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This study proposes an innovative approach to reduce temperature fluctuations in refrigerated transport during loading and unloading, aiming to minimize food waste and optimize energy consumption in the food supply chain. The solution involves integrating Peltier cells into secondary and tertiary packaging to improve system efficiency and minimize...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... on the effects produced at various points in the supply chain, as well as the effects produced by the food that is consumed and the food that is discarded, the life cycle of food is categorized. The terminology used in the example study is drawn from the life cycle of an apple [3], and Figure 1 depicts the architecture of the life cycles of food products. The amount commonly consumed by an EU citizen has been chosen as the functional unit because the product under discussion in that study is intended for consumption rather than waste. ...
Context 2
... unit corresponds to the mass flows. Figure 1 shows the life cycle structure of the consumption of 1 kg of food (in this case, an apple). Designs 2023, 7, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 35 is greater the further along the chain the food waste occurs. ...
Context 3
... on the effects produced at various points in the supply chain, as well as the effects produced by the food that is consumed and the food that is discarded, the life cycle of food is categorized. The terminology used in the example study is drawn from the life cycle of an apple [3], and Figure 1 depicts the architecture of the life cycles of food products. The amount commonly consumed by an EU citizen has been chosen as the functional unit because the product under discussion in that study is intended for consumption rather than waste. ...
Context 4
... unit corresponds to the mass flows. Figure 1 shows the life cycle structure of the consumption of 1 kg of food (in this case, an apple). [3]. ...
Context 5
... because it is food waste, 0.02 kg of the 1.22 kg supplied is taken away. Finally, 1 kg of apples is consumed by citizens, and a total of 0.28 kg has been wasted along the Figure 1. Life cycle structure of an apple [3]. ...
Context 6
... better locate the position of the temperature sensors that will provide the temperatures in certain secondary packages, a three-dimensional schematic (Figure 10) of the tertiary package with the 12 secondary packages was first created in Solidworks. The development of this schematic allows the use of the corresponding views to identify each of the secondary packaging columns (Figure 11), as well as their position on the chamber door. ...
Context 7
... better locate the position of the temperature sensors that will provide the temperatures in certain secondary packages, a three-dimensional schematic (Figure 10) of the tertiary package with the 12 secondary packages was first created in Solidworks. The development of this schematic allows the use of the corresponding views to identify each of the secondary packaging columns (Figure 11), as well as their position on the chamber door. Thus, the next step was to separate the secondary packages by row about their height; for example, the package located in column 1 and in the second row is represented by M1. ...
Context 8
... the next step was to separate the secondary packages by row about their height; for example, the package located in column 1 and in the second row is represented by M1. Thus, in Figure 12, it is possible to see each of the secondary packages with the same characterization. ...
Context 9
... better locate the position of the temperature sensors that will provide the temperatures in certain secondary packages, a three-dimensional schematic (Figure 10) of the tertiary package with the 12 secondary packages was first created in Solidworks. The development of this schematic allows the use of the corresponding views to identify each of the secondary packaging columns (Figure 11), as well as their position on the chamber door. ...
Context 10
... better locate the position of the temperature sensors that will provide the temperatures in certain secondary packages, a three-dimensional schematic (Figure 10) of the tertiary package with the 12 secondary packages was first created in Solidworks. The development of this schematic allows the use of the corresponding views to identify each of the secondary packaging columns (Figure 11), as well as their position on the chamber door. Thus, the next step was to separate the secondary packages by row about their height; for example, the package located in column 1 and in the second row is represented by M1. ...
Context 11
... the next step was to separate the secondary packages by row about their height; for example, the package located in column 1 and in the second row is represented by M1. Thus, in Figure 12, it is possible to see each of the secondary packages with the same characterization. í µí°¼ í µí± í µí°¼ (7) Substituting the values into Equation (7): í µí°¼ í µ 12 2 22 2 264 í µí°´Indeed µí°´Indeed, to power the system, a power supply with 264 A is required. ...
