Figure 2 - uploaded by Paul R. Cohen
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Left: A sample arrangement of blocks of different shapes and colors used in the robot experiment; numbered blocks contain RFID tags, where the number indicates the value of a scan. Right: A picture of Charlie the Robot.
Source publication
Humans naturally use multiple modes of instruction while teaching one another. We would like our robots and artificial agents to be instructed in the same way, rather than programmed. In this paper, we review prior work on human instruction of autonomous agents and present observations from two exploratory pilot studies and the results of a full st...
Contexts in source publication
Context 1
... expressivity for the Teacher but closer to in- teractions that might be handled by current artificial agents. The robot, named Charlie, was built from a Bioloids robotics kit 2 and consists of a 4-wheeled, independent drive chassis, an arm with a simple two-fingered (pincer) grip- per, and an arm with an RFID sensor attached at the end (see Fig. 2, right). While each arm has multiple degrees of freedom, the arm controllers were simplified to discrete ac- tions to deploy and retract, open and close, rotate the gripper, and scan with the RFID sensor (this would sweep the sensor back and forth after it was deployed). The robot was placed on a table along with small foam blocks of various ...
Context 2
... arm has multiple degrees of freedom, the arm controllers were simplified to discrete ac- tions to deploy and retract, open and close, rotate the gripper, and scan with the RFID sensor (this would sweep the sensor back and forth after it was deployed). The robot was placed on a table along with small foam blocks of various shapes and colors (see Fig. 2, left). The Teacher stood at one end of the table and used a terminal to enter text to communicate directly with the Student. The Student was located in a partitioned region of the lab, away from the table and Teacher; the Teacher could not see the Student and we set up conditions so that the Teacher did not know there was an additional ...
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Citations
... (This observation appears to be independent of the teaching task since it was noted also in our prior pilot studies [2]). 2. We found at least 4 distinct patterns used to switch between teaching and testing of the electronic student. ...
... Teachers preferred to test the Student intermittently throughout the teaching session rather than doing a monolithic testing episode at the end. The importance of testing in teaching was also observed in our pilot studies, using different teaching tasks [2]. We catalogued several levels of organization that characterized teaching trajectories, and noted that teachers frequently used the GUI in unexpected ways. ...
Our goal is to develop methods for non-experts to teach complex behaviors to autonomous agents (such as robots) by accommodating
“natural” forms of human teaching. We built a prototype interface allowing humans to teach a simulated robot a complex task
using several techniques and report the results of 44 human participants using this interface. We found that teaching styles
varied considerably but can be roughly categorized based on the types of interaction, patterns of testing, and general organization
of the lessons given by the teacher. Our study contributes to a better understanding of human teaching patterns and makes
specific recommendations for future human-robot interaction systems.
