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Location of ethnobotanical investigation sites on O. alpina in Lubero cool highlands region (DR Congo).
Source publication
Abstract
Background: In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo), Oldeania alpina (K. Schum.) Stapleton provides
multiple goods and services to rural populations and is the keystone species of mountain forest ecosystems, most
of which are in a very advanced state of degradation. The present study was carried out in Lubero cool highlands
regio...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... villages were selected for ethnobotanical surveys based on the presence of O. alpina bamboo groves and the existence of indicators of its use in the village. The villages were Luotu, Magheria, Masereka, Kipese and Lubango (Figure 1). The choice of people to be interviewed followed the convenience sampling method, which consists of interviewing people who are available at the time of the study. ...
Context 2
... Thus, Figure 10 shows that the probability of perceiving a regressive evolution of bamboo groves (O. alpina) is about 100 % regardless of ownership status on the one hand, and at least 70 % regardless of the village considered. ...
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... is about 100 % regardless of ownership status on the one hand, and at least 70 % regardless of the village considered. The LCPI is not significantly different between the surveyed villages (LCPI≈18), except for Magheria whose LCPI (22) is significantly different and higher than those of the other four villages (Figure 11). With all LCPI values above 15, this suggests that bamboo (O. ...
Context 4
... would lead to the deterioration of the conservation status of the biodiversity that necessarily depends on this upland bamboo, especially the mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei graueri Matschie), which not only have bamboo groves (O. alpina) as their preferred habitat, but also feed on its young shoots ( Figure 12) ( Masinda et al. 2017, Kyungu Kasolene 2019, Kamabale Ndavaro et al. 2021). And if nothing is done in the shortest possible time, the current population growth in the study area is likely to exacerbate this alarming environmental problem (Vyakuno 2006, Kyungu Kasolene 2019. ...
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Citations
... They benefit from an equatorial climate tempered by the mountains, with regular rain because they straddle the equator. Temperature is low in these two sites, with an average between 17-18 °C (Vyakuno, 2006;Ndavaro et al., 2023). Rainfall stood at 153.75 mm for Luotu and 101.75 mm for Kipese station during the experiment period (April -July, 2023). ...
Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plays a crucial role in ensuring food security, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Primarily grown for both human and animal consumption, potato is also an important industrial product, particularly for starch production. Planning a potato improvement programme requires scientific knowledge of the variability of genotypes grown as the basis for proper breeding strategies. The objective of this study was to assess the phenotypic variability within potato genotypes in the Territory of Lubero in DRC. The study was conducted in two sites (Luotu and Kipese) and involved 18 genotypes collected from Lubero Territory. Sites had significant effects on all parameters evaluated (P<0.001); except on the number of unmarketable tubers. The effect of genotype and the interaction between genotype and site were also significant for all parameters (P<0.001). Principal component analysis, considering the three dimensions, explained 80.354% of the total variability within the genotypes. The number of marketable tubers, days to 50% physiological maturity and number of stems per plant, correlated with Dimension 1, which explain 34.351% of the total variability. They significantly contributed to total variability. Three genotype clusters were formed; the first cluster was characterised by genotypes with long flowering duration, the greatest plant height and longest period to 50% maturity. The second group was characterised by high marketable tubers yield; while the third was by a high number of marketable tubers. This variability is useful in breeding programmes for the improvement of yield of marketable potato tubers in Lubero Territory in DRC.
... Indeed, for centuries, humans have maintained existential relationships with forest plants, which provide them with enormous ecosystem goods and services, most of which contribute to the satisfaction of the most fundamental human needs (Gouwakinnou et al. 2019;Soe & Yeo-Chang 2019;Kaltenborn et al. 2020). In Sub-Saharan Africa, rural human societies are most closely linked to forest plant resources for their subsistence, due to the lower living standard of their populations (Kathambi et al. 2020;Ndavaro et al. 2023). Members of rural communities are endowed with endogenous knowledge and practices that are incorporated into their habits and passed down from generation to generation as a result of their overdependence on forest plant resources (McMillen 2012;Parrotta et al. 2016;Badjaré et al. 2018;Cissé et al. 2018;Ndavaro et al. 2023). ...