Context 12
... better locate the position of the temperature sensors that will provide the temperatures in certain secondary packages, a three-dimensional schematic (Figure 10) of the tertiary package with the 12 secondary packages was first created in Solidworks. The development of this schematic allows the use of the corresponding views to identify each of the secondary packaging columns (Figure 11), as well as their position on the chamber door. ...
Context 13
... better locate the position of the temperature sensors that will provide the temperatures in certain secondary packages, a three-dimensional schematic (Figure 10) of the tertiary package with the 12 secondary packages was first created in Solidworks. The development of this schematic allows the use of the corresponding views to identify each of the secondary packaging columns (Figure 11), as well as their position on the chamber door. Thus, the next step was to separate the secondary packages by row about their height; for example, the package located in column 1 and in the second row is represented by M1. ...
Context 14
... the next step was to separate the secondary packages by row about their height; for example, the package located in column 1 and in the second row is represented by M1. Thus, in Figure 12, it is possible to see each of the secondary packages with the same characterization. ...
Context 15
... experimental prototype was assembled using the materials described in the Materials and Methods section. For the secondary packages, 12 packages were used, with the same dimensions as the IFCO packages described in Section 2.1, corresponding to the package shown in Figure 14a. The Peltier cells from botnroll and VLC Components-S.I. (Figure 7) were placed inside them, as shown in Figure 14b. ...
Context 16
... the secondary packages, 12 packages were used, with the same dimensions as the IFCO packages described in Section 2.1, corresponding to the package shown in Figure 14a. The Peltier cells from botnroll and VLC Components-S.I. (Figure 7) were placed inside them, as shown in Figure 14b. Designs ...
Context 17
... experimental prototype was assembled using the materials described in the Materials and Methods section. For the secondary packages, 12 packages were used, with the same dimensions as the IFCO packages described in Section 2.1, corresponding to the package shown in Figure 14a. The Peltier cells from botnroll and VLC Components-S.I. (Figure 7) were placed inside them, as shown in Figure 14b. ...
Context 18
... the secondary packages, 12 packages were used, with the same dimensions as the IFCO packages described in Section 2.1, corresponding to the package shown in Figure 14a. The Peltier cells from botnroll and VLC Components-S.I. (Figure 7) were placed inside them, as shown in Figure 14b. In fact, after placing the cells as shown in Positioning the Battery and Peltier Cells, the Peltier cells were placed in each box as shown in Figure 15a. ...
Context 19
... Peltier cells from botnroll and VLC Components-S.I. (Figure 7) were placed inside them, as shown in Figure 14b. In fact, after placing the cells as shown in Positioning the Battery and Peltier Cells, the Peltier cells were placed in each box as shown in Figure 15a. When the 12 secondary packs were placed in the tertiary pack, they were arranged as shown in Figure 15b. ...
Context 20
... fact, after placing the cells as shown in Positioning the Battery and Peltier Cells, the Peltier cells were placed in each box as shown in Figure 15a. When the 12 secondary packs were placed in the tertiary pack, they were arranged as shown in Figure 15b. Finally, the alveoli ( Figure 16a) were placed in the secondary packages to later receive the fruits mentioned in Section 2.1, which were arranged in the boxes as shown in Figure 16b. ...
Context 21
... the 12 secondary packs were placed in the tertiary pack, they were arranged as shown in Figure 15b. Finally, the alveoli ( Figure 16a) were placed in the secondary packages to later receive the fruits mentioned in Section 2.1, which were arranged in the boxes as shown in Figure 16b. In fact, after placing the cells as shown in Positioning the Battery and Peltier Cells, the Peltier cells were placed in each box as shown in Figure 15a. ...
Context 22
... the 12 secondary packs were placed in the tertiary pack, they were arranged as shown in Figure 15b. Finally, the alveoli ( Figure 16a) were placed in the secondary packages to later receive the fruits mentioned in Section 2.1, which were arranged in the boxes as shown in Figure 16b. In fact, after placing the cells as shown in Positioning the Battery and Peltier Cells, the Peltier cells were placed in each box as shown in Figure 15a. ...
