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Polyphenols are the most abundant antioxidants in diet. Indeed, fruits, vegetables, beverages (tea, wine, juices), plants, and some herbs are loaded with powerful antioxidant polyphenols. Despite their wide distribution, research on human health benefits truly began in the mid-1990s (Scalbert, A.; Johnson, I. T.; Saltmarsh, M. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 20...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... of Polyphenols. One of the major difficulties of elucidating the beneficial effects of polyphenols is the large number of polyphenolic compounds found in fruits, vegetables, and beverages and the even larger numbers of their metabolites (Figure 1). Moreover, their bioavailability differs from one consumer to another in addition to intraindividual response occurring with physiopathological conditions. ...
Context 2
... is substantial in vitro evidence indicating that curcumin has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiamyloid activities (154). For instance, curcumin could inhibit lipid peroxidation (155), activate glutathione S-transferase (156), or induce heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (157). HO-1 induction occurs through the antioxidant response element (ARE) (158). ...
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Citations
... Many flavonoids show good radical scavenging (antioxidant) and metal-chelating properties. The major catechin epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) occurring in green tea may protect brain lipids from oxidation [272]. Generally, catechins provide very effective protection against ROS-induced oxidative damage through various initiators, such as radiation, hydrogen peroxide, and other toxic substances. ...
... A key challenge is optimizing the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of these compounds for oral administration in humans. The bioavailability of natural products varies widely based on their chemical structure, which influences absorption and metabolism [98,99]. Therefore, further research is crucial to understand the bioavailability of these two compounds in humans. ...
Background
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia, characterized by a complex pathogenesis that complicates the development of effective treatments. Natural products are promising multitarget agents because of their ability to interact with multiple molecular targets. Network-based medicine presents a robust strategy for discovering such agents, which can address the intricate mechanisms underlying AD.
Methods
In this study, we constructed an AD-related pathway-gene network via text mining and pathway database construction. This network facilitated the identification of natural products that target multiple pathways and genes associated with AD. We evaluated the safety profiles of two selected natural products in C57BL/6J mice through assessments of general behavior, body weight changes, vital organ weight and morphology, and hematological and biochemical parameters. APP/PS1 transgenic mice were subsequently treated with these natural products—either individually or in combination—to assess their therapeutic effects. Cognitive function was evaluated via behavioral tests, such as novel object recognition, Y-maze, and Morris water maze tests. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to examine Aβ-associated pathological changes. Transcriptomic analysis and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were employed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of the natural products.
Results
The constructed AD-related pathway-gene network encompassed three perspectives: (i) Most Studied Pathways (21 pathways with 5325 genes), (ii) Gene-Associated Pathways (26 pathways with 2557 genes), and (iii) Popular Pathways (24 pathways with 3435 genes). Two natural products, (-)-Vestitol and Salviolone, were selected for further validation. Their safety was confirmed in C57BL/6J mice. Notably, the combination of (-)-Vestitol and Salviolone synergistically affected cognitive function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice by reducing Aβ deposition and lowering toxic soluble Aβ levels in the brain. Transcriptomic analysis and qRT-PCR experiments revealed that their combination regulated AD-related pathways and genes more comprehensively, particularly affecting the Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction and Calcium signaling pathway.
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate that screening potential natural products through an AD-related pathway-gene network is a promising strategy for discovering novel therapeutics for AD. The therapeutic potential of (-)-Vestitol and Salviolone as novel candidates for AD treatment is underscored by their synergistic effects, attributed to their comprehensive regulation of AD-associated pathways and genes.
... Plants generate phytochemicals (e.g., phenols, terpenes, and organosulfur) promote pigmentation, smells, and allergens that may protect the plant from internal (e.g., metabolic) and exterior (e.g., environmental) threats to its survival, including infectious agents, predatory animals, UV rays, as well as ROS and protein excessive expression, respectively. Humans appear to derive health benefits from consuming plants that produce these phytochemicals through the modulation of multiple biological mechanisms such as inflammatory reactions, death of neuronal cells (apoptosis), growth of neurons, neural communication, and activity of enzymes are involved [ 12 ]. Possible reasons for these impacts might involve an antioxidant and anti-allergic characteristics and regulation of A levels and toxicity. ...
