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... was applied to the strips that were then neatly arranged next to and on top of one another to create the final product. Figure 8 clearly depicts the cutting, planing, and lamination steps. Based on the approach by Sulastiningsih and Nurwati (2009), strips were left to air-dry at room temperature for one week after they were cut. ...
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Reinforcing thermoplastic polymers with natural fibres tends to improve tensile and flexural strength but adversely affect elongation and impact strength. This limits the application of such composites where toughness is a major criterion. In the present work, bamboo fibre reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites were prepared with bamboo fibre con...
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Citations
... Bamboo plywood is generally composed of grooved bamboo sheets of equal thickness. Bamboo rolls were coated with 300-350g/ of water-soluble phenolic glue (double-sided) with a carbon content of approximately 68.85% using a four-roll glue-coating machine [22,23]. Wood plywood for indoor use is generally made of urea-formaldehyde resin [24], with the sizing amount generally controlled within 380-460g/ , which is slightly larger than that of bamboo curtains and mats [25,26]. ...
Bamboo and fast-growing wood are sustainable, low-carbon materials that function as forest carbon sinks and can be processed into products that sequester carbon dioxide. Compared with other petrochemical materials, they showed the advantage of low-carbon sustainable development. However, the carbon content of bamboo- and wood-based panels (BWBP) is yet to be systematically quantified. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the carbon content and stock per unit volume of typical BWBP and systematically analyzed the influencing factors. In total 43 typical BWBP were collected from the market, their carbon content was determined using the dry burning method, and the carbon stock per unit volume was calculated. The thermal stability and elemental composition were analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results indicated that the material used, basic compositional units, and auxiliary materials were important factors affecting the carbon content, with a higher content observed in bamboo-based boards. The highest carbon contents of 53.81% and 50.22% were observed in the hot-pressed deep and shallow carbonized reconstituted bamboo boards, respectively. For the constituent units, a smaller size indicated greater carbon loss and lower carbon content; the highest carbon content of 48.20% was observed in laminated wood, and the lowest in fiberboard (44.08%). Carbon storage is closely related to the density, carbon content, and water content. The carbon storage capacity of the bamboo-based board was generally higher than that of the wood-based board, with the highest (563.72 kg/) observed in recombined bamboo and the lowest (181.93 kg/) in laminated wood.
... Representing much of the culm wall thickness tangential strips may also be considered as a functionally graded material with a distinctive fiber-rich and a fiber-poor side. The layering of the composite (outer to outer, outer to inner, and inner to inner) can affect the properties and performance of engineered bamboo composites (Mirmehdi et al. 2016;Ni et al. 2016;Zheng et al. 2020). The orientation of strips in the cross-section of these products can be flatwise, edgewise, or a mixture (Mirmehdi et al. 2016;Penellum et al. 2018). ...
... The layering of the composite (outer to outer, outer to inner, and inner to inner) can affect the properties and performance of engineered bamboo composites (Mirmehdi et al. 2016;Ni et al. 2016;Zheng et al. 2020). The orientation of strips in the cross-section of these products can be flatwise, edgewise, or a mixture (Mirmehdi et al. 2016;Penellum et al. 2018). However, flat tangential strips have a low utilization rate of 25-40 % and research has developed arc-shaped strips that only remove a thin layer of inner and outer cortex and retain the angled edges of splits (Zhou et al. 2016). ...
... La mouillabilité du bambou a une influence significative sur l'adhérence et d'autres propriétés connexes. En termes de théorie de l'adhésion, la formation de la liaison implique le mouillage, l'adsorption et l'interdiffusion de la résine par rapport au substrat collé [26], [29], [30]. [2], [34]. ...
... Ces parois sont formées de microfibrilles cristallines (MFC) à base de cellulose reliées par la lignine et l'hémicellulose amorphe. Ces parois cellulaires diffèrent par leur composition (rapport entre la cellulose et la lignine/ hémicellulose) et par l'orientation des microfibrilles de cellulose[30].I.10 Constituants chimiques de la fibre de bambou I.10.1 La cellulose La cellulose est un polymère naturel dont les molécules, formées de longues chaînes, sont constituées de D-anhydroglucopyranoses (l'anhydro-glucose ) liés par des liaisons -(1,4)glycosidiques en position C1 et C4 (Figure I-23).Chaque unité de répétition comporte trois groupes hydroxyles. Ces groupes hydroxyles et leur capacité à réaliser des liaisons hydrogène jouent un rôle majeur pour la cristallinité[19, 20, 23 , 26]. ...