Context 23
... the alveoli ( Figure 16a) were placed in the secondary packages to later receive the fruits mentioned in Section 2.1, which were arranged in the boxes as shown in Figure 16b. In fact, after placing the cells as shown in Positioning the Battery and Peltier Cells, the Peltier cells were placed in each box as shown in Figure 15a. When the 12 secondary packs were placed in the tertiary pack, they were arranged as shown in Figure 15b. ...
Context 24
... fact, after placing the cells as shown in Positioning the Battery and Peltier Cells, the Peltier cells were placed in each box as shown in Figure 15a. When the 12 secondary packs were placed in the tertiary pack, they were arranged as shown in Figure 15b. Designs ...
Context 25
... experimental prototype was assembled using the materials described in the Materials and Methods section. For the secondary packages, 12 packages were used, with the same dimensions as the IFCO packages described in Section 2.1, corresponding to the package shown in Figure 14a. The Peltier cells from botnroll and VLC Components-S.I. (Figure 7) were placed inside them, as shown in Figure 14b. ...
Context 26
... the secondary packages, 12 packages were used, with the same dimensions as the IFCO packages described in Section 2.1, corresponding to the package shown in Figure 14a. The Peltier cells from botnroll and VLC Components-S.I. (Figure 7) were placed inside them, as shown in Figure 14b. In fact, after placing the cells as shown in Positioning the Battery and Peltier Cells, the Peltier cells were placed in each box as shown in Figure 15a. ...
Context 27
... Peltier cells from botnroll and VLC Components-S.I. (Figure 7) were placed inside them, as shown in Figure 14b. In fact, after placing the cells as shown in Positioning the Battery and Peltier Cells, the Peltier cells were placed in each box as shown in Figure 15a. When the 12 secondary packs were placed in the tertiary pack, they were arranged as shown in Figure 15b. ...
Context 28
... fact, after placing the cells as shown in Positioning the Battery and Peltier Cells, the Peltier cells were placed in each box as shown in Figure 15a. When the 12 secondary packs were placed in the tertiary pack, they were arranged as shown in Figure 15b. Finally, the alveoli ( Figure 16a) were placed in the secondary packages to later receive the fruits mentioned in Section 2.1, which were arranged in the boxes as shown in Figure 16b. ...
Context 29
... the 12 secondary packs were placed in the tertiary pack, they were arranged as shown in Figure 15b. Finally, the alveoli ( Figure 16a) were placed in the secondary packages to later receive the fruits mentioned in Section 2.1, which were arranged in the boxes as shown in Figure 16b. Finally, the alveoli ( Figure 16a) were placed in the secondary packages to later receive the fruits mentioned in Section 2.1, which were arranged in the boxes as shown in Figure 16b. ...
Context 30
... the 12 secondary packs were placed in the tertiary pack, they were arranged as shown in Figure 15b. Finally, the alveoli ( Figure 16a) were placed in the secondary packages to later receive the fruits mentioned in Section 2.1, which were arranged in the boxes as shown in Figure 16b. Finally, the alveoli ( Figure 16a) were placed in the secondary packages to later receive the fruits mentioned in Section 2.1, which were arranged in the boxes as shown in Figure 16b. ...
Context 31
... the alveoli ( Figure 16a) were placed in the secondary packages to later receive the fruits mentioned in Section 2.1, which were arranged in the boxes as shown in Figure 16b. Finally, the alveoli ( Figure 16a) were placed in the secondary packages to later receive the fruits mentioned in Section 2.1, which were arranged in the boxes as shown in Figure 16b. The Peltier cells in the same package as well as their connections between the various secondary packages are connected in series, and this same connection was made by unions as shown in Figure 17a. ...
