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Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have grown in popularity as a material for a range of high as well as protection components, increasing the need to better understand the impacts of multiple machining methods. It is primarily composed of ceramic bers embedded in the matrix. Ceramic materials, especially carbon bers and carbon were used to create th...
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... For instance, fiberreinforced ceramic matrix composites (FRCMCs) have been developed to offer superior high-temperature stability compared to traditional superalloys, which are reaching their operational limits in modern aerospace vehicles [50]. Incorporating fibers, such as silicon carbide (SiC) and carbon fibers, into the ceramic matrix enhances toughness and contributes to weight reduction, which is critical for aerospace applications [51][52][53]. Furthermore, the thermal stability of advanced structural ceramics can lead to significant fuel savings in aircraft engines, highlighting their potential economic benefits [54]. ...
... Despite their advantages, CMCs face challenges, particularly in oxidative environments. Research indicates that CMCs can be prone to oxidation and surface recession when exposed to high water vapor content, which limits their applicability in specific high-temperature environments [52]. This means that more research needs to be conducted on protective coatings and other fiber materials that can make CMCs more resistant to oxidation and increase their usefulness [55]. ...
This review examines high-performance advanced composites (HPACs) for lightweight, high-strength, and multi-functional applications. Fiber-reinforced composites, particularly those utilizing carbon, glass, aramid, and nanofibers, are highlighted for their exceptional mechanical, thermal, and environmental properties. These materials enable diverse applications, including in the aerospace, automotive, energy, and defense sectors. In extreme conditions, matrix materials—polymers, metals, and ceramics—and advanced reinforcement materials must be carefully chosen to optimize performance and durability. Significant advancements in manufacturing techniques, such as automated and additive methods, have improved precision, reduced waste, and created highly customized and complex structures. Multifunctional composites integrating structural properties with energy storage and sensing capabilities are emerging as a breakthrough aligned with the trend toward smart material systems. Despite these advances, challenges such as recyclability, scalability, cost, and robust quality assurance remain. Addressing these issues will require the development of sustainable and bio-based composites, alongside efficient recycling solutions, to minimize their environmental impact and ensure long-term technological viability. The development of hybrid composites and nanocomposites to achieve multifunctionality while maintaining structural integrity will also be described.
... They are especially appropriate for parts that need to function well both mechanically and thermally [57]. Dhanasekar et al. [58] stated that ceramic matrix composite materials are employed in a variety of aerospace components, including engines, brake disks, and gas turbines due to their unique qualities such as high tensile strength at high temperatures, exceptional corrosion resistance, high hardness, erosion resistance, low density, and strong elastic modulus. Zivic et al. [59] high temperatures during the production and service of CMC components need matrix-reinforcement combinations that consider temperature resistance, chemical compatibility, and thermal expansion mismatches. ...
Lightweight structures comprise of actual pieces or segments that give the crucial ability to function while weighing less than other possibilities as well. The aerospace industry invented this particular branch of expertise, which is sometimes referred to as lightweight engineering or lightweight construction. This paper focuses on how lightweight structures are developed and applied in the field of structural engineering which is essential to achieving the high standards and breakthroughs of modern science. Comparison is made depending on different types of lightweight materials such as titanium alloys, shape memory alloys, magnesium, aluminum alloys, and wood composites, benefits, and applications of each type of material are discussed. Recent technologies and innovations in the field of lightweight design are performed including deployable and morphing structures, 3D printing, embedded sensors and actuators, and advanced joining technologies. Moreover, research is also being done on these structure types of evolution, uses, and significance, as well as their design techniques and innovations. Truss, tensegrity, pantographic, cable, origami, and sandwich structures are identified by explaining their properties and working mechanisms. The usage of several lightweight structures in the fields of aerospace, robotics, civil engineering, architecture, automotive, and biomedicine is examined in this paper. Additionally, the comparison is made between the application of tensegrity, truss, pantographic, and sandwich structures in aircraft applications in detail, while the importance of shape morphing and deploying of pantographic and origami structures is explained in the field of aerospace and robotics. In addition, different types of bridge structures and architecture are mentioned according to applications of suspension cables, stayed cables truss structures, and tensegrity techniques. Furthermore, the paper covers the improvement of computational and numerical techniques in the analysis and design of lightweight structures including the force method, dynamic relaxation method, and finite element method (FEM), trends in optimization techniques and their applications are included mentioned sequential quadratic programming (SQP) and interior point optimization, with applications on different types of lightweight structures. Also, perspectives and future directions of lightweight design through sustainability and smart construction are taken into account, importance of lightweight design in the form of environment and innovation is clearly supported.
... Depending on the requirements of the application, ceramic fiber-reinforced composites use a variety of matrices, primarily ceramic, metal, or polymer matrices (Dhanasekar et al., 2022;Sharma et al., 2020). Ceramic materials with great heat and chemical resistance, such as alumina or silicon carbide, can be brittle. ...
Conducted a comprehensive review of the 10 latest key composites, focusing on their mechanical and thermal properties. Explored a wide range of composites, including both natural and synthetic composites. Systematically addressed the attributes and applications of each composite. Provided in-depth insights into the unique properties and applications of these materials. Demonstrated the advantages and limitations inherent in each composite.
