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Macroscopic examination of the Cervix and Uterus of the female agouti showing the Utero-tubal junction (UTJ), Uterus (U), Septum (S), Cervix at pelvic inlet (CX) and Fornix Vagina (FV). Scale bar represents 2 cm.
Source publication
This study investigated the gross and microscopic anatomy of the reproductive tract of five cage reared female agouti (Dasyprocta leporina). The ovaries were paired yellow ovoid bodies with a mean (± SD) length of 10 mm (± 2.1), held near the caudal pole of the kidneys. The ovarian cortex consisted of cellular connective tissue in which ovarian fol...
Citations
... Ovaries of the current guinea pigs were paired similar to other smallsized mammalian species such as female agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) which were related to guinea pigs (Singh et al., 2014). Differently, ovaries in the hamster found ovoid in shape and completely enclosed in a bursa (Chanut and Williams, 2016). ...
... The current data showed that the cortex and medulla were not easily identified in the ovaries of adult guinea pigs because of the formation and development of many ovarian follicles that were occupied more spaces of the cortical and medullary regions. These caused indistinct separation of these two regions and such structural features were also recognized in ovaries of other species such as does (Al-Saffar and Almayahi, 2018a), rats (Lalithamma et al., 2016), female agouti (Singh et al., 2014) and female Wistar rats (Akpantah et al., 2010). ...
... The medulla in the ovaries of guinea pigs were formed of irregular dense connective tissue bundles filling the core of the ovary which passed through hilus into the medullary stroma where many blood vessels branches intervene with connective tissue running between follicles, distinctly distributed around large follicles. These findings came in agreement with those recorded in does (Al-Saffar and Almayahi, 2018a), rat (Lalithamma et al., 2016), hamster (Chunt and Williams, 2016) and female agouti (Singh et al., 2014). ...
This study was carried out to identify the histological structures of the ovary and the related uterine tubes of the adult guinea pig (Cavica porcellus). To conduct such project, 14 adult guinea pigs at their diestrous period were collected from the local breeders directly. Animals were euthanized, dissected and subsequently ovaries and specimens from uterine tubes were collected and fixed by 10% neutral buffered formalin and some of specimens were fixed in Bouin’s solution for subsequent histochemical staining then subjected to routine processes such as dehydration, clearing, embedding and block preparation. Sections of 6 μm were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin, Masson’s Trichrome, Alcian blue (pH 2.5) and Periodic acid shift stains.
Gross findings showed two bilateral rounded and slightly elongated ovaries situated in the abdominal cavity suspended by mesovarium ligament. Microscopic findings revealed prominent large follicles and to a lesser extent, the small and medium types in the ovaries of adults studied guinea pigs. The data showed the presence of many pre-ovulatory follicles during the diestrous period in this polyestrous species. Gross findings of the uterine tubes revealed the presence of bilateral uterine tubes. Each tube included short straighten preampulla which was expanded cranially to form infundibulum, coiled long ampulla and finally the isthmus, the shortest and straight part traversed the cranial end of the uterine horn. Microscopically, all of the uterine tube was lined with simple columnar epithelium. Mucosa showed very long and branched mucosal folds in the pre-ampulla, for lesser extent in ampulla but shortest and widest in isthmus. Tunica muscularis was absent at infundibulum, thinnest at pre-ampulla, whereas, the thickest in isthmus. Histochemically, the non ciliated columnar cells (present mainly in the isthmus and few in ampulla) were stained positively with AB and PAS stains.
... Ovaries of the current guinea pigs were paired similar to other smallsized mammalian species such as female agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) which were related to guinea pigs (Singh et al., 2014). Differently, ovaries in the hamster found ovoid in shape and completely enclosed in a bursa (Chanut and Williams, 2016). ...
... The current data showed that the cortex and medulla were not easily identified in the ovaries of adult guinea pigs because of the formation and development of many ovarian follicles that were occupied more spaces of the cortical and medullary regions. These caused indistinct separation of these two regions and such structural features were also recognized in ovaries of other species such as does (Al-Saffar and Almayahi, 2018a), rats (Lalithamma et al., 2016), female agouti (Singh et al., 2014) and female Wistar rats (Akpantah et al., 2010). ...
... The medulla in the ovaries of guinea pigs were formed of irregular dense connective tissue bundles filling the core of the ovary which passed through hilus into the medullary stroma where many blood vessels branches intervene with connective tissue running between follicles, distinctly distributed around large follicles. These findings came in agreement with those recorded in does (Al-Saffar and Almayahi, 2018a), rat (Lalithamma et al., 2016), hamster (Chunt and Williams, 2016) and female agouti (Singh et al., 2014). ...
Simple Summary
This literature review focused on the reproductive technologies used in female neo-tropical hystricomorphic rodents. Reproductive technologies aid in efficient reproduction, which is important in these species as they are hunted and valued for their meat. Knowledge of the anatomy and physiology would aid in assisted reproductive techniques, thus attention was given to these areas. Within this group of rodent species there were similar characteristics, some of which have been highlighted as well as any unique features. Some reproductive technologies used included colpocytology, ultrasonography, and hormonal analysis.