... A notable positive correlation has been proposed between the ingestion of foods abundant in polyphenolic phytochemicals and the prevention of specific neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease. [ 12 ]. From a variety of natural substances that are gaining attention for having potential anti-AD characteristics, this study will concentrate on polyphenolic phytochemicals. ...
Alzheimer's disease is a complicated, multifaceted, neurodegenerative illness that places an increasing strain on healthcare systems. Due to increasing malfunction and death of nerve cells, the person suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) slowly and steadily loses their memories, cognitive functions and even their personality. Although medications may temporarily enhance memory, there are currently no permanent therapies that can halt or cure this irreversible neurodegenerative process. Nonetheless, fast progress in comprehending the cellular and molecular abnormalities responsible for neuronal degeneration has increased confidence in the development of viable prevention and treatments. All FDA-approved anti-AD medications have merely symptomatic effects and cannot cure the illness. This necessitates the pursuit of alternate treatments. Accumulating data shows that systemic neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and associated mitochondrial dysfunction play crucial roles in the etiology of AD and precede its clinical presentation. Therefore, innovative therapeutic approaches targeting these pathophysiological components of Alzheimer's disease are being explored aggressively in the present scenario. Phytochemicals such as resveratrol, curcumin, quercetin, genistein and catechins are prospective therapies owing to their capacity to alter key AD pathogenetic pathways, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The use of new phytochemical delivery strategies would certainly provide the possibility to solve several issues with standard anti-AD medicines. In this review, the roles of phytophenolic compound-based treatment strategies for AD are discussed.
... A dynamic equilibrium is formed among soluble Ab1-40 along with deposited Ab1-42 by the freshly produced Ab. While poisonous Ab1-42 is accumulated in the brain and is difficult to remove because of its great hydrophobicity, soluble Ab1-40 may be removed from the brain and reach the plasma with a concentration gradient [6]. Due to this occurrence, Ab is more likely to aggregate and form amyloid neuritis plaques, which impair cell function and eventually result in AD [7]. ...
... Numerous epidemiological studies have associated a high consumption of polyphenols from fruits and vegetables to a reduced incidence of late-life cognitive disorders including AD [56][57][58][59][60][61]. Moreover, panoply of evidences suggests that a variety of polyphenols including anthocyanins, are able through multiple mechanisms, to improve cognitive decline and to decrease neuropathological hallmarks in animal models of AD [62][63][64]. Polyphenols are well recognized for their antioxidant and antiinflammatory properties. Some of them are inhibitors of A-induced toxicity, of tau hyperphosphorylation and aggregation, and of lipid and protein oxidation by-product formation [61]. ...
In Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, by-products of lipid peroxidation such as acrolein accumulated in vulnerable regions of the brain. We have previously shown that acrolein is a highly reactive and neurotoxic aldehyde and its toxicity involves the alteration of several redox-sensitive pathways. Recently, protein-conjugated acrolein in cerebrospinal fluid has been proposed as a biomarker to distinguish between MCI and AD. With growing evidence of the early involvement of oxidative stress in AD etiology, one would expect that a successful therapy should prevent brain oxidative damage. In this regard, several studies have demonstrated that polyphenol-rich extracts exert beneficial effect on cognitive impairment and oxidative stress. We have recently demonstrated the efficacy of an anthocyanin formulation (MAF14001) against amyloid-β-induced oxidative stress. The aim of this study is to investigate the neuroprotective effect of MAF14001 as a mixture of anthocyanins, a particular class of polyphenols, against acrolein-induced oxidative damage in SK-N-SH neuronal cells. Our results demonstrated that MAF14001, from 5μM, was able to efficiently protect SK-N-SH cells against acrolein-induced cell death. MAF14001 was able to lower reactive oxygen species and protein carbonyl levels induced by acrolein. Moreover, MAF1401 prevented glutathione depletion and positively modulated, in the presence of acrolein, some oxidative stress-sensitive pathways including the transcription factors NF-κB and Nrf2, the proteins γ-GCS and GSK3β, and the protein adaptator p66Shc. Along with its proven protective effect against amyloid-β toxicity, these results demonstrate that MAF14001 could target multiple mechanisms and could be a promising agent for AD prevention.
