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With the complex examination of raw material from a new deposit in Slavishko Pole in the region of Kratovo–Zletovo volcanic area, Republic of Macedonia, its physical, chemical and mineralogical-petrographical properties have been defined. It has been found that it is a dominantly amorphous material, sedimen-tary rock of the type silicite-diatomite,...
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Citations
... It represents a mixture of diatomite and clay minerals. It constitutes a biogenetic rock; grayish, soft, very light, weakly cemented, finely opal sedimentary rock [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. ...
The raw diatomaceous earth from the vicinity of Bitola (North Macedonia)
showed low bulk density (0.61-0.69 g/cm3), high-water absorption (75-81%)
and porosity (66- 72%). The chemical composition was determined with ICP-MS,
revealing the following results for the diatomaceous earth: SiO2 (63.69
wt%), Al2O3 (11.79 wt%), Fe2O3 (5.95 wt%), MnO (0.15 wt%), TiO2 (0.65 wt%),
CaO (1.51 wt%), MgO (2.24 wt%), P2O5 (0.13 wt%), K2O (1.64 wt%), Na2O (0.93
wt%), LOI (11.21 wt%). XRPD data of the examined sample of clayey diatomite
mainly depicted crystalline behavior with a small presence of amorphous
phase. The crystalline mineral phases mainly comprise: silica (quartz),
feldspars (plagioclase), mica (muscovite), chlorites and dolomite. SEM and
TEM results show cased presence of micro- and nanostructures with pores
ranging from 250 to 600 nm. The clayey diatomite was sintered at three
temperatures (900, 1000 and 1100ºC) for a period of 1 h. XRPD of the
sintered samples at 1100ºC showed certain thermal stability and formation of
new phases (mullite and tridymite) that makes the analyzed diatomaceous
earth suitable for production of various types of ceramic, construction and
thermal insulating materials.
... X-ray analysis was performed on DRON X-ray diffractometer (2θ = 2-60 o ; UA = 38 kV; IA = 18 mA; 1 o /min.; CuKα/Ni). Chemical composition of the raw materials was defined by silicate chemical analysis (Zafirovski et al., 1974;Bogoevski et al., 2014;Reka et al., 2014;Pavlovski et al., 2011). The quantities of trace elements were determined by ICP-AES analysis (Varian 715-ES). ...
The aim of this research is characterization of the calcite raw material from two microlocalities: Sušički Most and Gorna Banjica near Gostivar. The properties of the calcite raw materials were defined applying complex examinations. XRD analysis determined the presence of calcite and dolomite as basic mineral phases, which was confirmed by optical transmission microscopy. The dominant content of CaCO3 was defined by chemical analysis. ICP-AES analysis confirmed a high degree of purity of the raw materials. DTA/TGA correlate with other analyses. Some basic physical properties of the raw materials were also determined. Additionally, the parameters of the mechanical preparation have been optimized. According to the presented results, the calcite materials which have very similar composition and approximately the same properties have a wide spectrum of application possibilities.
... Republic of North Macedonia is very diverse in various non-metallic raw materials including diatomite, clayey diatomaceous earth, bentonite, dolomite, pumice, perlite, granite, quartzite, tuffs, etc., that have extensive usage and application (Spasovski and Spasovski., 2012;Makreski et al., 2009;Jovanovski et al., 2012;Memedi et al., 2016aMemedi et al., , 2016bMemedi et al., , 2016cMemedi et al., , 2017Reka et al., 2014Reka et al., , 2018Reka et al., , 2019Pavlovski et al., 2011Pavlovski et al., , 2018Boškovski et al., 2015;Bogoevski et al., 2014;Cekova et al., 2013). Diatomite also known as kieselguhr is biogenic sedimentary rock composed of the opaline frustules of diatoms (Eldernawi et al., 2014;Smirnov et al., 2017;Ediz et al., 2010;Ilia et al., 2009). ...
... Chemical composition was defined by silicate chemical analysis (Zafirovski et al., 1974;Bogoevski et al., 2014;Reka et al., 2014;Pavlovski et al., 2011). Existing minerals were determined on a DRON X-ray diffractometer (2θ = 2-60 o ; UA = 38 kV; IA = 18 mA; 1 o /min.; CuKα/Ni). ...
The examined bentonite clay contains montmorillonite as a basic mass. As an admixtures it containes quartz, illite and other minerals. The admixtures are inhomogeneously distributed in various particle size fractions. The subject of this research is concentration and separation of existing admixtures from bentonite clay (-0.063 mm), a commercial product of Bentomak. Wet sieve analysis and elutriation were applied as separation methods. In order to define the efficiency of the methods, a complex examination for characterization of the fractions was realized. Simultaneous review of the results of XRD, microscopic examinations and chemical analysis indicates that in the finest fraction (-0.032 mm) the concentration of the admixures is smaller for 80% than in the other fractions.
... По содержанию основных минеральных фаз, диатомовые глины близки к диатомитам Зауралья и Казахстана [23][24][25][26], по содержанию диоксида кремния превосходят как глинистые разности диа томитов Зауралья [27] и Европейской части России [28], так и разности ряда месторождений зарубеж ных стран [29][30][31][32]. Таким образом, рассматриваемые породы исхо дя из результатов исследований литологических особенностей пригодны как сырье для производ ства большинства строительных и конструкцион ных материалов, что согласуется с результатами тех нологических испытаний, выполненных в 80 х гг. ...