Abstract
This is the second of two literature reviews that focuses on the female reproductive anatomy and reproductive technologies used in selected neo-tropical hystricomorphic rodents. The rodents chosen included the agouti (Dasyprocta leporina), the capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), and the paca (Cuniculus paca). Over seventy references were used, spanning the years 1919–2021. Knowledge of the reproductive tract is important in understanding any unique features, which may affect the use of reproductive technologies. Some unique characteristics common to these species included the presence of a vaginal closure membrane and a lobulated placenta with a vascular sub-placenta. The capybara had hyperpigmentation of the vagina that was unique to each individual, while the agouti and paca had accessory corpora lutea, in addition to the main one. Some reproductive technologies have been used, with attempts at estrous induction and synchronization taking place within the past five years. Even though most work has been done over the past twenty years, there is still a dearth of information.
Dystocia is a complication that occurs at parturition either due to foetal or maternal factors. This condition has been well studies in domesticated species. However, there is very little information on dystocia in the agouti (Dasyprocta leporina). The agouti is utilized for its meat in South America and the Caribbean. More recently, farming of these animals intensively is being practiced in the Neo-tropics. This case report attempted to provide some insight into dystocia in the agouti which has been rarely reported in animals in captivity. A female agouti weighing approximately 3 kg (kg), which was in the last stage of pregnancy, was found dead in its cage. The vulva of the animal had the hind-limbs of the offspring protruding. Upon necropsy the animal had little fat reserves and had two foetuses in the right horn of the uterus. The feet of on offspring were dislocated and exposed at the level of the vulva. Each foetus weighed approximately 200 g. The foetuses were well formed with fur, teeth and eyes. The placenta was attached to each of the foetuses. The pathological findings suggested that dystocia resulted in secondary uterine inertia, which was the cause of death of the adult female agouti. To prevent the recurrence of this situation the gestation should be staged (timed) using ultrasonography. Animals which are in their third stage of gestation should be monitored using cameras or with personnel at the facility to assist agoutis which are having difficulties at parturition.
In this review, information was summarized on endoparasites found in six non-domesticated neotropical animals. These mammals have the potential to be domesticated. The animals included three rodents, agouti (Dasyprocta leporina), lappe (Agouti paca), and capybara (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris); a marsupial, manicou (Didelphis marsupialis insularis); and an artiodactyl, the collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu/Peccari tajacu) and a ruminant (the red brocket deer, Mazama americana). While there are many descriptions of the parasites present, the majority of publications failed to note the effect of them on the animals. Most information is available on endoparasites of capybara, while the endoparasites of the red brocket deer were the least reported. The manicou was reported to have had the most number of endoparasites, 44 species of parasites were reported, while there were only 24 endoparasites reported in the lappe. The most common parasites found in these neotropical animals were Paraspidodera uncinata, Strongyloides spp., Eimeria spp., Moniezia benedeni, Trichuris spp., Physocephalus spp., and Giardia spp. A large majority of the studies concluded that these animals were reservoirs for parasites that could affect domesticated livestock. Endoparasites of zoonotic significance were Echinoccocus spp., Trichuris spp., Giardia spp., and Cryptosporidium spp.
The study investigated the gross and microscopic anatomy of the genital organs of 20 agoutis at different stages of the estrous cycle and four in the final trimester of pregnancy. Specimens were euthanized and their reproductive organs were fixed in a 4% paraformaldehyde or 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution and submitted to routine histological techniques for light and scanning electron microscopy. In the ovary, during the proestrus phase, we observed developing follicles and corpus luteum (CL) in regression; during estrus, there were Graafian follicles; during metestrus, there was a hemorrhagic corpus, whereas in diestrus, there was a mature CL. The uterus was partially double because the cervix was cranially septate but caudally, the septum disappeared, forming a single ostium that opened into the vagina. Changes occurred along the estrous cycle in the uterine and vaginal epithelia, that is, an increase in the uterine epithelium height accompanied by an increase of thickness of the vaginal epithelium during the follicular phase and a decrease of thickness of both epithelia during the luteal phase. The endometrial lining was composed of a simple cuboidal epithelium to simple columnar epithelium with basal nuclei. The vaginal mucosa consisted of epithelium that varied from nonkeratinized stratified squamous (luteal phase) to keratinized stratified squamous (follicular phase). The clitoris was external to the vagina. It presented two protruding lateral keratinized spicules and a centralized urethra, with no common parts between the urinary and genital tracts. Anatomical and histological changes were observed mainly in the cervix, vagina and spicules of the clitoris during the EC.
This review serves to summarize parasites found in Domesticated animals which were found in the Neo-Tropics. Indigenous domesticated Neo-tropical animals include South American camelids, (Lama gunacoa, Lama glama, Lama pacos, Vicuna vicuna), guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera), turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) and ducks (Cairina moschata, Anas platyrhynchos, Dendrocyga autumnalis). These animals were chosen due to their origin of existence (Neo-tropics) and over time these animals became domesticated and were distributed throughout the world. Over eighty (80) references were collected for this review and the papers spanned over eighty (80) years from 1934 to 2018. The gastrointestinal parasites reported for each animal were tabulated and their effects in the animal noted. Parasites reported in domesticated Neo-tropical animals had little to no effect on wild and free ranging animals with a few cases of illness and decreased productivity. The majority of articles viewed these animals as reservoir host which can infect humans and other domesticated livestock. It must also be noted that research done in the past did not focus on the effect these parasites had on these animals but only observed their potential as reservoirs for parasitic diseases.
