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( Left ) Sketch of a pattern on the mammoth tusk fragments from the Paleolithic Kiev-Kirilovska settlement (1), and Gontsy settlement (2), dated 15,000 BCE; ( Right ) Mammoth tusk fragment from the Kiev-Kirilovska settlement with the pattern, which is possibly interpreted as an ancient calendar of lunar phases. National Museum of the History of Ukraine, Kyiv.
Source publication
We describe and discuss most interesting archaeological findings related to old astronomy in Ukraine. Among them are the mammoth tusk fragments (Gontsy and Kiev-Kirilivska settlements) and the famous Mezin bracelets (Mezin settlement), where possible calendar patterns based on the lunar cycles are engraved with fine accuracy, as well as a possible...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... well-saved mammoth's tusk fragment covered by an intricate pattern grooving with a fine accuracy is the most interesting for us. One can see (Fig. 2a) that in the centre of a tusk fragment there is a thin curved line, from which for both sides the alternating lines of different length depart at the right angles, one longer and several very short afterwards, again longer and several very short after, etc., in total 32 long and 78 short lines. Yet Boriskovsky in 1953, one of the first ...
Context 2
... piece of mammoth tusk represents the head of a long-beaked bird, an animal silhouette identified as a turtle and line ornamentation. Remarkably, one of the tusk pieces with a length of 30 cm has rough indentations and line ornamentations likely grooved ancient calendar (Fig. 2b). This pattern is very similar to that as on the aforementioned mammoth tusk from the Gontsy ...
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Citations
... The more we analyze the diversity of the Paleolithic archaeological finds the more we are convinced that the evidence points to astronomical observations and calendars used in daily life that were part of a ‗Paleolithic pre-scientific knowledge base'. However, most of these conclusions have been published by archaeologists, while Ukrainian astronomers by and large have not been involved in these discussions-with the notable exceptions of the isolated studies by Zosimovich (1992), Pavlenko et al. (2006) and Vavilova and Artemenko (2010). We therefore decided to fill this gap by collecting data on remarkable finds unearthed in Ukraine which appear to give an indication of the astronomical knowledge of our ancient ancestors. ...
... The patterns on the bracelets have been interpreted as depicting lunar calendars based exactly on the period of 10 lunar months or 280 days (for details see Abramova, 1962: Table XXXIV;Frolov, 1977;Pidoplichko, 1998;and Vavilova and Artemenko, 2010). Because of its historical importance the Mezin wide bracelet was selected to feature on a new coin, and this was issued by the Bank of Ukraine on 17 February 2006 (see Figure 5). ...
... constellations (Vavilova and Artemenko, 2009;. Many of these finds and even the entire site at Chokurcha-2 have been lost, although the c. 15,000 BCE etched Kiev-Kirillovskaya mammoth bone is on display at the National Museum of History of Ukraine. ...
In Critias (c. 360 BCE) Plato claims that Solon first heard the story of Atlantis on his visit to Egypt during the reign of King Amasis (Ahmose II of Dynasty 26). Critias 108e states that Atlantis existed 9000 years before Solon's time placing it in around 9600 BCE. No known archaeology supports this date. This transdisciplinary article explores evidence that Plato was aware of Ancient Egyptian king lists, which differ markedly from Ancient Greek archon lists, and that a misunderstanding led to an incorrect date being recorded. Using data analysis of Manetho's king list (c. 332 BCE), a likely solution to the dating error of Solon's visit with Amasis is provided, Plato's date for the founding of Egyptian culture aligns with the predynastic Badarian culture, and geological, archaeological, and archaeogenetic evidence along with textual analysis plausibly points to a myth heavily distorted by Plato and which originates c. 4,900 BCE +/-250 likely in Old Europe.
The well-known “sun boat" carvings of Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape with a crosses or strokes on board and solar image on prove are a calendar inscriptions and Stone no.1, known for his numerous boat carvings, is a solar observatory with two sundial niches carved on the east and northern side.The front half of 36 crosses row of year “sun boat” of eastern niche used as a measuring ruler to determine seasons by the shadows of plumb-gnomon. 17th cross, distinguished with lying on the right and left human figures, is a mark of the summer solstice, if the plummet-gnomon hangs on the first slot in the cornice of the ceiling niches.
https://kpfu.ru/portal/docs/F2029841912/ASTRONOMY.AND.WORLD.HERITAGE.pdf ------------------------------21.06.2016--------
www.youtube.com/watch?v=xjnwVaLYwyU ----------------------------- Equinox video
------------------------ www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqudX553hQw
A brief history of the creating and developing of the public
observatories in Bulgaria, and especially of the first of them, the
Observatory in Stara Zagora, is presented. Being propagator of positive
knowledge about the nature and the universe, this institution has been
educated thousands young people and directed them to become scientists,
engineers, teachers and other intellectuals. Today the graduates of the
Observatory are working in the whole Bulgaria and the whole world.
