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| Lower pharyngeal tooth plate of Satanoperca setepele (NUP 23125, 97.1 mm SL) in occlusal view, anterior portion upwards.
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A new species of Satanoperca is described from the Rio Araguaia, Rio Tocantins basin, Brazil, and non-native records are available in the upper Rio Paraná basin. It differs from congeneric species by color pattern characters, such as head and flank marks. It is included in the Satanoperca jurupari species group, characterized by the absence of blac...
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Context 1
... pharyngeal tooth plate elongated. Anterior teeth slender, with unique retrorse cusp. Medio posterior teeth more robust, with large posterior cusp antrorse; 8-9 teeth in median row, 11-12 teeth in posterior row, 27-29 in lateral margin (Fig. ...
Context 2
... become arranged into spots, while the original stripes become narrower (Figs. 20-21). In the second case, no substantial fragmentation happens, although the nasal stripes disappear almost completely, and the infraorbital ones fade out to some degree (Fig. 22). The LMP1p, which in specimens greater than 10.0 mm SL starts to elongate vertically (Figs. 11-14), and to become darker dorsally, in specimens over 30.0 mm SL is usually completely confined to the base of the dorsal caudal-fin lobe (Figs. 15-19). However, in specimens between30.0-50.0 mm SL it is still bar-shaped (Figs. 15, 18A-B, 19A). Progressively, as the individual surpasses 50.0 mm SL, the ventral portion of the LMP1p ...
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Citations
... Two specimens were cleared and stained (c&s) following the methodology of Taylor, Van Dyke (1985) for osteological examination. Vertebrae were counted as in Deprá et al. (2021). Fused PU1+U1 (pleural and ural vertebrae) was treated as a single bone. ...
... However, according to morphological characters, both species pertain to Aequidens (see discussion section in Kullander, 2012). Due to a lack of larval material, we were unable to identify the development of the bars via the union of melanophore patches as described by Ota et al. (2021) and Deprá et al. (2022). A cheek spot is located between the posteroventral margin of the eye and the vertical arm of the preopercle, and is more evident in adults than in the young. ...
Morphological and molecular data support the description of a new Aequidens species from the upper rio Correntes, considered herein as endemic to the upper rio Paraguai basin in the Cerrado biome in Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all congeners, except from A. plagiozonatus by having anteriorly oblique dark brown flank bars vs. vertical flank bars, and is additionally distinguished from some congeners by showing a discontinuous lateral band and presence of a dark cheek spot. The new species differs from Aequidensplagiozonatus by having the profile of the dorsal part of head almost straight (in lateral view), with a conspicuous concavity at the interorbital, and by the longer length of upper and lower jaws. Furthermore, delimitation analyses based on mitochondrial data provide additional support for the validity of the species. Our study data also revealed the occurrence, and consequently the first record, of A.plagiozonatus in the upper rio Araguaia basin, which was most likely driven by headwater capture events.
... The ethanol-preserved individuals and the removed tissues were taken to the INPA, where morphological identification by taxonomists, with the help of specific literature (Ferreira et al., 1998;Gery, 1977;Kullander, 1986;Lucinda et al., 2010;Ota et al., 2021;Reis et al., 2003;Ribeiro et al., 2008;Santos & Jegu, 1996;Santos et al., 1984Santos et al., , 2004, and genetic analysis took place at the Thematic Table S1) that totaled 419 specimens. To check whether the species was endemic to the Araguaia-Tocantins basin, as well as to verify the validity of the species name, the platforms FishBase (Froese & Pauly, 2023) and Eschmeyers's Catalog of Fishes were used (Fricke et al., 2023). ...