... The bioactive compounds from berries have also been reported to facilitate the management of neurodegenerative diseases (dementia, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's), by interfering with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), which induce significant damage to various cellular macromolecules like proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. In the case of aged brain cells, this mechanism was linked with the most common neurodegenerative diseases [142]. Although existent clinical evidence is not very strong in this respect, a common observation was that polyphenols (especially flavonoids, curcumin, and resveratrol) have multiple biological activities, helping to preserve and improve attention, working memory, and cognitive functions in general [143]. ...
Small berries are rich sources of bioactive compounds, acknowledged for a wide variety of biological activities. The health benefits of these berries are primarily attributed to phenolic compounds, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, owing to their good antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and neuro- and cardioprotective properties. In order to compensate for the lack of fresh fruit availability throughout the year, berries are usually processed to obtain various final products. Depending on the processing condition, the nutritional and functional profile of the berries might be affected. The present review focuses on the bioactive compounds with antioxidant activity that contribute to the health-related properties of berries and on the effects of the conventional and alternative thermal and non-thermal techniques employed for processing berries into final products. The literature suggests that, regardless of the processing method, incorporating berries into the daily diet offers protective and preventive benefits against various diseases.
... Moderate consumption of red wine (rich in stilbenes) has been shown to reduce the progression of β-amyloid, thereby attenuating cognitive deterioration and the prevalence of AD [456]. Clinical and epidemiological studies suggest that the consumption of flavonoids and polyphenols, including compounds such as catechin, resveratrol, and curcumin from fruits, vegetables, or beverages [457], along with increased adherence to a MedD, may reduce the risk of AD [458]. ...
Several hallmarks of metabolic syndrome, such as dysregulation in the glucose and lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, low-to-medium systemic inflammation, and intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, represent a pathological bridge between metabolic syndrome and diabesity, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to highlight some therapeutic strategies against metabolic syndrome involving integrative approaches to improve lifestyle and daily diet. The beneficial effects of foods containing antioxidant polyphenols, intestinal microbiota control, and physical activity were also considered. We comprehensively examined a large body of published articles involving basic, animal, and human studie, as well as recent guidelines. As a result, dietary polyphenols from natural plant-based antioxidants and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, along with physical exercise, are promising complementary therapies to delay or prevent the onset of metabolic syndrome and counteract diabesity and cardiovascular diseases, as well as to protect against neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive decline. Modulation of the intestinal microbiota reduces the risks associated with MS, improves diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and exerts neuroprotective action. Despite several studies, the estimation of dietary polyphenol intake is inconclusive and requires further evidence. Lifestyle interventions involving physical activity and reduced calorie intake can improve metabolic outcomes.
... Phytochemical studies have shown that polyphenols, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, glycosides, resins, terpenoids, phenolic diterpenes, and curcumin are common cinnamon phytoconstituents with anti-inflammatory activity which act by various mechanisms (Gunawardena et al., 2014). Multiple studies suggested that polyphenols and their monomeric precursors, including flavan-3-ol and gallic acid derivatives, possess anti-inflammatory activities to prevent or suppress chronic inflammatory diseases (Singh et al., 2008). Polyphenols extracted from C. zeylanicum have been found to affect immune responses by regulating pro-inflammatory and GLUT gene expression. ...