... In Sub-Saharan Africa, rural human societies are most closely linked to forest plant resources for their subsistence, due to the lower living standard of their populations (Kathambi et al. 2020;Ndavaro et al. 2023). Members of rural communities are endowed with endogenous knowledge and practices that are incorporated into their habits and passed down from generation to generation as a result of their overdependence on forest plant resources (McMillen 2012;Parrotta et al. 2016;Badjaré et al. 2018;Cissé et al. 2018;Ndavaro et al. 2023). Endogenous knowledge is dynamic as a result of close interactions with natural systems (Kathambi et al. 2020) and the diverse experiences acquired over centuries in constantly changing environmental, socio-economic and political contexts (Parrotta et al. 2016). ...
... The woody plants of the forest patches of the Lubero Mountain Massif play an important role in the socio-economic and cultural life of local communities (Vyakuno 2006;Ndavaro et al. 2023) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo), which has a population that is 70% peasant (Karume et al. 2022). Indeed, more than 80% of this region population in the north-east of DR Congo relies heavily on woody plants of forest patches for their subsistence in terms of food supply, primary medical care, domestic fuel or charcoal, building materials for residential houses, handicraft products, etc. (Ndavaro et al. 2023). ...
Background: In rural human societies, people's knowledge of plants can vary according to some factors, including socio-demographic characteristics. This study was carried out among local communities living near forest patches of the Lubero Mountain Massif in north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo). Its aim was to assess the effect of age, gender and formal education on the level of endogenous knowledge of woody plants of the forest patches. Methods: Ethnobotanical surveys were carried out among 449 people in 13 villages bordering forest patches in the study area, using semi-structured individual interviews and focus groups. The different categories of use of woody plants were identified. The effect of age, gender and formal education on the level of local knowledge of woody plants was investigated using negative binomial regression. Results: A total of 80 woody species belonging to 77 genera and 43 families were mentioned by the respondents, who used them in five main categories: energy, handicrafts, medicine, construction and food. Age and gender had a significant effect on the number of woody species identified (P<0.05). Old people (age ≥ 60 years) knew on average twice as many woody species as adults (30 < age < 60) and young people (age ≤ 30 years), while men knew significantly more species than women. Conclusions: These findings confirm the unequal distribution of endogenous knowledge based on socio-demographic factors and suggests that males and older people with more knowledge of woody species should be considered as key players in the conservation of woody plant resources in the study area. Keywords: Ethnobotanical hypothesis, Endogenous knowledge, Socio-demographic characteristics, Woody plants, Conservation, Mountain forests, Lubero, DR Congo.
... In these territories, traditional medicine is used to treat over 50 diseases, including malaria, diarrhea, colic, internal candidiasis, yellow fever, migraine, rheumatism, otitis, abscesses, gastritis, intestinal worms, panariasis, wounds, ulcers, haemorrhoids, hernias, dysentery, nasal haemorrhage, gastroenteritis, sprains, atherosclerosis, urogenital infections, furunculosis, ringworm, scabies, coughs, asthma, poison, etc. (Kasika et al. 2016;Ndavaro et al. 2023;Saa-Sita et al. 2022). Among these medicinal plants is Prunus africana, distributed in the Afromontane forests of North and South Kivu provinces (Cunningham et al., 2016;Muhesi and Mate, 2018;Muhesi et al. 2023). ...
... Informants were selected randomly and consisted of interviews with individuals available to participate in the study based on criteria. Given that the plurality of people to be interviewed always reveals a diversity of viewpoints (Ndavaro et al. 2023) and that the diversification of sources of ethnobotanical data allows us to consider the societal realities specific to each environment (Sambiéni et al. 2015, Ndavaro et al. 2023, the sample size (n) was calculated by the normal approximation of the binomial distribution (Padonou et al. 2014;Agbo et al. 2017;Ndavaro et al. 2023): ...
