FIGURE 6 - available via license: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
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Light sources are distributed in the street with PIR sensors used to detect pedestrians. To simplify the system, detection and operation ranges have the same value. The upper part of the figure shows how the pedestrian's lighting needs vary depending on the distance and how the street lighting must respond to these requirements. The lower part of the figure shows a fragment of the street with the corresponding control nodes and the parameters involved.
Source publication
Intelligent control of public lighting is nowadays one of the most challenging issues in smart city deployment. Lighting optimization entails a compromise between comfort, safety, and power consumption, affecting both vehicles and pedestrians. Smart solutions must estimate their characteristics to trade-off users’ needs and energy requirements. Thi...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... LS(i) has information about forthcoming users before their sensors detect such presence, it can better adapt the light intensity provided. We show a basic example in Figure 6, where we illustrate the basic context of a street where each light source has a passive infrared sensor (PIR). Each PIR has an electronic sensor that measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects. ...
Context 2
... consider the setting shown in Figure 6. Here, the light source LS(i − 2) detects a user within its detection range at an instant t. ...
Context 3
... shown in Figure 6, the number of streetlights that must react to users' presence can vary depending on the control policy used. With the proposed methodology, it is possible to measure each streetlight's control algorithm's performance and check the number of previous lamps necessary to offer adequate comfort without increasing energy consumption. ...
Citations
... Most existing solar street light controllers primarily rely on light sensors to control the on/off state and brightness of street lights [13]. However, the brightness adjustment lacks a connection to specific dates and times. ...
This paper presents the development and validation of a high-performance solarpowered charging streetlight. Our controller incorporates various charging modes, including MPPT charging, constant current charging, and constant voltage charging, and the controller can automatically change the charging mode based on the battery level. The streetlight can achieve brightness adjustment through PWM adjustment. The controller turns off the streetlights once the battery voltage reaches the over-discharge protection voltage. However, turning off the streetlights inevitably results in a voltage rebound above the over-discharge protection voltage. Consequently, the streetlights enter a cycling pattern of illumination and extinguishment. We have addressed this issue by incorporating a voltage rise threshold in the controller program, effectively preventing the streetlights from cycling between illumination and extinguishment. The MCU (Micro Controller Unit) can output multiple sets of PWM waves, where each set can control the on/off state of an LED light group. Combining multiple LED groups enables the driving and control of high-power LED street lights. We designed and constructed two solar-powered LED lighting systems to demonstrate the practicality of our approach. Extensive long-term outdoor field tests validate the robust performance of our control system.
... The exact number of lamps to control in the pedestrian vicinity was not specified in either study, as they did not employ sensorybased control. Jose Poza et al. [100] developed a simulation model to assess pedestrian lighting needs across various illumination zones, taking into account the imprecision of PIR sensors. The proposed system anticipates the future positions of pedestrians, evaluating whether the nearest SL will meet the lighting needs of pedestrians at those anticipated positions. ...
As urbanization increases, streetlights have become significant consumers of electrical power, making it imperative to develop effective control methods for sustainability. This paper offers a comprehensive review on control methods of smart streetlight systems, setting itself apart by introducing a novel light scheme framework that provides a structured classification of various light control patterns, thus filling an existing gap in the literature. Unlike previous studies, this work dives into the technical specifics of individual research papers and methodologies, ranging from basic to advanced control methods like computer vision and deep learning, while also assessing the energy consumption associated with each approach. Additionally, the paper expands the discussion to explore alternative functionalities for streetlights, such as serving as communication networks, environmental monitors, and electric vehicle charging stations. This multidisciplinary research aims to be a pivotal resource for both academics and industry professionals, laying the groundwork for future innovation and sustainable solutions in urban lighting.
... Among the fields of application of distributed intelligence, mobility environments, both in cities and on roads, are one of the most widely used. Environments can apply intelligence in everyday aspects such as optimising traffic or managing the power consumption of road lighting [4]. Using embedded systems with distributed intelligence to coordinate non-daily aspects, such as accident prevention, detection or management, is also a challenge. ...