The fish fauna of the Tocantins River possesses many endemic species; however, it is little studied in molecular terms and is quite threatened by the construction of several hydroelectric dams. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the ichthyofauna of the Tocantins River using DNA barcoding. For this, collections were carried out in five points of this river, which resulted in the capture of 725 individuals from which partial sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene were obtained for genetic analysis. A total of 443 haplotypes were recovered with the mean intraspecific K2P genetic distance of 1.82%. Altogether, 138 species were identified based on morphological criteria, which was a quantity that was much lower than that indicated by the four molecular methods (assemble species by automatic partitioning [ASAP], barcode index number [BIN], generalized mixed Yule coalescent (GMYC), and Bayesian Poisson tree processes [bPTP]) through which 152–157 molecular entities were identified. In all, 41 unique BINs were obtained based on the data generated in the BOLDSystems platform. According to the result indicated by ASAP (species delimitation approach considered the most appropriate in the present study), there was an increase of 17 molecular entities (12.32%), when compared to the number of species identified through their morphological criteria, as it can show cryptic diversity, candidates for new species, and misidentifications. There were 21 incongruities indicated between the different identification approaches for species. Therefore, it is suggested that these taxonomic problems be cautiously evaluated by experts to solve such taxonomic issues.
... In several taxonomic publications on the taxonomy of geophagine cichlid fishes (e.g. Mesa and Lasso 2011;Varella and Britzke 2016;Ota et al. 2021), black elements (viz. bars, dots and blotches) of the color pattern were used as diagnostic characters (or character states) in the last decade. ...
Mikrogeophagus maculicauda sp. n. is described from the upper Rio Guaporé drainage in the Estado Mato Grosso in Brazil. It can be distinguished from the congeners by the presence of the following characteristics: a large rectangular or square dark spot extending almost over the entire caudal peduncle, a greenish metallic sheen on the sides of the body, and in adult males very long filiform extensions of the
posterior soft dorsal fin and the marginal rays of both the upper and the ventral lobe of the caudal fin.
... Osteological data were taken from a single cleared and stained (c&s) specimen (MZUSP 116474, 73.2 mm SL). Vertebrae types follow Deprá et al. (2021) and Ota et al. (2021), except regarding the following two types not described therein. A type A' vertebra is like a common type A, but with a pair of long, distally co-ossified hypapophyses (see Kullander, 1998, character 77) upon which the anterodorsal portion of the swim bladder is anchored, as well as the proximal portion of the retractor dorsalis muscle, in part. ...
... Most of the coloration-related terminology developed during this study already has been presented elsewhere . However, in contrast with Ota et al. (2021), we followed a standardized terminology, in which a bar is a transversal mark on the head or on the flank; a band is a transversal mark on a fin; and a stripe is a longitudinal mark, regardless of the position. Melanophoric coloration elements not described by Ota et al. (2021) include the following: a preopercular mark (occasionally called preopercular stripe) restricted to the preopercular angle (López-Fernández & Taphorn, 2004), and a midopercular mark that spans from the opercular shelf (a crest in the medial face of the bone) ventrally to about the middle of the opercle. ...
... However, in contrast with Ota et al. (2021), we followed a standardized terminology, in which a bar is a transversal mark on the head or on the flank; a band is a transversal mark on a fin; and a stripe is a longitudinal mark, regardless of the position. Melanophoric coloration elements not described by Ota et al. (2021) include the following: a preopercular mark (occasionally called preopercular stripe) restricted to the preopercular angle (López-Fernández & Taphorn, 2004), and a midopercular mark that spans from the opercular shelf (a crest in the medial face of the bone) ventrally to about the middle of the opercle. ...
Geophagus pyrineusi, new species, is described from the rio Teles Pires drainage, rio Tapajós basin, Brazil. The new species can be diagnosed from the majority of the congeners by presenting a complete infraorbital bar. Additionally, it differs from all other congeners by several coloration-related character states: flank bars 5 and 6-7 as dark as the infraorbital bar, and almost as dark as the midlateral spot; retention of dorsal melanophoric patch 6 as a distinct mark (not connected to any lateral melanophoric patch), and almost as dark as the midlateral spot in adults; retention of lateral melanophoric patch 1p and almost complete absence of dorsal-and caudal-fin color patterns in adults, among other characters.
