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The Indian Biopharmaceutical landscape interests scholars from innovation studies, economic geography and policy learning to understand various regional dimensions that fuel knowledge production in relation to emerging technologies. Globalization has a strong influence on such high technology clusters, wherein ‘local’ play a significant role. With...
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Innovation intermediaries are used with increasing frequency as a tool for promoting economic development, competitiveness, and research commercialization. But how effective have these tools been? This presentation shares preliminary results from a study on the Canadian Incubator and Accelerator Program (CAIP) undertaken as part of the "Creating Di...
The European Green Deal has become a major topic in the general debate on innovation and innovation policy: to reach the goals of the Euro-pean Green Deal, innovation will prove pivotal. Existing research has shown that Global Innovation Networks play a major role in the innovation ecosystem, but their role for large European companies in achieving...
The study provides theoretical as well as case-study based evidence for the potential of European industries to become carbon neutral and provide job security and growth in the EU. The study identifies, maps, and analyses Global Innovation Networks, i.e. networks between industry and other actors that facilitate innovation, and their role in making...
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... This vaccine has developed by the collaboration of NIV with Bharat Biotech in September 2013 ( Fig. 4; Tables 2 and 3) [44]. Biological E Ltd, a pharmaceutical company based in Hyderabad, has trademarked their first locally developed inactivated vaccine, JEEV (Tables 2 and 3) [45]. ...
Emerging diseases are infectious diseases that pose significant threat to human health, causing millions of deaths and disabilities in the upcoming days. Periodic epidemics of new infections and old reinfections increase the global burden of disease prevalence. They can be caused by new pathogens or evolving ones, which change human behavior and environmental factors. Researchers have studied the dynamic connections between microbes, hosts, and the environment, but new infectious diseases like coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), re-emerging diseases, and deliberately disseminated diseases persist despite earlier hopes of elimination. With heavy privatesector investments, Indian pharmacology now provides core Expanded Programme on Immunization vaccines to United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, producing previously unattainable vaccines for diseases like meningitis, hepatitis B, pneumococcal conjugate, rotavirus, influenza A (H1N1), and COVID-19. India's vaccine sector has emerged, among the oriented leaders of the Bharat Biotech, Serum Institute of India, Panacea Biotech and Biological E. Specifically, the technology transferred from Western countries has benefited the sector, which produces 1.3 billion doses annually. The Serum Institute is the world's largest manufacturer of vaccines, providing measles and diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines to United Nations. The Serum Institute has developed several vaccines, including Nasovac, MenAfriVac, Pentavac, and an inactivated polio vaccine. India's success in vaccinations can be attributed to attractive investment conditions, government assistance, international alliances, and rising domestic technical talent. Despite its booming economy and technical advances, India's disproportionate share of the world's child mortality rate remains unchanged. However, the growing production and distribution of vaccinations in developing nations has initiated a new era, leading to a worldwide decline in childhood death and disease.
... As is indicated above, the triple helix has been heavily used in research and aspects of regional innovation. The model as such faces challenge when innovation systems are internationally interconnected, but for us to fully understand the conceptual dynamics of the triple helix, there is a dire need to explore the micro-mechanism associated with it (Pandey & Desai, 2017). In that direction, scholars have used social network theory while discussing academic collaborations with nonacademic stakeholder groups. ...
The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate the role of higher education establishments in Middle Eastern countries specifically Saudi Arabia. The contributions of higher education establishments are particularly significant in relation to regional and national innovation system, which have been earmarked as engine for growth of the local economy across the region. Our study has chartered the dynamic nature of higher education in the region and their networking capabilities in order to be recognized as key stakeholders of the emerging economy. The study is informed by theoretical dimensions of "open innovation" and how the framework can accommodate the dynamic nature of higher education establishments in order to provide further impetus to ambitious projects such as Vision 2030 in Saudi Arabia. Our study is limited by further empirical evidence but has implication for the region in offering new insights around the evolving conceptualization of entrepreneurial universities and national innovation system.