Context 32
... the alveoli ( Figure 16a) were placed in the secondary packages to later receive the fruits mentioned in Section 2.1, which were arranged in the boxes as shown in Figure 16b. Finally, the alveoli ( Figure 16a) were placed in the secondary packages to later receive the fruits mentioned in Section 2.1, which were arranged in the boxes as shown in Figure 16b. The Peltier cells in the same package as well as their connections between the various secondary packages are connected in series, and this same connection was made by unions as shown in Figure 17a. ...
Context 33
... the alveoli ( Figure 16a) were placed in the secondary packages to later receive the fruits mentioned in Section 2.1, which were arranged in the boxes as shown in Figure 16b. The Peltier cells in the same package as well as their connections between the various secondary packages are connected in series, and this same connection was made by unions as shown in Figure 17a. As for the power supply of the circuit, in the first and second preliminary tests, this was carried out using three Ultracell batteries that are connected in parallel to maintain the same 12 V voltage but increase the current available for the circuit. ...
Context 34
... for the power supply of the circuit, in the first and second preliminary tests, this was carried out using three Ultracell batteries that are connected in parallel to maintain the same 12 V voltage but increase the current available for the circuit. This connection is present in Figure 17b. However, for the third preliminary test (reference test in which the system composed of Peltier cells is deactivated) and for the remaining main tests, two more batteries were introduced to ensure the normal operation of the system for 60 min, and this same system is represented in Figure 17c. ...
Context 35
... connection is present in Figure 17b. However, for the third preliminary test (reference test in which the system composed of Peltier cells is deactivated) and for the remaining main tests, two more batteries were introduced to ensure the normal operation of the system for 60 min, and this same system is represented in Figure 17c. It is important to note that the batteries are not the ones that would be integrated into a final prototype. ...
Context 36
... first preliminary test (consisting of three tests, each with 20 min) is to verify that the use of thermal grease between the Peltier cells (dissipating side) and the inner wall of the secondary packaging allows the temperature of the radiating side of the cells, as well as the temperature of the food in the middle of the packaging, to be lower than without the use of this thermal grease. Thus, three tests were performed in which one of the columns had thermal grease and another column did not, as shown in Figure 18. For a better understanding of the analysis of the results, acronyms were assigned to each measurement as presented in Table 9. Figure 19 shows the working state of the Peltier cells during this test. ...
Context 37
... three tests were performed in which one of the columns had thermal grease and another column did not, as shown in Figure 18. For a better understanding of the analysis of the results, acronyms were assigned to each measurement as presented in Table 9. Figure 19 shows the working state of the Peltier cells during this test. The Peltier cells in the same package as well as their connections between the various secondary packages are connected in series, and this same connection was made by unions as shown in Figure 17a. ...
Context 38
... a better understanding of the analysis of the results, acronyms were assigned to each measurement as presented in Table 9. Figure 19 shows the working state of the Peltier cells during this test. The Peltier cells in the same package as well as their connections between the various secondary packages are connected in series, and this same connection was made by unions as shown in Figure 17a. As for the power supply of the circuit, in the first and second preliminary tests, this was carried out using three Ultracell batteries that are connected in parallel to maintain the same 12 V voltage but increase the current available for the circuit. ...
Context 39
... for the power supply of the circuit, in the first and second preliminary tests, this was carried out using three Ultracell batteries that are connected in parallel to maintain the same 12 V voltage but increase the current available for the circuit. This connection is present in Figure 17b. However, for the third preliminary test (reference test in which the system composed of Peltier cells is deactivated) and for the remaining main tests, two more batteries were introduced to ensure the normal operation of the system for 60 min, and this same system is represented in Figure 17c. ...
Context 40
... connection is present in Figure 17b. However, for the third preliminary test (reference test in which the system composed of Peltier cells is deactivated) and for the remaining main tests, two more batteries were introduced to ensure the normal operation of the system for 60 min, and this same system is represented in Figure 17c. It is important to note that the batteries are not the ones that would be integrated into a final prototype. ...
Context 41
... were only used for the tests. The Peltier cells in the same package as well as their connections between the various secondary packages are connected in series, and this same connection was made by unions as shown in Figure 17a. As for the power supply of the circuit, in the first and second preliminary tests, this was carried out using three Ultracell batteries that are connected in parallel to maintain the same 12 V voltage but increase the current available for the circuit. ...