Ce travail avait pour objectifs : 1) la modélisation expérimentale, par rapport au temps de cure, de l’évolution des propriétés thermohygroscopiques et physicomécaniques des Blocs de Terre Compressée (BTC), stabilisés aux fibres de bambou, 2) la modélisation numérique du comportement thermique de ces BTC, par rapport aux variations thermiques de saisons sèches et des pluies. Pour la première partie, on a utilisé deux types d’échantillons : terre-fibres (A) et terre-ciment-fibres (B). Les teneurs en ciment et fibres dans les mélanges sont respectivement de 8% et 0,75%, avec une contrainte de compactage de 15 MPa. Les temps de cure ont été de 21, 28 et 35 jours pour les éprouvettes destinées aux essais thermiques, et 21, 42, 63, et 84 jours pour les essais physicomécaniques et hygroscopiques. Les essais effectués sont : la masse volumique, la porosité, la compression, la flexion, la conductivité, la diffusivité, l’effusivité thermiques, la chaleur spécifique, l’absorption d’eau, et le gonflement. On a abouti à l’obtention de deux équations, l’une du type y = ax2 + bx + c, pour la modélisation des propriétés physiques, mécaniques et hygroscopiques, et l’autre du type y = ax + b pour les propriétés thermiques. Ainsi, chaque propriété étudiée (y) varie en fonction du temps de cure (x) ; on peut donc obtenir, pour une période de cure (x) donnée, la valeur (y) de la propriété étudiée ; ceci pourrait permettre de choisir le temps de cure correspondant à la valeur optimale souhaitée d’une propriété donnée, en fonction de l’utilisation future du bloc de terre. Pour la deuxième partie de la modélisation, on a utilisé un BTC renforcé aux fibres de bambou et curé de manière standard à 21 jours, et le logiciel DesignBuildder, qui a simulé les changements de climat au cours d’une année, en utilisant les données météorologiques réelles de la ville de Douala au Cameroun. On a ainsi pu observer que le BTC s’adaptait aux changements de saisons, l’habitacle devenait frais en saisons sèches et se réchauffait un peu plus en saisons des pluies.
... 4 In addition, in Africa, there are five varieties of bamboo, including two in Cameroon. 5 It has always been used as tool in construction or architecture, and has started to be used as reinforcement in materials composite. 6 As well as being an ecological material, it has interesting mechanical properties which are directly linked to its structure. ...
... It is also widely used for building applications, such as floor and ceiling coverings, window and door walls, fences or even the roofs of dwellings (trusses, rafters and purlins). 5,9,10,[13][14][15] Studies on bamboo Dendrocalamus farinosus fibers along the stem, namely three longitudinal zones and three radial zones show that the properties of bamboo vary slightly according to the age and that the Young modulus has an influence depending on the extraction area along the stem. 16 Flexural creep behavior of bamboo Bambusa stenostachya fiber or even of composites based on its fibers has been explored and it appears that bamboo resists better than wood. ...
In this study on characterization of bambusa vulgaris fibers from Cameroon (BV), we evaluated the linear density as well as the moisture uptake. With the help of SEM, the cross-sections were observed to be circular shapes; they increase from outside to inside in any transverse position along the stem. Also, the degradation temperature of BV was investigated with the aid of TGA and the result showed that the degradation temperature of BV fibers is between 366 °C and 380 °C. In addition, their Young's moduli in dynamic tensile test was determined and it was noticed that the Young moduli increase from inside to outside. The bending tests of BV fibers were carried out and enable the various parameters in zone 3/3. Finally, the creep behavior of BV fibers was studied and it was revealed that the 4-element Burger model describes very well this phenomenon and could help in well predicting fatigue behaviour of BV fibers reinforced composites.
... Along with that, one of its most significant features is its low weight due to which it is used as a building material in support for concrete (Leake et al., 2010;Yuanwu and Qinlin, 2010). In traditional bahareque, bamboo is used in combination with cement or clay, and modem prefabricated houses use bamboo laminated boards, veneers, and panels (Gupta and Kumar, 2008;Laha, 2000;Mirmehdi et al., 2016). Constructing bamboo houses have specific requirements (Liese and Köhl, 2015) like specific height, diameter, and internode length. ...