... Informants were selected randomly and consisted of interviews with individuals available to participate in the study based on criteria. Given that the plurality of people to be interviewed always reveals a diversity of viewpoints (Ndavaro et al. 2023) and that the diversification of sources of ethnobotanical data allows us to consider the societal realities specific to each environment (Sambiéni et al. 2015, Ndavaro et al. 2023, the sample size (n) was calculated by the normal approximation of the binomial distribution (Padonou et al. 2014;Agbo et al. 2017;Ndavaro et al. 2023): ...
Background: Prunus africana (Hook. f) Kalkman (Rosaceae) is a multi-purpose species with important utility value for the populations that depend on it. Indeed, local populations living in community forests use P. africana. The objective of this study is to document the different uses of P. africana by local populations in traditional medicine for a better vulgarization for a sustainable management of the resource.
Methods: Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in four P. africana distribution areas in North Kivu. Data were collected
on the basis of a survey from 221 informants. Statistical analysis and calculation of ethnobotanical indices were performed using R 4.1.2 software.
Results: Results of the investigations show that P. africana is by far used in medical practices (96.83%). It is also used as wood energy (60.18 %), charcoal (40.27 %), in handicrafts (7.24 %), construction (6.79 %), food (2.26 %) and traditional rites (0.45 %). In traditional pharmacopoeia, the characterization of the uses allowed us to identify 23 diseases for which P. africana extracts are used to treat them. The bark and leaves are the most used organs in the recipes. The decoction (99.5%), the macerated (10.41%) and the powders (7.69%) are the galenic or pharmaceutical forms in which the local populations prepare the remedies. The potions prepared are mainly administered orally (99.5%).
Conclusion: The multiple forms of use of P. africana by the populations of North Kivu, both in medicine and in other categories of use, constitute a threat to its survival. For a sustainable management, the results of this study reveal that it is possible to substitute the species P. africana with other plant species with similar potential in order to limit its overexploitation
Forest ecosystems undergo profound changes due to the combined effects of human activities on carbon footprints and climate change. Although we have evidence of such disturbances, the direct impact on the availability of food resources for local populations is still poorly understood. The present study aims to assess the different changes induced by humans in the natural habitats of ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) over time. Two complementary approaches were used: spatial analysis by remote sensing and a survey approach to local perception. In the latter, Landsat satellite images from 2000, 2010, and 2020 were used to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of land use over the past 20 years and to project changes for 2040. Land use of natural habitats of EcM over the past two decades was mapped using supervised classification to determine the changes. During the field survey, 238 individuals from eight villages surrounding the Forest Reserve of Wari-Maro (FR-WM) were interviewed. The spatial analysis results showed a 49.05% decline in the natural habitats of ectomycorrhizal fungi, from 72.39 % in 2000 to 23.34% in 2020, with a projected decline to 12.8 % by 2040. In contrast, anthropogenic land uses such as tree savannah, shrub savannah, cropland-fallow, and bare soil-housing have increased. Additionally, 87% of interviewed respondents confirmed that they have reduced their visits to the natural habitats of fungi in the FR-WM. The threats to fungal habitats, in increasing order, are agricultural expansion (13.87 %), logging (24.37 %), and grazing, especially overgrazing (43.7 %). Increasing demographics (35,29 %), land scarcity (23.05 %), and poverty (21 %) are considered the main drivers, leading to the above threats. These anthropogenic pressures have led to a significant loss of natural ECM habitats, resulting in a decrease in the natural production of edible fungi from 16,999.92 tons of fresh biomass in 2000 to 5,481.05 tons in 2020, a 58% reduction over 20 years. If this trend continues without intervention, this production is projected to decrease to 3,006.82 tons of fresh biomass by 2040. To mitigate these 52 threats and establish sustainable conservation of these EcM natural habitats, appropriate measures must be applied and monitored by all stakeholders involved in the sustainable management of the Wari-Maro Forest reserve.