... The transnational or 'multi-locational' feature of innovation ecosystems was noted by Sotarauta et al. (2016) and Carayannis et al. (2018), who stressed that knowledge flows and innovation processes take place in multiple geographical locations. The transnational dimension of innovation networks has been widely reported in innovation research (Barnard and Chaminade, 2011;Lundvall et al., 2014;Necoechea-Mondragón et al., 2017;Pandey and Desai, 2017) and geography studies (e.g., Wixted, 2009). The networks are primarily interlinked through international innovation cooperation between actors from multiple sectors, such as higher education, industry and government (Cai and Etzkowitz, 2020). ...
This paper theoretically conceptualises and empirically explores the role of international university collaboration in building transnational university-industry co-innovation networks (TUICNs) in the EU-China context, and suggests a new model of international innovation cooperation. The theoretical framework was constructed by synthesising insights from social network theory and institutional theory. The empirical exploration was based on an analysis of interviews with 18 actors engaged in EU-China innovation cooperation. The findings suggest that international university collaboration could contribute to international industry collaboration and, therefore , to the development of TUICNs by 1) matching suitable industrial partners, 2) building trust between them, 3) giving industrial actors access to new resources, (4) enhancing the reputations of international companies in their cooperation countries, and (5) creating innovative business collaboration models. The study also addresses the following paradox in innovation studies: although the vital role of universities in national/regional innovation systems has been widely studied and the global interconnectedness of innovation networks is generally acknowledged, little attention has been given to universities' engagement in transnational innovation (eco) systems. Based on the findings, recommendations for policymakers, universities and companies are provided in light of the shifting balance of challenges and opportunities presented by China to the EU.
... The Global Dimension of Triple Helix While the innovation processes are becoming globally interconnected (Barnard & Chaminade 2011; J. Liu et al. 2013;Necoechea-Mondragón et al. 2017;Pandey & Desai 2017), the actors in a regional innovation system not merely interact with other actors in the same locality but also with those in the neighbor regions and the regions across national borders. As a response to such a situation, Cheng et al. (2019) proposed a novel model of Triple Helix, in which they add the dimension of globalization, positioning it in the middle of the Triple Helix framework. ...
The Triple Helix of university-industry-government interactions, highlighting the enhanced role of the university in the transition from industrial to knowledge-based society , has become widespread in innovation and entrepreneurship studies. We analyze classic literature and recent research, shedding light on the theoretical development of a model that has engendered controversy for being simultaneously analytical and nor-mative, theoretical, practical and policy-relevant. We identify lacunae and suggest future analytical trajectories for theoretical development of the Triple Helix model. The explanatory power of Triple Helix has been strengthened by integrating various social science concepts, e.g. Simmel's triad, Schumpeter's organizational entrepreneur, institutional logics and social networks, into its framework. As scholars and practitioners from various disciplinary and inter-disciplinary research fields, e.g. artificial intelligence , political theory, sociology, professional ethics, higher education, regional geography and organizational behavior join Triple Helix studies or find their perspectives integrated, new directions appear for Triple Helix research.
... [31][32]. The transnational dimension of innovation ecosystems has also been reflected in innovation research [32][33][34][35][36] and geography studies [37], both addressing the direction of innovation systems becoming global or transnational. ...
While higher education has been considered as both an 'engine' for innovation and a 'catalyst' for sustainability development, the integration of both the 'innovation engine' and 'sustainability catalyst' roles is best reflected in higher education's engagement in innovation ecosystems-the theme of this special issue, including 16 articles dealing with the topic from various perspectives. In this editorial, we outline an overarching framework about the relations between higher education and innovation ecosystem. When elaborating the framework, we provide a new definition of innovation ecosystem and identify three roles of university in innovation ecosystems, based on synthesizing relevant literature. The framework could facilitate readers to comprehend each of the collected articles and find synergy among them.