In the current context of the Internet of Things, embedded devices can have some intelligence and distribute both data and processed information. This article presents the paradigm shift from a hierarchical pyramid to an inverted pyramid that is the basis for edge, fog, and cloud-based architectures. To support the new paradigm, the article presents a distributed modular architecture. The devices are made up of essential elements, called control nodes, which can communicate to enhance their functionality without sending raw data to the cloud. To validate the architecture, identical control nodes equipped with a distance sensor have been implemented. Each module can read the distance to each vehicle and process these data to provide the vehicle’s speed and length. In addition, the article describes how connecting two or more CNs, forming an intelligent device, can increase the accuracy of the parameters measured. Results show that it is possible to reduce the processing load up to 22% in the case of sharing processed information instead of raw data. In addition, when the control nodes collaborate at the edge level, the relative error obtained when measuring the speed and length of a vehicle is reduced by one percentage point.
Public street lighting illuminates roadways for two, three, and four-wheeled vehicles. Most roads have street lighting for safety and aesthetics. The security feature improves nighttime driver sight. Motorists need appropriate illumination to reduce accidents and crime. Lighting design and placement affect the street's and city's nighttime attractiveness. Public street lighting lights utilize uncontrolled electricity, resulting in excessive expenditures. We need a design that effectively manages and uses electrical energy. The IoT-based Public Street Lighting system employing solar panels as battery chargers may be utilized for electrical energy planning. The ESP8266 module provides control, a Wi-Fi module provides Wi-Fi, the relay module provides an electric switch to turn on or off public street lighting lights using the intelligent energy public street lighting application, and solar panels charge the batteries. The system has LDR sensor monitoring, ultrasonic sensors, and a Nodemcu ESP8266 microprocessor. The light sensor module detects light intensity. The Smart Energy, Public Street Lighting app lets officers monitor the process in real time. This program will monitor public street lighting and analyze and graph the data.
In the following paper a proposal was made for a remote management system for public lighting belonging to Empresa Eléctrica C.A., analyzing the different technologies for remote control and monitoring of equipment, with the purpose of defining the most appropriate one in terms of its advantages, installation, and cost of the necessary equipment. The company has currently opted for the installation of LED lamps on Av. de los Alcaldes and Av. Aurelio Jaramillo, improving the photometric parameters with respect to the old technologies, but they still have a high energy consumption due to the operating time of the luminaires. An analysis and comparison of MINOS UMPI, OWLET, ELO and SimplySnap technologies was carried out to define the most appropriate one in consideration with the requirements of the equipment already installed, therefore a field study was carried out to verify the state of the public lighting and the transformer stations. In addition to comparing the cost of current energy consumption with the cost of energy consumption of the system with remote management. In turn, a technical-economic study of the proposal and a simulation of the lighting aspects under the current ARCONEL-CONELEC 006-20 regulations. Design a lighting system with telemanagement and radiofrequency wave communication between the operation teams through a Wi-Fi network with the monitoring equipment. Analyze the photometric effect through simulation with the Dialux program, verifying if the values obtained are in accordance with the regulations in force in the country, in addition, the technical study in the transformation stations determining their chargeability with the current and proposed system. The data obtained in the comparison of equipment allowed to determine the VAN and the IRR of the proposal obtained the following values (988.71$ and 8.29%) in a period of 10 years.KeywordsEnergy consumptionEnergy efficiencyLed luminairePublic lightingRemote management
In recent years, light pollution has become a very serious problem, and many nighttime traffic accidents are caused by rapid changes in the intensity of car headlights. As the rapid change of external light intensity can reduce people's ability to observe objects, cause human discomfort, and even damage the naked eye. Therefore, trying to achieve the brightness switching of car headlights by means of breathing lights is an important way to reduce traffic accidents. In this paper, we use microcontroller as the main control device and PWM technology to design a set of headlight state switching by breathing. Finally, the safety and security of night travelers are improved and the traffic accident rate is reduced.KeywordsMicrocontrollerPWMBreathing lightHumanized designAutomotive lighting