... Based on the testing results, they concluded that the adhesive plays a crucial role in the formation of high-quality durable bonds. Mirmehdi et al. (2016) shared the same view, and mentioned that the adhesive had to provide a proper interface bond and penetration between the fibers and laminas. ...
... Based on EN 16351 (CEN 2015) and taking into account the aforementioned restrictions, the following three adhesive groups were used in this study: (1) phenolic and aminoplastic adhesives, such as melamine-formaldehyde (MF), melamine-ureaformaldehyde (MUF), phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF), and urea-formaldehyde (UF); (2) moisture-curing one-component polyurethane adhesives (PUR); and (3) emulsion polymer isocyantae adhesives (EPI). According to vast majority of research, MUF and PUR are the most common adhesives used to bond timber and bamboo (Correal and Ramirez 2010;Raftery et al. 2013;Stoeckel et al. 2013;Knorz et al. 2015;Mirmehdi et al. 2016;Sikora et al. 2016b). In order to ensure the comprehensiveness of the experiments, and considering different types of adhesives in line with their chemical components, EPI and polyvinyl acetate (PVA) were selected from those available on the market. ...
Tests were conducted of the bonding shear strength of different bamboo configurations in terms of grain direction, adhesive,
and clamping pressure. The bonding shear tests were carried out with two basic configurations: glued together with the grain in the same
direction, and cross-laminated. Five different adhesives were used: emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI), polyurethane (PUR), melamine-ureaformaldehyde
(MUF), hybrid polymer adhesive (HPA), and polyvinyl acetate (PVA). To assess the optimum value, specimens were prepared
with three clamping pressures. According to the test results, the most suitable adhesive for glued laminated bamboo surface is MUF; EPI is
not effective for bonding laminated bamboo elements, and PVA performs the best for scrimber produced with cross-laminated bamboo. The
results also showed that end grain specimens had the highest bonding shear strengths among the four configurations, and that, in accordance
with the properties of raw bamboo, cross-laminated types exhibited similar mechanical characteristics in both directions. It can be concluded
that the testing method used for cross laminated timber is also suitable for assessing the shear strength of adhesive bonds for cross-laminated
bamboo.
... The first and most significant type of surface difference is the type variation that is based on the grain composition. Flat, edge, and cross-section grains are produced by using different bamboo strip formations in the laminating process [19], while the basic form of the bamboo constituent used as the raw material causes four other types. It should be noted here that LB has an advantage in terms of controllability or manageability for surface design modifications, especially as related to grain coloration. ...
New technologies in bamboo utilization enrich the types and designs of bamboo products. This paper presents a visual typological analysis of currently existing engineered bamboo (EB) products in order to identify design development possibilities. Information on various EB products currently on the market, especially those being offered internationally, was collected for use as our primary data resource. Our analysis was conducted by dividing the observed products into existing categories, and then classifying them based on their surface appearance types, both in order to gain an understanding of current EB developments and to identify possibilities related to future product shaping and/or surface modifications. Our analysis results show that there are more surface types and modification possibilities for laminated bamboo (LB) products than other EB types.
