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Location of the new hydropower plants to be built in Cuba in the coming years.

Location of the new hydropower plants to be built in Cuba in the coming years.

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Cuba, a small country in the Caribbean Sea with a total land area of 109,886 km2 and a population of around 11.2 million, has no significant proved oil, gas and coal reserves and use, in a very limited manner, some of the four main renewable energy sources available in the country, generating just 50.1 GW/h or 4.04% of the total electricity consume...

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... C. Ramada (2016). The location of the new hydropower plants to be built in the country in the coming years is shown in Figure 4. ...
Context 2
... biomass (bagasse, see Figure 14) showed the main advances in the development of new steam generators and systems of bagasse drying, as well as a great expansion of co-generation. The initial objective of the government is to install 755 MW in bioelectric plants to use bagasse in 25 sugar mills by 2030 (see Figure 15). ...

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Cuba, a small island in the Caribbean Sea with a total land area of 109.884 km 2 and a population of around 11.423 million, has no significant proved oil, gas and coal reserves. Also use, in a very limited manner, some of the four main renewable energy sources available in the country for electricity production, generating just 50,1 GW/h or 4,04% o...

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... In 2014 the Cuban government declared its intention to achieve 24% of electricity generation through renewable energy by 2030 (Morales Pedraza, 2018. So far, most of Cuban electricity is generated by burning oil. ...
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Photovoltaic power generation capacity is increasing tremendously as a result of strong renewable energy policies and environmental concerns. In particular, the use of solar modules to generate electricity has grown significantly in Cuba recently. Based on the statistics published by the European Commission, the installed capacity of the photovoltaic modules increased from 15 to 100 MW in the timeframe of 2015–2019. In this context, efficiency is one of the most critical figures of merit of a photovoltaic module. It describes the ratio of the produced electrical power to the received solar irradiance. In this work, a widely-used model of efficiency is considered, and the incorporation of the pre-module losses due to light reflections is our original contribution. Experimental data recorded during eight months in a plant connected to the Cuban National Electric System are employed to examined and check the proposed approach. Our findings provide a key achievement in the estimation of the module efficiency within a system. In addition, based on the previous results, we perform a rough evaluation of the prevision of the photovoltaic system energy production using levelized cost of energy within the framework of the discounting method, showing a drastic drop by a factor two in the coming two decades.