Context 42
... for the power supply of the circuit, in the first and second preliminary tests, this was carried out using three Ultracell batteries that are connected in parallel to maintain the same 12 V voltage but increase the current available for the circuit. This connection is present in Figure 17b. However, for the third preliminary test (reference test in which the system composed of Peltier cells is deactivated) and for the remaining main tests, two more batteries were introduced to ensure the normal operation of the system for 60 min, and this same system is represented in Figure 17c. ...
Context 43
... connection is present in Figure 17b. However, for the third preliminary test (reference test in which the system composed of Peltier cells is deactivated) and for the remaining main tests, two more batteries were introduced to ensure the normal operation of the system for 60 min, and this same system is represented in Figure 17c. It is important to note that the batteries are not the ones that would be integrated into a final prototype. ...
Context 44
... first preliminary test (consisting of three tests, each with 20 min) is to verify that the use of thermal grease between the Peltier cells (dissipating side) and the inner wall of the secondary packaging allows the temperature of the radiating side of the cells, as well as the temperature of the food in the middle of the packaging, to be lower than without the use of this thermal grease. Thus, three tests were performed in which one of the columns had thermal grease and another column did not, as shown in Figure 18. For a better understanding of the analysis of the results, acronyms were assigned to each measurement as presented in Table 9. Figure 19 shows the working state of the Peltier cells during this test. ...
Context 45
... three tests were performed in which one of the columns had thermal grease and another column did not, as shown in Figure 18. For a better understanding of the analysis of the results, acronyms were assigned to each measurement as presented in Table 9. Figure 19 shows the working state of the Peltier cells during this test. ...
Context 46
... first preliminary test (consisting of three tests, each with 20 min) is to verify that the use of thermal grease between the Peltier cells (dissipating side) and the inner wall of the secondary packaging allows the temperature of the radiating side of the cells, as well as the temperature of the food in the middle of the packaging, to be lower than without the use of this thermal grease. Thus, three tests were performed in which one of the columns had thermal grease and another column did not, as shown in Figure 18. For a better understanding of the analysis of the results, acronyms were assigned to each measurement as presented in Table 9. Figure 19 shows the working state of the Peltier cells during this test. ...
Context 47
... three tests were performed in which one of the columns had thermal grease and another column did not, as shown in Figure 18. For a better understanding of the analysis of the results, acronyms were assigned to each measurement as presented in Table 9. Figure 19 shows the working state of the Peltier cells during this test. On the other hand, the second preliminary test (consisting of three tests, each with 20 min) was used to determine (inside a closed room) the normal behavior of the Peltier cells at room temperature and to draw the characteristic curve of this behavior. ...
Context 48
... a better understanding of the analysis of the results, acronyms were assigned to each measurement as presented in Table 10. Figure 21 shows the working state of the Peltier cells during this test. Figure 18. ...
Context 49
... a better understanding of the analysis of the results, acronyms were assigned to each measurement as presented in Table 10. Figure 21 shows the working state of the Peltier cells during this test. Figure 18. First preliminary test. ...
Context 50
... a better understanding of the analysis of the results, acronyms were assigned to each measurement as presented in Table 10. Figure 21 shows the working state of the Peltier cells during this test. On the other hand, the second preliminary test (consisting of three tests, each with 20 min) was used to determine (inside a closed room) the normal behavior of the Peltier cells at room temperature and to draw the characteristic curve of this behavior. ...
Context 51
... a better understanding of the analysis of the results, acronyms were assigned to each measurement as presented in Table 10. Figure 21 shows the working state of the Peltier cells during this test. Designs 2023, 7, x FOR PEER REVIEW 20 of 35 Figure 20. ...