Many factors influence the bonding properties of bamboo composite. Surface properties like wettability, pH value, buffering capacity, moisture content, and density all have an impact on the glue ability of bamboo products. To determine the bonding shear strength of plybamboo, Malaysian Standard MS 2693:2020 was developed. The combination of surface condition and finishing treatment can be a critical step in producing a functional and aesthetically pleasing final product. Because of the high penetration of coatings into the bamboo surface, the coatings will be more adherent to the substrate. It was discovered that there is a link between the surface qualities, intended usage, finishing, and the aesthetic value of the end product. The bonding mechanism, factors affecting bonding performance, and finishing properties can all be used to improve the production of bamboo composites.KeywordsBamboo compositeBondingFinishing propertiesCoatings
Bamboo material is a renewable natural product that can be obtained easily, cheaply, easily planted, grows fast, can reduce the effects of global warming, and has a very high tensile strength that can be competed with steel. Bamboo is a material that is commonly found in several villages and mountainous areas in Tulungagung, therefore bamboo material has a relatively cheap price. Loading reviews dead load and lives load. The analysis carried out in this study is loading, calculating the ultimate moment, normal force, and transverse force, then planning the bamboo beam against bending, tensile and compressive axial forces, and planning the shear of the bamboo beam. Then the bamboo beam is controlled against the combined axial bending load. Based on the results of the analysis and planning calculations, it was obtained that a bamboo beam with a stretch of 5 meters required 3 pieces of bamboo used to resist bending, and 2 pieces of bamboo needed as diagonal support. The bamboo used is bamboo with a diameter of 10 cm with a bamboo wall thickness of 1 cm. Keywords: Bamboo; beam; renewable; analysis; design Abstrak Material bambu merupakan produk hasil alam yang renewable yang dapat diperoleh dengan mudah, murah, mudah ditanam, pertumbuhan cepat, dapat mereduksi efek global warming serta memiliki kuat tarik sangat tinggi yang dapat dipersaingkan dengan baja. Bambu merupakan material yang banyak ditemui di beberapa desa dan daerah pegunungan di Tulungagung, maka dari itu material bambu memiliki harga yang relatif murah. Pembebanan meninjau beban mati dan beban hidup. Analisis yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah pembebanan, menghitung momen ultimate, gaya normal, gaya lintang, kemudian merencanakan balok bambu terhadap lentur, gaya aksial tarik dan tekan, dan merencanakan geser balok bambu. Kemudian balok bambu dikontrol terhadap beban kombinasi aksial lentur. Berdasarkan hasil dari perhitungan analisis dan perencanaan diperoleh hasil balok bambu dengan bentangan 5 meter diperlukan bambu yang digunakan untuk menahan lentur sebanyak 3 buah, bambu yang diperlukan sebagai diagonal support sebanyak 2 buah. Bambu yang digunakan ialah bambu dengan diameter 10 cm dengan ketebalan dinding bambu 1 cm. Kata Kunci: Bambu; balok; renewable; analisis; perencanaan
Natural product renewable that can be obtained easily, cheaply, easily planted, grows fast, can reduce the effects of global warming, and has a very high tensile strength that can becompeted with steel. Bamboo is a material that is commonly found in several villages andmountainous areas in Tulungagung, therefore bamboo material has a relatively cheap price.Loading reviews dead load and lives load. The analysis carried out in this study isloading, calculating the ultimate moment, calculating the capacity of one bamboo, thencalculating the number of bamboo needs that must be installed, and calculating the installationdistance of bamboo. Then to determine the stress and deflection of the bamboo floor structure,3D analysis using Midas Gen 2019.Based on the results of the analysis with a stretch of 4.5m x 4m bamboo floor structure,8 pieces of bamboo are needed in the X direction and 9 pieces in the Y direction. with abamboo distance of 50 cm. The maximum deflection based on the analysis results is 6.39 cm,while the stress in the X direction is 65.3 MPa and the Y direction is 53.8 MPa.Keywords: Bamboo; renewable; analysis; stress; deflection AbstrakMaterial bambu merupakan produk hasil alam yang renewable yang dapat diperolehdengan mudah, murah, mudah ditanam, pertumbuhan cepat, dapat mereduksi efek globalwarming serta memiliki kuat tarik sangat tinggi yang dapat dipersaingkan dengan baja. Bambumerupakan material yang banyak ditemui di beberapa desa dan daerah pegunungan diTulungagung, maka dari itu material bambu memiliki harga yang relatif murah.Pembebanan meninjau beban mati dan beban hidup. Analisis yang dilakukan padapenelitian ini adalah pembebanan, menghitung momen ultimate, menghitung kapasitas satubuah bambu, kemudian menghitung jumlah kebutuhan bambu yang harus dipasang danmenghitung jarak pemasangan bambu. Kemudian untuk mengetahui tegangan dan lendutandari struktur lantai bambu tersebut digunakan anaisis 3D dengan menggunakan Midas Gen2019.Berdasarkan hasil dari analisis dengan bentangan struktur lantai bambu 4,5 m x 4 m,diperlukan bambu pada arah X sebanyak 8 buah dan arah Y sebanyak 9 buah dengan jarakbambu 50 cm. Lendutan maksium berdasarkan hasil analisis sebesar 6,39 cm, sedagnkanteganagan arah X 65,3 MPa dan arah Y 53,8 MPa.Kata Kunci: Bambu; renewable; analisis; tegangan; lendutan