Modernization of infrastructure of the oil and gas complex of Western Siberia and development of the northern territories require the widespread use of local non-metallic raw materials. In areas that are almost directly adjacent to the main industrial sites in the 1970–1980 the colossal reserves of opal-cristobalite rocks – diatomites and opoka, were explored, which have a near-surface occurrence and industrial practice of their use includes dozens of industries. Deficiency of natural raw materials in industrial sector of the north of the Tyumen region amounts to 50–70 %. This creates an economic basis for development of deposits of opal-cristobalite rocks. The Syagoy site of the largest in the near-Arctic zone Arka-Tabyakha deposit, due to its geological structure and confinement to the parallel-ridge relief, can be considered as a representative of other deposits of opal-cristobalite rocks in the north of Western Siberia.
The main aim is the study of lithology of clayey diatomite of Syagoy site and analysis of engineering-geological conditions of Syagoy site, with a view to assess the economic feasibility of developing the field.
The methods: field studies, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence analysis, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, lithological and petrographic analysis.
The results. The Syagoy site has huge forecast resources and relatively high quality of raw materials, however, the main limiting factors for development of deposit are economic and geological factors. The geomorphological and geocryological conditions of the territory of the parallel-ridge relief along with the total ice content of 50–60 % will have a critical impact on the cost of technological operations related to field development, transportation, storage and processing of raw materials, making the development of such deposits unprofitable. Real prospects for development of opal-cristobalite rocks in the Far North of Western Siberia exist for deposits that combine proximity to potential consumers of raw materials and do not form cryogenic hillocks and ridges.
... The raw material absorbs water easi-ly, which indicates it is highly porous. Some of basic physical properties are: specific mass 2.355 g/cm 3 , volume mass 0.928 g/cm 3 , porosity 60,58 % (open porosity 46.59 %, closed porosity 13.99 %), water absorption 50.20 % [8]. ...
In the soil from the micro locality E-NE-SE around the OHIS factory, an increased degree of contamination with arsenic of anthropogenic origin has been detected. The objective of this research is an integral perception of the soil state with this pollutant, aiming to determine options for remediation of the contaminated soil. The basic parameters are being monitored for the extracted quantities of arsenic from various plant species that exist at the micro locality, in correlation with soil composition in the medium of the root system and the external factors. Intention is to define the affinity of the existing plants for available forms of arsenic. Two natural inorganic raw materials have been appointed as potential materials for remediation of contaminated soil with arsenic from the micro locality: diatomaceous earth from the locality of Slaviško Pole and trepel from the locality of Suvodol. Applying the extractors, their appropriate selective affinity and capacity for arsenic and other micro elements is evident.
... The raw material absorbs water easi-ly, which indicates it is highly porous. Some of basic physical properties are: specific mass 2.355 g/cm 3 , volume mass 0.928 g/cm 3 , porosity 60,58 % (open porosity 46.59 %, closed porosity 13.99 %), water absorption 50.20 % [8]. ...
In the soil from the micro locality E-NE-SE around the OHIS factory, an increased degree of contamination with arsenic of anthropogenic origin has been detected. The objective of this research is an integral perception of the soil state with this pollutant, aiming to determine options for remediation of the contaminated soil. The basic parameters are being monitored for the extracted quantities of arsenic from various plant species that exist at the micro locality, in correlation with soil composition in the medium of the root system and the external factors. Intention is to define the affinity of the existing plants for available forms of arsenic. Two natural inorganic raw materials have been appointed as potential materials for remediation of contaminated soil with arsenic from the micro locality: diatomaceous earth from the locality of Slaviško Pole and trepel from the locality of Suvodol. Applying the extractors, their appropriate selective affinity and capacity for arsenic and other micro elements is evident.
... Crystallization of amorphous SiO 2 and the impact of certain impurities on the crystallization of amorphous SiO 2 are shown in publications [13][14][15][16][17][18]. Some properties and structural examinations of diatomites from various locations are shown in publications [19][20][21][22]. ...
A b s t r a c t: The phase transformations of the amorphous SiO2 have a very important role in the application of diatomite in the production of ceramic products. Therefore the phase transformations of diatomite are observed with the use of DTA and TGA at temperatures up to 1100°C, and diatomite in powder state heated at temperature 1000–1200°C for a period of 1 and 2 hours. DTA and TGA analyzis show that during thermal treatment up to 1100°C the diatomite remains in its amorphous phase. Roentgen-structural examinations of probes heated at 1000–1200°C for a period of 1–2 hours show no presence of crystalline phases at 1100°C. XRD examinations of probes heated at 1200°C show presence of the crystalline phases cristobalite and quartz. The samples was heated at 1200°C for a period of 2 hours, and was observed with an increase of the cristobalite content compared with quartz. SEM and TEM examinations results of diatomite heated at 1200°C for a period of 2 hours show that the probes undergoes sintering followed by reduced porosity.
... Raw silica amorphous materials are widespread in Macedonia[1,2,3]. White opalized tuff which has been the subject of this research, was taken from the locality Strmoš, in the Kratovo– Zletovo volcanic area[4,5]. ...
... Raw silica amorphous materials are widespread in Macedonia [1,2,3]. White opalized tuff which has been the subject of this research, was taken from the locality Strmoš, in the Kratovo-Zletovo volcanic area [4,5]. ...