Context 52
... for the reference test (Peltier cell system deactivated) and for the remaining tests (each consisting of three tests), a cooling chamber was used, as shown in Figure 22a. The tertiary package with 12 secondary packages of the fruit shown in Figure 16b was placed in this climate chamber (Figure 22b). Thus, for these 60 min tests, the power supply system shown in Figure 17c was used to ensure the normal operation of the system during this period. ...
Context 53
... tertiary package with 12 secondary packages of the fruit shown in Figure 16b was placed in this climate chamber (Figure 22b). Thus, for these 60 min tests, the power supply system shown in Figure 17c was used to ensure the normal operation of the system during this period. Again, it is important to note that the batteries are not the ones that would be used in a final prototype and were only used for testing. ...
Context 54
... for the reference test (Peltier cell system deactivated) and for the remaining tests (each consisting of three tests), a cooling chamber was used, as shown in Figure 22a. The tertiary package with 12 secondary packages of the fruit shown in Figure 16b was placed in this climate chamber (Figure 22b). Thus, for these 60 min tests, the power supply system shown in Figure 17c was used to ensure the normal operation of the system during this period. ...
Context 55
... tertiary package with 12 secondary packages of the fruit shown in Figure 16b was placed in this climate chamber (Figure 22b). Thus, for these 60 min tests, the power supply system shown in Figure 17c was used to ensure the normal operation of the system during this period. Again, it is important to note that the batteries are not the ones that would be used in a final prototype and were only used for testing. ...
Context 56
... for the reference test (Peltier cell system deactivated) and for the remaining tests (each consisting of three tests), a cooling chamber was used, as shown in Figure 22a. The tertiary package with 12 secondary packages of the fruit shown in Figure 16b was placed in this climate chamber (Figure 22b). Thus, for these 60 min tests, the power supply system shown in Figure 17c was used to ensure the normal operation of the system during this period. ...
Context 57
... tertiary package with 12 secondary packages of the fruit shown in Figure 16b was placed in this climate chamber (Figure 22b). Thus, for these 60 min tests, the power supply system shown in Figure 17c was used to ensure the normal operation of the system during this period. Again, it is important to note that the batteries are not the ones that would be used in a final prototype and were only used for testing. ...
Context 58
... the other hand, the less affected points in this test are the packages located in positions B1 to B4. Thus, in Figures 31 and 32, the temperature variation curves of sensor B1 and sensor B4, respectively, are shown concerning the reference test sensor, the first being the least critical point since it is the one farthest from the door of the refrigeration chamber. For sensor B1 (Figure 31), which is the farthest from the door of the refrigeration chamber, during the first 37 min, both test curves show identical behavior. ...
Context 59
... in Figures 31 and 32, the temperature variation curves of sensor B1 and sensor B4, respectively, are shown concerning the reference test sensor, the first being the least critical point since it is the one farthest from the door of the refrigeration chamber. For sensor B1 (Figure 31), which is the farthest from the door of the refrigeration chamber, during the first 37 min, both test curves show identical behavior. From this point on, there is an increase in the slope of the average temperature in the reference test, resulting in a final temperature of approximately 2.4 °C for sensor B1 of the 7.5L_2.5D ...
Context 60
... the other hand, the less affected points in this test are the packages located in positions B1 to B4. Thus, in Figures 31 and 32, the temperature variation curves of sensor B1 and sensor B4, respectively, are shown concerning the reference test sensor, the first being the least critical point since it is the one farthest from the door of the refrigeration chamber. For sensor B1 (Figure 31), which is the farthest from the door of the refrigeration chamber, during the first 37 min, both test curves show identical behavior. ...
Context 61
... in Figures 31 and 32, the temperature variation curves of sensor B1 and sensor B4, respectively, are shown concerning the reference test sensor, the first being the least critical point since it is the one farthest from the door of the refrigeration chamber. For sensor B1 (Figure 31), which is the farthest from the door of the refrigeration chamber, during the first 37 min, both test curves show identical behavior. From this point on, there is an increase in the slope of the average temperature in the reference test, resulting in a final temperature of approximately 2.4 • C for sensor B1 of the 7.5L_2.5D ...