Resumo Geophagus pyrineusi, espécie nova, é descrita da drenagem do rio Teles Pires, bacia do rio Tapajós, Brasil. A nova espécie pode ser diagnosticada da maioria das congêneres por apresentar uma barra infraorbital completa. Adicionalmente, ela difere de todas as outras congêneres por diversos caracteres relacionados à coloração: barras do flanco 5 e 6-7 tão escuras quanto a barra infraorbital e quase tão escura quanto a mancha médio-lateral; retenção da mancha melanofórica dorsal 6 como uma marca distinta (não conectada com nenhuma mancha melanofórica lateral) e quase tão escura quanto a mancha médio-lateral em adultos; retenção da mancha melanofórica lateral 1p e quase completa ausência de padrões de colorido nas nadadeiras dorsal e caudal em adultos, entre outros caracteres. Palavras-chave:
... Dentro de los cíclidos sudamericanos destacamos a los peces del género Satanoperca Günther, 1862, que están ampliamente distribuidos en la región oriental de América del Sur. En la actualidad existen hasta diez especies válidas distribuidas en dos grupos de especies sensu (Rúbia Ota et al., 2021). El grupo de especies de Satanoperca daemon incluye a S. acuticeps (Heckel, 1840), S. daemon (Heckel, 1840) y S. Lilith (Kullander & Ferreira, 1988) y se caracteriza por la presencia de manchas negras redondeadas en el flanco y altos valores mirísticos. ...
... Por otro lado, el grupo de especies de Satanoperca jurupari incluye a S. curupira (Ota et al., 2018), S. jurupari (Heckel, 1840), S. leucosticta (Müller & Troschel, 1849), S. mapiritensis (Fernández -Yepez, 1950), S. pappaterra (Heckel, 1840), S. rhynchitis (Kullander, 2012) y recientemente a una nueva especie descrita como S. setepele (Rúbia Ota et al., 2021), se caracteriza por la ausencia de manchas negras redondeadas en el flanco y bajos valores mirísticos. ...
Los cíclidos, son peces de climas cálidos que presentan una rica variedad de patrones de coloración, comportamiento, hábitos alimenticios y tamaños. Los cíclidos del género Satanoperca están ampliamente distribuidos en la región oriental de América del Sur y son peces que tienen importancia económica en la industria ornamental y como peces de consumo humano directo. Las enfermedades causadas por agentes parasitarios afectan a la industria acuícola para producción de carne como también a los criadores de peces con fines ornamentales. Se hizo una revisión en todas las bases de datos bibliográficos disponibles en internet, de los parásitos reportados en el periodo 2001 - 2022 en las especies Satanoperca jurupari y S. pappaterra. Se reportó un total de 18 trabajos publicados sobre la materia de estudio en los últimos 21 años, siendo el 94,44% de ellos de autoría de investigadores brasileños. Los tres grupos de parásitos más diversos que se reportaron infestando a estos dos cíclidos fueron los siguientes: Nematoda y Digenea con seis especies, y Monogenea con cinco especies. A diferencia de Satanoperca pappaterra que solo registró un total de ocho parásitos, S. jurupari fue infestado por un total de 24 parásitos.
The gross encephalic morphology of representatives from 17 genera within the Geophagini tribe is comprehensively characterized, compared, and analyzed into a previously proposed phylogenetic hypothesis. Our morphological investigation highlights the prominence of the visual center within the cichlid encephalon. Notably, constrained phylogenetic analysis reveals probable convergent adaptations in two genera, Cichla and Saxatilia, characterized by diminutive gustatory lobes. In contrast, Retroculus, known for its sediment-shifting habits among Geophagini species, exhibits well-developed gustatory lobes. Previous research has established that species engaging in sediment sifting exhibit modifications in their pharyngeal apparatus and frequently adopt benthivorous feeding strategies, features that appear to be orchestrated by the gustative center in the encephalon. Furthermore, our findings underscore a putative relationship between encephalon morphology and factors such as feeding behavior, environmental conditions (including turbidity and depth), and their association with the studied cichlid species. The neuroanatomical characters proposed in this study hold promise as valuable phylogenetic markers for future analyses and contribute to our understanding of the complex interplay between neuroanatomy, behavior, and ecology within this diverse group of cichlids.