... Particularly, university and industry (U-I) interactions constitute a core area in innovation studies [10]. While the innovation processes are becoming globally interconnected [11][12][13][14], there is also an urgent demand to extend cross-sectoral organizational synergy building to the transnational context. For instance, it has been evidenced, though mainly in the industrial context, that technological capabilities for innovation are dispersed in international innovation networks [15] and the degree of R&D internationalization is increasing [16,17]. ...
This paper presents a potential solution to fill a gap in both research and practice that there are few interactions between transnational industry cooperation (TIC) and transnational university cooperation (TUC) in transnational innovation ecosystems. To strengthen the synergies between TIC and TUC for innovation, the first step is to match suitable industrial firms from two countries for collaboration through their common connections to transnational university/academic partnerships. Our proposed matching solution is based on the integration of social science theories and specific artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. While the insights of social sciences, e.g., innovation studies and social network theory, have potential to answer the question of why TIC and TUC should be looked at as synergetic entities with elaborated conceptualization, the method of machine learning, as one specific technic off AI, can help answer the question of how to realize that synergy. On the way towards a transdisciplinary approach to TIC and TUC synergy building, or creating transnational university-industry co-innovation networks, the paper takes an initial step by examining what the supports and gaps of existing studies on the topic are, and using the context of EU–China science, technology and innovation cooperation as a testbed. This is followed by the introduction of our proposed approach and our suggestions for future research.
Reciprocal development cooperation refers to “all activities in the public and private sectors that benefit the donor country’s national interest as well as poverty eradication and economic and social development in the recipient country”. The Korean government's development cooperation paradigm is expected to gradually shift from a humanitarian level to a reciprocal level. However, in the case of science and technology innovation, it is difficult to acquire information about countries that are subject to reciprocal development cooperation. Therefore, in this study, the conceptual framework for reciprocal development cooperation was established and STI systems of major countries were analyzed to provide basic STI data and to suggest directions for reciprocal development cooperation. In this study, two countries, Brazil and India, were selected for analysis by applying three criteria: “differentiation from existing research,” “relevance to national interests and national tasks,” and “possibility of securing data”. In this study, the STI system components of Brazil and India were classified and analyzed into macro-environment, STI governance, STI investment and achievements, STI human resources, STI innovative actors, and STI support organizations. The reciprocal development cooperation agenda was described focusing on three dimensions: “what”, “how” and “who”. First, in the perspective of “what”, climate change, digital transformation, infectious diseases, and other issues were derived as cooperation contents. Second, policy advice and joint research, human exchange, and so on, were suggested as cooperation methods. Third, universities, GRIs, and companies were suggested as cooperation partner
The COVID-19 pandemic revealed systemic weaknesses and gaps in healthcare systems globally. Ecosystems with more of an entrepreneurial, systems-change approach saw these gaps as opportunities. Entrepreneurs in emerging markets face specific hurdles their counterparts elsewhere may not. However, even with so many innovators at work, the crisis illustrated that healthcare remains deeply influenced by local conditions, resources, systems, and policy despite the global reach of technology and healthcare innovation. Though there is no single recipe for effective, scalable, sustainable, and equitable healthcare innovation, we have identified examples from across health systems that can offer a blueprint to which governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), investors, donors, universities, research institutions, and entrepreneurs around the world can refer. Several essential ingredients are common among high-impact innovators in emerging markets, including resilience, focus on mission and values, systems orientation, personal motivation, local ties, and global outreach. Also, innovation-driven healthcare ventures take many forms but follow common paths, including identifying and filling systematics gaps, investing in local capacity, blending technology with human intervention, focusing on business models with social purpose, blending local and global capital, and embracing consumers. Moreover, to build vibrant innovation ecosystems that accelerate healthcare innovation, low and middle-income countries (LMICs) must assess and develop their innovation and entrepreneurship capacities by collaborating to build needed capacities, involving stakeholders in a collective ecosystem approach, and adopting new mindsets. An ecosystem approach is required to build sustainable and scalable healthcare innovations with real potential to improve the health and lives of people in LMICs. Governments, universities, corporations, NGOs, entrepreneurs, and investors can and should collaborate to build a shared vision for local healthcare improvement.