... In recent years, the performance demands on CMCs have been increased due to the advancements in aerospace and aviation, nuclear powder, and transportation systems. 88 Advantages of CMCs in the above-mentioned applications are their light weight and high temperature capability. For non-oxide CMCs, the aerospace applications include turbines, nozzles, and heat exchangers based on the thermal properties. ...
The development and commercialization of aerospace vehicles have posed significant challenges to the performance requirements for the corresponding materials. To meet these challenges, ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) have been developed and are widely used in the aerospace industry. However, their stability under extreme environmental conditions still needs to be improved. In this review, some properties of zirconium carbide (ZrC), which are related to extreme environmental applications of CMC are discussed first. Then, the effect of ZrC on the properties of CMC is comprehensively reviewed. ZrC can be introduced into the matrix and coated on the surface to increase the ablation resistance. The protection mechanisms of ZrC addition to CMCs, and the improvement in ZrC ablation resistance are explained. In addition, some perspectives on future developments are given.
... CMCs have been implemented in numerous applications, including aircraft brake materials [23], gas turbine engines in aircraft to replace previously used superalloys [24], advancements in propulsion systems and space exploration [25], space and aeronautic applications [26], applications involving extreme conditions such as hypersonic fight [27], nuclear applications [28], and biomedical applications [29]. CMCs, categorized into oxide and non-oxide families, ofer promising advantages for high-temperature propulsion applications such as aeroengines [30]. ...
Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are a category of advanced materials which have gained significant interest recently due to their remarkable mechanical and thermal characteristics. These composites are composed of ceramic fibers, particles, or other types of ceramics incorporated in a ceramic matrix and have shown the capability to be implemented in several sectors, including aerospace, energy, and biomedical engineering. This review paper will provide a synopsis of the current scenario and recent progress in CMCs, including materials and processing techniques, characterization methods, and applications. The paper discusses the advantages and limitations of CMCs, recent advancements, and future trends in research. The microstructural and mechanical properties of CMCs are also reviewed, highlighting their potential for various applications. The paper’s conclusion delivers a summary of the essential findings and a discussion of future directions for CMC research.
... Particularly interesting are host materials with adjustable characteristics that change in response to an external stimulus, such as pH, 5,6 temperature, 7,8 magnetic fields, [9][10][11] electric fields 12 and mechanical stress. 13 In recent times, composite materials have been developed from components such as polymer matrix, 14 ceramic matrix, 15 and metal matrix. 9 The inclusion of nanoparticles into various materials may be customized to achieve specific features, and these materials have demonstrated considerable potential for certain applications. ...
Nanomaterials have demonstrated a wide range of applications and amongst nanomaterials, most of the research has mainly focused on nanoparticles as they can be easily prepared and manipulated. The magnetic properties of certain magnetic nanoparticles have attracted a lot of interest in environmental applications. However, because of their great vulnerability to chemical and physical activity, their magnetic characteristics deteriorate. These nanoparticles are being progressively attempted to be encapsulated by a green organic matrix, which greatly improves usefulness, stability, and affordability, and reduces back toxicity. In this investigation, iron oxide (IO) nanoparticles were prepared by a co-precipitation method and these bear IO particles were stabilized by green synthesized silver nanoparticles to produce IO/Ag nanocomposite particles. The nano size of the prepared particles was confirmed by FE-SEM and TEM analysis. Incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on IO particles was confirmed by UV-Vis, XRD, TGA, and VSM. The improved stability of the magnetic particles was confirmed by DLS and zeta potential. Using the reducing agent NaBH 4 , the catalytic reduction ability of the IO/Ag nanocomposite particles is investigated in relation to the degradation of Congo Red, a model anionic azo dye. When 40 mg mL À1 of IO/Ag particles were used, complete degradation of 20 mL of CR (0.1 mM) dye solution was accomplished in 2 minutes. The particles also demonstrated moderate antibacterial activity against four pathogens and good DPPH free radical scavenging activity, with 94% scavenging recorded at a concentration of 100 mg mL À1 particles.
... P r e p r i n t n o t p e e r r e v i e w e d techniques have improved the characteristics of CMNCs even more [53]. Thanks to these developments, the potential and functionality of structural ceramics have been increased [54]. ...
High melting point materials are essential to many different industries because of their unique qualities, rendering them invaluable for various uses. This paper investigates the unique features of high melting point materials, summarizes current advancements in the field, and outlines the vast range of applications that these materials have in domains like materials science, aerospace, energy, and electronics. The discourse covers various materials, such as carbon-based, ceramics, intermetallic, and refractory metals, emphasizing their potential uses and new roles in contemporary technology. Thanks to developments in material science, new high melting point materials with enhanced mechanical strength, thermal stability, and resistance to harsh environments have been found and synthesized. These materials are used in manufacturing, electronics, aircraft, and energy. They are frequently distinguished by their resistance to temperatures significantly higher than those of ordinary materials. High melting point materials are used in the aerospace sector to manufacture heat-resistant parts that improve spacecraft and jet engines' overall performance and longevity. These materials are also essential to the energy sector's creation of sophisticated thermal management systems for nuclear reactors and high-temperature environments, improving energy generation efficiency and security. The electronic industry benefits from high melting point materials when producing semiconductors and other electronic components since their stability guarantees dependable operation even in harsh circumstances.