The upper rio Paraná basin drains the most developed and environmentally degraded region in South America: the Brazilian southeast. While it is one of the most well-known Neotropical fish assemblages, it is also one of the most threatened by anthropic activity. Urbanization, deforestation, dam construction, invasive species, and water pollution not only reduce the living area of species but also alter our perception of the basin and its biotic elements. Such changes are so profound and pervasive that raise uncertainties about the native or non-native status of several species. This paper aims to offer a detailed picture of the native diversity and historical biogeography of the fishes in the upper rio Paraná basin, which we hope will offer a solid foundation for future conservation policies. We update the list of native species, analyze geographical distributions, and identify biogeographical patterns, emphasizing areas requiring recognition as distinct biotas for conservation efforts. Over the past 15 years, more than 100 additional species have been described or recorded, expanding the total to 341 native species belonging to six orders and 30 families, making it the richest river basin in Brazil outside the Amazonian region. Unlike most neotropical basins where Characidae dominates, loricariids make up nearly one-fourth of the total fish diversity in the region. Species and clades concentrate in the central basin, while endemics are confined to peripheral areas due to the complex biogeographical history shared with neighboring basins. Eighteen distinct biogeographical regions are identified, discussing their composition, histories, and conservation implications. The upper rio Paraná basin has 10% of its fish fauna ranked as endangered and present 128 non-native species, including three hybrids. This places it as the major drainage with the largest number of endangered taxa in the neotropics and at the same time the one with the most numerous non-native elements. Existing protected areas are deemed ineffective in preserving diverse assemblages and fail to safeguard the majority of threatened and narrowly-endemic species.
The Relevant Ecological Interest Area (REIA), popularly known as “Refúgio Biológico de Santa Helena”, is part of the Atlantic Forest Biome and one of the 78 ecoregions mapped by IBAMA as basic unit for planning priorities focused on national biodiversity conservation. Quarterly collections were carried out from November 2017 to November 2019 to inventory the ichthyofauna of this Conservation Unit. Specimens were captured with the aid of gillnets, fishing sieve and seine. In total, 3,919 specimens belonging to two class, eight orders, 27 families and 74 species were sampled. Characiformes and Siluriformes presented the highest species richness; they accounted for 40 (54%) and 17 (23%) species, respectively. Geophagus sveni (181 individuals = 17%), Trachelyopterus galeatus (109 individuals = 10%) and Schizodon borellii (105 individuals = 10%) were the most abundant fish species captured with gillnet. Moenkhausia was the most abundant genus captured with seine and fishing sieve, with emphasis on species Moenkhausia bonita (930 individuals = 33%) and Moenkhausia gracilima (845 individuals = 30%). Moreover, two “endangered” species (Brycon orbignyanus and Pseudoplatystoma corruscans) were registered. Therefore, we present an updated inventory of species belonging to the ichthyofauna of REIA, and it may contribute to future management plans focused on this Conservation Unit.
This study aims to report the non-native occurrence of Crenicichla semifasciata in the Upper Paraná River in the floodplain region, and the first record of the pughead condition in the species. C. semifasciata was described from the Paraguay River and there are already registers of individuals in the Upper Paraná River basin. The register downstream, in the floodplain region, could be associated with aquarium trade, however, the most likely hypothesis is the anthropological introduction to exploitation in sport fishing. The introduction of C. semifasciata, as well as the discovery of the pugheaded specimen, indicate that humans are most likely interfering with the floodplain region, which is crucial to biological diversity in the Upper Paraná River basin.
This study aims to provide an annotated list of the type-material housed in the fish collection of the Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia, Ictiologia e Aquicultura (NUP), Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Paraná, Brazil. NUP’s fish type collection hosts type-material of 157 species, distributed in 503 lots (11 holotypes and 492 lots of paratypes) totalling 2,915 specimens. For each species, catalog numbers of all available lots are provided, and for each lot, total number of specimens, range of variation of standard length, number of cleared and stained specimens (when any), locality data, collectors, and date of collection, are provided.