... The Lowry technique was used to isolate proteins from brain homogenate and determine their concentration. Proteins were analysed by Western blotting, that includes amyloid β1-42, phosphorylated Tau, Bax, Caspase-3, Bcl2, catalase, superoxide dismutase-1 and 2, and β -actin, a ubiquitous housekeeping protein, are used in conjunction with a standard internal control, following Singh et al. [10]. The following primary antibodies were used; anti-Aβ1-42 and anti p-Tau, mouse monoclonal caspase-3 p17, (1:1000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-Bax (1:400), anti-Bcl-2 (1:400), antiactin (1:50,000). ...
Background
The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases has skyrocketed alongside the extension of the average human lifespan. Oxidative stress is a hallmark of this group of diseases, its involvement in disease onset and/or progression is incompletely understood. Polyphenols are among the most promising natural compounds for their neuroprotective capabilities due to their distinctive chemical characteristics. So, it's exciting to look at the possibility of using new compounds with polyphenol qualities as neuroprotective. The goal of this study was to test the neuroprotective effect of the polyphenolic flavanol molecules Kaempferide and Norbergenin, in-vivo disease models generated by Aluminium chloride (AlCl3).
Results
Therefore, this study was evaluated to estimate the alleviative effect of KPD and NRG against AlCl3 Induced neurotoxicity in rats. KPD (10 mgkg-1) and NRG (10 mgkg-1) supplemented group decreased the production of Amyloid and Tau Proteins. The anti-oxidants i.e., catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GSR), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities were reduced, besides malondialdehyde (MDA) & reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents were substantially (P < 0.05) elevated. Western blot analysis was performed AlCl3 exposure also prompted remarkable histopathological alterations in Brain tissues.
Conclusion
KPD and NRG therapy, protect all the brain tissues from the damages induced byAlCl3. The findings of our study demonstrated that KPD can efficiently exerts protective effect due to its anti-oxidant, & neuroprotective effect.
... Oxidative stress and inflammation are recognized as underlying mechanisms contributing to cognitive decline [22]; however, fruits and vegetables are abundant sources of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents, which can help counteract these processes due to polyphenols which appear to be valuable potential agents for neuroprotection [23][24][25]. A vegetarian diet typically offers a reduced cholesterol and saturated fat intake, while providing a higher intake of dietary fiber and numerous phytochemicals which are beneficial to human health. ...
Purpose
The potential benefits of vegetarian diets in reducing cognitive impairment have garnered attention due to existing mixed results; hence, our study aims to examine the impact of vegetarianism on cognitive function and neuropsychological status among urban community-dwelling adults from Telangana.
Methods
The dietary patterns were self-reported and dietary data collected using a Food Frequency Questionnaire while cognitive function was assessed using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21) questionnaire for psychological measures. Adults (N = 304) aged 40 years and above, who followed either a vegetarian or non-vegetarian diet for at least 6 months prior to data collection, scored MMSE ≥ 19 indicating mild cognitive impairment, and were recruited using convenience sampling.
Results
Among the participants, vegetarians (n = 155) exhibited significantly better mood states compared to non-vegetarians (n = 149), as indicated by lower scores on the DASS subscales for depression (10.0 ± 0.06 vs. 17.0 ± 0.07, p = < 0.001), anxiety (4.0 ± 0.05 vs. 6.0 ± 0.07, p = 0.005), and stress (8.0 ± 0.02 vs. 10.0 ± 0.05, p = 0.007). Vegetarians also demonstrated superior cognitive functioning compared to non-vegetarians, as indicated by higher MMSE scores (26.0 ± 0.04 vs. 24.0 ± 0.03, p = < 0.001). MMSE scores were inversely correlated with depression, anxiety, and stress for vegetarians (ρ = − 0.371, p = 0.000; ρ = − 0.027, p = 0.734; and ρ = − 0.105, p = 0.914), respectively. Similar to the vegetarians group, MMSE scores were negatively correlated with depression (ρ = − 0.059), but the correlation is not significant.
Conclusion
Vegetarianism exerted a positive influence on the cognitive and neuropsychological status of the investigated population. Nevertheless, additional research is required to comprehend the underlying mechanisms that elucidate the long-term effects of vegetarianism and plant-based nutritional interventions on brain health.