Furthermore, high melting point materials are becoming increasingly popular in additive manufacturing procedures, allowing complex structures with exceptional heat resistance to be produced for various uses. Moreover, high melting point alloys and composites have been developed due to advances in metallurgy and nanotechnology, broadening their potential uses in industries including automobile engineering, medical technology, and military technology. The interdisciplinary aspect of high melting point material research and development is shown in this abstract, which also highlights the adaptability of materials and their revolutionary effects on various industries. The continuous investigation of these materials shows promise for future discoveries that will open up new avenues and applications in fields vital to the development of contemporary society.
... These materials have better electromagnetic properties than their individual primary components, allowing them to perform many technical functions. These materials are used in the field of aviation and space because of their lightness [2]. In addition, its robustness makes it a first-choice material for sports and leisure applications [3]. ...
... Recently, great importance has been given to the study of ceramic composite materials [2]. Aluminamatrix ceramic composites are used in a wide variety of fields, including commercial, civil, and military applications [5]. ...
In this paper, two composites ZrB₂/Al₂O₃ and FeSiAl/Al₂O₃ were characterized using the Transmission/Reflection characterization technique. The volume contents of ZrB₂ and FeSiAl inclusions in these composites vary between 0 and 15%. The results obtained indicate that the percentage of the inclusions in the composites effectively improves the dielectric property. The comparison of the effect of ZrB₂ and FeSiAl inclusions on the dielectric properties of these composites confirms that reinforcing these composites with FeSiAl particles results in better dielectric properties. Furthermore, these results indicate that the dielectric property of the two composites studied decreases progressively with increasing frequency in the X band. This frequency dependence of the dielectric property of the composites studied is very important and shows that the composites studied are good candidates for microwave absorption applications in the X-band and for antenna design. Additionally, a comparison between the numerical results obtained in this work and the experimental results published in the literature reveals a close agreement, validating the reliability of the study's findings.
... In essence, CMCs emerge as key materials, employing the unique properties of ceramics to meet the demands of high-performance engineering in critical industries. CMCs lead the way in material innovation, opening doors to progress that redefines what's possible in durability, strength, and resilience for today's engineering challenges [25][26][27][28]. ...
Non-destructive testing (NDT) stands as a crucial practice for ensuring the reliability and structural integrity of various materials and components without causing any harm. The evolution of NDT marks a significant advancement, empowering the evaluation and measurement of vital properties within materials or structures while preserving their innate effectiveness and functionality. The interdisciplinary applications of NDT span across industries like aerospace, manufacturing, construction, and energy, playing a key role in guaranteeing the safety and durability of structures and materials. This section explores the historical use of conventional NDT methods for flaw identification, emphasizing the substantial advancements in accuracy and efficiency driven by ongoing technological progress. It systematically investigates the principles, limitations, and applications of these traditional NDT methods, with a specific focus on their effectiveness in detecting 2D faults, cracks, and defects. Furthermore, the section provides a comprehensive overview of current studies and developments in the field, providing insights into the current state of defect and fracture detection. By emphasizing the synergies between innovative approaches and traditional methods, the discussion seeks to contribute to a broader understanding of NDT in composite materials. The exploration of the integration of conventional and advanced methodologies offers valuable perspectives on the transformative potential of emerging technologies in defect identification, adding to the ongoing discourse on the dynamic landscape of NDT.
... В зависимости от метода и условий производства, а также от способа обработки материала, композит будет иметь различные свойства. [77]. [77]. ...
... [77]. [77]. ...
THE PURPOSE. Cellular ceramic materials and composites have found application in many industries: energy, chemical industry, construction, aerospace. Due to their high thermomechanical properties, resistance to high temperatures and low density, cellular ceramic materials are widely used as heat exchangers for heat recovery from exhaust gases of gas turbine engines, combined-cycle plants, industrial furnaces, etc. The purpose of this work is to review modern cellular ceramic materials and composites used in heat engineering and having different structure, properties and chemical composition.
METHODS. We have carried out a broad review of the literature on ceramic cellular materials and composites. We studied both domestic and foreign literature.
RESULTS. The analysis of cellular ceramic materials with a regular (lattices) and random (foam) structure has been carried out. The main factors influencing the properties of ceramic foams and lattices are analyzed. Also, the main methods for the production of ceramic materials were studied, their advantages and disadvantages were revealed. A review of modern composite materials based on a ceramic matrix reinforced with carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplates, and carbon fibers has been carried out.
CONCLUSION. The properties of ceramic cellular materials, as well as their areas of application, depend on the production methods and the structure of the material. Open-cell foams are used as filters, heat exchangers, while closed-cell foams are used as thermal insulation. Applications for ceramic lattices are limited by the precision, resolution, and size of 3D printing. Thus, the improvement of additive manufacturing technologies will improve the characteristics of ceramic gratings and expand their areas of application.
