generalised to study human groups in other collective action scenarios, including farm producers who collectively buy inputs or sell outputs. Several case studies have conceptualised farmer cooperatives as common property institutions to study how various collective action scenarios have been approached. We contribute to the scarce literature with a field study in the Upper West Region of Ghana, using Ostrom’s framework to compare the design principles of active and inactive farmer cooperatives. Using the mean group comparison method, we find numerous significant differences as active farmer cooperatives have clearer boundaries, require more capital investments, have more active board directors and managers, receive more governmental support, and have more locations. However, not all design principles are significantly different for active and inactive cooperatives (e.g. sanctions, legal rights). Considering our results, we perceive opportunities to formalise the conceptualisation of farmer cooperatives as common property institutions with both internal and external design principles. Our results also have policy implications in terms of top-down initiatives to spur collective action by Ghanaian farm producers.
