MSE ( ⋅102) for the tree-like design (top) and the accordion-like design (bottom) as function of copies on LeNet5 trained for MNIST classification. The pale area contains the 95%-confidence intervals. The red squares highlight the ‘low copies regime’ of which the values are highlighted in the abstract.

MSE ( ⋅102) for the tree-like design (top) and the accordion-like design (bottom) as function of copies on LeNet5 trained for MNIST classification. The pale area contains the 95%-confidence intervals. The red squares highlight the ‘low copies regime’ of which the values are highlighted in the abstract.

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All analog signal processing is fundamentally subject to noise, and this is also the case in next generation implementations of optical neural networks (ONNs). Therefore, we propose the first hardware-based approach to mitigate noise in ONNs. A tree-like and an accordion-like design are constructed from a given NN that one wishes to implement. Both...

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