Connaître les mesures classiques de la diversité floristique est crucial pour étayer les stratégies de conservation des ressources végétales des forêts dégradées. La présente étude vise premièrement à apprécier les paramètres de diversité spécifique et structurale de la flore ligneuse des îlots forestiers du massif montagneux de Lubero et deuxièmement, à déterminer son état de conservation afin de proposer des mesures appropriées pour sa gestion durable. Un échantillonnage stratifié par grappe a été effectué pour les inventaires forestiers. À cet effet, 297 placeaux de 50 m2 chacun ont été matérialisés dans dix îlots forestiers. Les indices de diversité spécifique ont été calculés et les paramètres dendrométriques ont été déterminés. L’entropie de Renyi a été calculée pour comparer la diversité alpha des espèces ligneuses entre les îlots forestiers. Le test rang de Kruskal-Wallis et l’analyse de variance ont permis de comparer les paramètres de diversité structurale entre les peuplements ligneux. Au total, 104 espèces ligneuses (86 genres et 45 familles) ont été recensées. La richesse spécifique des îlots forestiers varie entre 11 et 78. L’indice de diversité de Shannon-Wiener est très variable (1,98 à 4,03 bits) et l’équitabilité de Pielou est assez élevée (0,83 à 0,94). Des différences hautement significatives de densité (degré de liberté ddl=9, chi-square = 93.1316, P<0,0001), de diamètre moyen (ddl=9, statistique F =23.163, P<0,0001), de surface terrière (ddl=9, statistique F =53.568, P<0,0001) et de hauteur de Lorey moyenne (ddl=9, statistique F =208.454 ; P<0,0001) des espèces ligneuses ont été notées entre les îlots forestiers. Du point de vue de la conservation, 87 espèces ligneuses sont rapportées sur la liste rouge de l’Union internationale pour la conservation de la nature (UICN). Les espèces ligneuses déclarées « Vulnérables », « Quasi menacées » et « En danger » méritent une attention particulière des décideurs politiques et des gestionnaires forestiers.
La disponibilité géographique et écologique des ressources végétales est un facteur susceptible de déterminer leur prélèvement par les populations humaines pour divers usages. L’étude, réalisée dans le massif montagneux de Lubero au Nord du Rift Albertin Congolais, a examiné l’hypothèse ethnobotanique de disponibilité des plantes en évaluant l’effet de la distance physique au lieu de collecte et de la valeur d’importance écologique sur la valeur d’usage ethnobotanique des espèces ligneuses des îlots forestiers. Des inventaires forestiers ont été réalisés par la méthode d’échantillonnage stratifié par quadrat dans 255 placeaux (50 m x 50 m chacun), matérialisés dans 10 îlots forestiers de la zone d’étude. Des enquêtes ethnobotaniques par des entretiens semi-structurés et des focus groups ont été menées auprès de 449 personnes dans 13 villages riverains des îlots forestiers. L’indice de la valeur d’importance écologique et l’indice de la valeur d’usage ethnobotanique des espèces ligneuses ont été calculés. L’effet de la distance physique au lieu de collecte et de la valeur d’importance écologique sur la valeur d’usage ethnobotanique des espèces ligneuses a été testé à l’aide d’une régression linéaire multiple, au seuil de significativité de 5 %. Au total, 105 espèces ligneuses (86 genres et 46 familles) ont été inventoriées dans les îlots forestiers. Parmi ces espèces inventoriées, 80 ont été mentionnées par les enquêtés dont 60 d’entre elles ont été utilisées dans le bois-énergie (25,75 %), dans l’artisanat (23,13 %), à des fins médico-magiques (22,01 %), comme des matériaux de construction des maisons (19,78 %) et comme aliment (9,33 %), cinq principales catégories d’usage. La valeur d’usage ethnobotanique des espèces ligneuses a augmenté à mesure que les lieux de collecte étaient éloignés des domiciles et que leur disponibilité dans ces lieux s’élevait (p < 0,05). Ainsi, l’hypothèse ethnobotanique examinée ici est vérifiée avec la variable relative à l’abondance écologique des espèces
ligneuses et non pas avec celle concernant la distance physique au lieu de collecte de ces phytoressources. Dans une perspective de durabilité, il urge de mener des actions de reboisement afin d’améliorer l’état de conservation des espèces ligneuses utiles et à usages multiples que regorgent les îlots forestiers du massif montagneux de Lubero au Nord du Rift Albertin Congolais.
